The relationship between ICD-11 PTSD, complex PTSD and dissociative experiences
Open accessAbstract
Debate exists in the trauma literature regarding the role of dissociation in traumatic stress disorders. With the release of the new ICD-11 diagnostic guideline for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD), this issue warrants further attention. In the current study, we provide a preliminary assessment of the associations between ICD-11 CPTSD and dissociative experiences. This study is based on a sample (N = 106) of highly traumatized clinical patients from the United Kingdom who completed measures of traumatic stress and dissociative experiences. The majority of participants met the diagnostic criteria for CPTSD (69.1%, n = 67), with few patients qualifying for a diagnosis of PTSD (9.3%, n = 9). Those with CPTSD had significantly higher levels of dissociative experiences compared to those with PTSD (Cohen’s d = 1.04) and those with no diagnosis (Cohen’s d = 1.44). Three CPTSD symptom clusters were multivariately associated with dissociation: Affective Dysregulation (β = .33), Re-experiencing in the here and now (β = .24), and Disturbed Relationships (β = .22). These findings indicate that dissociative experiences are particularly relevant for clinical patients with CPTSD. Future longitudinal work will be needed to determine if dissociation is a risk factor for, or outcome of, CPTSD.
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- Authors
- Hyland, P., Shevlin, M., Fyvie, C., Cloitre, M., & Karatzias, T.
- Affiliations
- National University of Ireland, Maynooth (IE)
- Ulster University, Derry-Londonderry Campus (GB)
- NHS Lothian (GB)
- National Center for PTSD Dissemination and Training Division, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Corresponding author
- Hyland, Philip
- Venue
- Journal of Trauma & Dissociation
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2019-10-04
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 62-72
- ISSN
- 1529-9732 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-9740
- OpenAlex
- W2963913983
- Cited by
- 113
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 11.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Journal of Trauma & Dissociation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Maynooth University ePrints and eTheses Archive (Maynooth University) (acceptedVersion)
- Edinburgh Napier Research Repository (Edinburgh Napier University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Research Output (Edinburgh Napier University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Ulster University Research Portal (Ulster University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- complex PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder, dissociation, dissociative experiences, ICD-11 diagnostic criteria, emotional dysregulation, re-experiencing, symptom clusters, trauma
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Dissociative Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Scotland, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, International Classification of Diseases
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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