Patterns of Adolescent Physical Activity, Screen-Based Media Use, and Positive and Negative Health Indicators in the U.S. and Canada
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Purpose To examine: (1) how adolescent physical activity (PA) and screen-based media use (SBM) relate to physical and social health indicators, and (2) crossnational differences in these relationships.Methods Essentially identical questions and methodologies were used in the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children cross-sectional surveys of nationally representative samples of American (N = 14,818) and Canadian (N = 7266) students in grades 6 to 10. Items included questions about frequency of PA, SBM, positive health indicators (health status, self-image, quality of life, and quality of family and peer relationships), and negative health indicators (health complaints, physical aggression, smoking, drinking, and marijuana use).Results In regression analyses controlling for age and gender, positive health indicators were uniformly positively related to PA while two negative health indicators were negatively related to PA. However, PA was positively related to physical aggression. The pattern for SBM was generally the opposite; SBM was negatively related to most positive health indices and positively related to several of the negative health indicators. The notable exception was that SBM was positively related to the quality of peer relationships. Although there were crossnational differences in the strength of some relationships, these patterns were essentially replicated in both countries.Conclusions Surveys of nationally representative samples of youth in two countries provide evidence of positive physical and social concomitants of PA and negative concomitants of SBM. These findings suggest potential positive consequences of increasing PA and decreasing SBM in adolescents and provide further justification for such efforts.
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Prior cross-sectional studies have mostly found a positive association between screen time and somatic symptoms in children, adolescents, and young adults.
“Prior cross-sectional studies have examined the relationship between screen time and somatic symptoms in children, adolescents, and young adults [60–66], with the majority finding a positive association between screen time and somatic symptoms.”
From Screen time and mental health: a prospective analysis of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (2024) · cites this paper as [63]
Spending more time on screens is positively associated with the quality of peer relationships in school-age children.
“It has been shown that spending more time on screens is positively associated with the quality of peer relationships in school-age children [21].”
TV and computer use-including social media and messaging-were related to more positive peer relationships, with the suggestion that those forms of media use might be culturally linked to socialization.
“Researchers reported that TV and computer use—including social media and messaging—were related to more positive peer relationships, with the suggestion that those forms of media use might be culturally linked to socialization.”
The finding that more screen time is associated with a greater number of close friends, both male and female, is in line with previous research [21].
“The finding that more screen time is associated with a greater number of close friends, both male and female, is in line with previous research [21]”
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- Authors
- Iannotti, R. J., Kogan, M. D., Janssen, I., & Boyce, W. F.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Health Resources and Services Administration (US)
- Queen's University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Iannotti, Ronald J.
- Venue
- Journal of Adolescent Health
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-05
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 493-499
- ISSN
- 1054-139X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2705990
- OpenAlex
- W2025831126
- Cited by
- 260
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 12.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Adolescent Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (Z99HD999999)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Social Sciences › Life-span and Life-course Studies › Sports and Physical Education Studies
- Keywords
- adolescent physical activity, screen-based media use, physical aggression, peer relationships, family relationships, self-image, quality of life, health complaints, adolescent substance use, United States and Canada
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Canada, Child, Female, Health Status, Health Surveys, Humans, Life Style, Male, Motor Activity, Social Behavior, Television, United States, Health Behavior, Video Games
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