Cited by 102Antibiotic Use and ResistancePharmacy and Medical PracticesPharmaceutical industry and healthcare

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The impact of law enforcement on dispensing antibiotics without prescription: a multi-methods study from Saudi Arabia

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Alrasheedy, Alian A., Alsalloum, Muath A., Almuqbil, Feras A., Almuzaini, Muaath A., Aba Alkhayl, Bandar S., Albishri, Ahmed S., Alharbi, Faisal F., Alharbi, Saleh R., Alodhayb, Abdullah K., Alfadl, Abubakr A., Godman, Brian, Hill, Ruaraidh, Anaam, Mohammed S.·2020·Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy

DOI 10.1080/14787210.2020.1705156

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Abstract

Background: Dispensing of antibiotics without a prescription (DAwP) has been widely practised among community pharmacies in Saudi Arabia despite being illegal. However, in May 2018, the law and regulations were enforced alongside fines. Consequently, we wanted to evaluate the impact of these changes.Methods: A study was conducted among 116 community pharmacies in two phases. A pre-law enforcement phase between December 2017 and March 2018 and a post-law enforcement phase one year later. Each phase consisted of a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey and a simulated client method (SCM) approach. In the SCM, clients presented with either pharyngitis or urinary tract infections (UTI). In SCM, for each phase, all 116 pharmacies were visited with one of the scenarios.Results: Before the law enforcement, 70.7% of community pharmacists reported that DAwP was common with 96.6% and 87.7% of participating pharmacies dispensed antibiotics without a prescription for pharyngitis and UTI respectively. After the law enforcement, only 12.9% reported that DAwP is still a common practice, with only 12.1% and 5.2% dispensing antibiotics without prescriptions for pharyngitis and UTI respectively.Conclusion: law enforcement was effective. However, there is still further scope for improvement. This could include further educational activities with pharmacists, physicians and the public.

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“Sakeena et al. (2018) in their systematic review of 50 studies in LMICs also found high rates of non-prescription sales of antibiotics at up CONTACT Alian A. Alrasheedy alianaaly@gmail.com Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51911, Saudi Arabia © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading…”
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Authors: Alrasheedy, A. A., Alsalloum, M. A., Almuqbil, F. A., Almuzaini, M. A., Aba Alkhayl, B. S., Albishri, A. S., Alharbi, F. F., Alharbi, S. R., Alodhayb, A. K., Alfadl, A. A., Godman, B., Hill, R., & Anaam, M. S.
Affiliations: Qassim University (SA)
Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
Karolinska University Hospital (SE)
University of Liverpool (GB)
Corresponding author: Alrasheedy, Alian A.
ORCID: Alrasheedy, Alian A.
Alsalloum, Muath A.
Alfadl, Abubakr A.
Godman, Brian
Hill, Ruaraidh
Anaam, Mohammed S.
Venue: Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2019-12-23
Volume: 18
Issue: 1
Pages: 87-97
ISSN: 1478-7210 (ISSN-L)
1744-8336
DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2020.1705156
OpenAlex: W2995139871
Cited by: 102
References: 85
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 11
FWCI: 7.47
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
strathprints.strath.ac.uk
Locations: Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde institutional repository (University of Strathclyde) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antibiotic Use and Resistance
Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Pharmacy and Medical Practices
Health Sciences › Nursing › Issues, ethics and legal aspects › Pharmaceutical industry and healthcare
Keywords: antibiotic misuse, law enforcement, community pharmacy, pharmacy regulation, pharyngitis, urinary tract infection, Saudi Arabia
MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents, Community Pharmacy Services, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Legislation, Pharmacy, Pharyngitis, Surveys and Questionnaires, Saudi Arabia, Urinary Tract Infections, Law Enforcement, Prescription Drugs

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The impact of law enforcement on dispensing antibiotics without prescription: a multi-methods study from Saudi Arabia

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