CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 123Animal Behavior and Welfare StudiesPosttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchHuman-Animal Interaction Studies

Building an inner sanctuary: complex PTSD in chimpanzees.

Open access
Bradshaw, G. A., Capaldo, Theodora, Lindner, Lorin, Grow, Gloria·2008·Journal of Trauma & Dissociation
DOI 10.1080/15299730802073619
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Through the analysis of case studies of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) in residence at a sanctuary, who previously sustained prolonged captivity and biomedical experimentation, we illustrate how human psychological models of diagnosis and treatment might be approached in great apes. This study reflects growing attention to ethical, scientific, and practical problems associated with psychological well-being of animals. The analysis concludes that a diagnosis of Complex PTSD in chimpanzees is consistent with descriptions of trauma-induced symptoms as described by the DSM-IV and human trauma research. We discuss how these findings relate to diagnosis and treatment of chimpanzees in captivity and the issue of their continued laboratory use. This clinical study contributes toward theory and therapeutic practices of an emergent trans-species psychology inclusive of both humans and other species. Such an ability to extend what we know about models of human trauma opens deeper understanding and insights into ourselves as well as individuals from other species.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1080/15299730802073619

Cites

53 of 53 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Complex PTSD, depression, and other psychiatric conditions have been diagnosed in other species, including chimpanzees.

    “Complex PTSD, depression, and other psychiatric conditions have been diagnosed in other species, including chimpanzees [14], [22], [23], [41]–[46], although it is unclear how appropriate the DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Ed.) criteria [47] or other traditional methods of assessing psychopathology are for use in species other than humans.”

    From Signs of mood and anxiety disorders in chimpanzees (2011) · cites this paper as [14]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

4 of the 57 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 8

  1. In R.J. Davidson, K.R. Scherer, and H. Hill Goldsmith (Eds). Handbook of affective sciences. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  2. Daston, L., & G. Mitman. Columbia University Press. New York.
  3. Herman, J. (2004). Complex PTSD: A Syndrome in Survivors of Prolonged and Re- peated Trauma. In Living with Terror, Working with Trauma. D. Knafo (Ed.).
  4. Krystal, H. (2004). Optimizing Affect Function in the Psychoanalytic Treatment of Trauma. In Living with Terror, Working with Trauma. D. Knafo (Ed.). Lanham, MD: Bowman and Littlefield.
  5. Luchterhand, E. (1980). Social Behavior of Concentration Camp Prisoners. In Survi- vors, Victims, and Perpetrators J.E. Dimsdale (Ed.), (pp. 113-126). New York: Hemisphere Publication Corp.
  6. Mastrepieri, D. (Ed.), (2003) Primate Psychology. Harvard University Press, Cam- bridge, MA
  7. McGrew, W.C., Marchant, L.F., & Nishida, T. (Eds.) (1996). Great Apes Societies. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  8. Troisi, A., (2003). Psychopathology. In: Mastrepieri, D. (Ed.), Primate Psychology. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. pp. 451-470.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Bradshaw, G. A., Capaldo, T., Lindner, L., & Grow, G.
Affiliations
  • Oregon State University (US)
  • New England Anti-Vivisection Society (US)
  • Fauna Foundation
Venue
Journal of Trauma & Dissociation
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2008-04-18
Volume
9
Issue
1
Pages
9-34
ISSN
  • 1529-9732 (ISSN-L)
  • 1529-9740
DOI
10.1080/15299730802073619
OpenAlex
W2030395493
Cited by
123
References
57
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 7
FWCI
7.72
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Trauma & Dissociation (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Human-Animal Interaction Studies
Keywords
complex PTSD, chimpanzees, animal sanctuaries, animal trauma, captivity, animal welfare, animal experimentation
MeSH terms
Animals, Behavior, Animal, Mental Disorders, Pan troglodytes, Disease Models, Animal, Dissociative Disorders, Female, Humans, Models, Psychological, Object Attachment, Social Support, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review