Validierung des “Perceived Stress Questionnaire“ (PSQ) an einer deutschen Stichprobe

Fliege, Herbert, Rose, Matthias, Arck, Petra, Levenstein, Susan, Klapp, Burghard F.·2001·Diagnostica
DOI 10.1026//0012-1924.47.3.142

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. Der “Perceived Stress Questionnaire“ (PSQ) von Levenstein et al. (1993) , ein Instrument zur Erfassung der aktuellen subjektiv erlebten Belastung, wurde in einer deutschen Fassung an N = 650 Probanden teststatistisch überprüft (n = 249 stationär psychosomatische Patienten, n = 81 Frauen nach Fehlgeburt, n = 74 Frauen nach komplikationsloser Entbindung, n = 246 Medizinstudierende). Faktorenanalytisch finden sich - abweichend vom Original - 4 Faktoren (Sorgen, Anspannung, Freude, Anforderungen), die sich in 4 Skalen mit je fünf Items überführen lassen mit internen Konsistenzwerten zwischen Cronbachs Alpha = .80 und = .86. Der ursprüngliche Umfang wurde von 30 auf 20 Items reduziert. Interkorrelationsmuster und Gruppendifferenzen legen nahe, daß die ersten drei Skalen die interne Streßreaktion des Individuums abbilden, während die Skala “Anforderungen“ die Wahrnehmung äußerer Stressoren fokussiert. Für die Konstruktvalidität sprechen Zusammenhangsmuster mit Merkmalen der subjektiven Lebensqualität (erfaßt mit dem WHOQOL-Bref, Angermeyer et al., 1999 ) und der sozialen Unterstützung (F-SOZU, Sommer & Fydrich, 1991 ). Die externe Validität wird belegt durch signifikant voneinander abweichende Streßscores für psychosomatische Patienten vor Therapie, Frauen nach einer Fehlgeburt und Frauen nach komplikationsloser Entbindung. Zudem finden sich zum Teil - für Schwangerschaftskomplikationen relevante - immunologische Imbalancen bei Frauen nach Fehlgeburt, wenn diese einen höheren Streßwert aufweisen. Abnehmende Streßwerte im Verlauf stationärer Psychotherapie sind ein Beleg für die Änderungssensitivität.

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