THE DISSOCIATIVE SUBTYPE OF PTSD: A REPLICATION AND EXTENSION: Research Article: The Dissociative Subtype of PTSD
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BACKGROUND: The nature of the relationship between dissociation and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has clinical and nosological importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the evidence for a dissociative subtype of PTSD in two independent samples and to examine the pattern of personality disorder (PD) comorbidity associated with the dissociative subtype of PTSD. METHODS: Latent profile analyses were conducted on PTSD and dissociation items reflecting derealization and depersonalization in two samples of archived data: Study 1 included 360 male Vietnam War Veterans with combat-related PTSD; Study 2 included 284 female Veterans and active duty service personnel with PTSD and a high base rate of exposure to sexual trauma. RESULTS: The latent profile analysis yielded evidence for a three-class solution in both samples: the model was defined by moderate and high PTSD classes and a class marked by high PTSD severity coupled with high levels of dissociation. Approximately 15% of the male sample and 30% of the female sample were classified into the dissociative class. Women (but not men) in the dissociative group exhibited higher levels of comorbid avoidant and borderline PD diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS: Results provide support for a dissociative subtype of PTSD and also suggest that dissociation may play a role in the frequent co-occurrence of PTSD and borderline PD among women. These results are pertinent to the on-going revisions to the DSM and suggest that consideration should be given to incorporating a dissociative subtype into the revised PTSD criteria.
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PTSD and BPD appear distinct with regard to dissociation (i.e., transient reactions to extreme interpersonal distress in BPD versus chronic adaptation to fear related to poly-victimization in PTSD), except for possible overlap in some cases in which PTSD/D and BPD co-occur.
“Based on these findings, PTSD and BPD appear distinct with regard to dissociation (i.e., transient reactions to extreme interpersonal distress in BPD versus chronic adaptation to fear related to poly-victimization in PTSD), except for possible overlap in some cases in which PTSD/D and BPD co-occur [189].”
From Complex PTSD and borderline personality disorder (2021) · cites this paper as [189]
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn a study with military veterans and active duty personnel diagnosed with PTSD, women (but not men) who met criteria for PTSD/D were more likely to meet criteria for BPD (and also for avoidant personality disorder) than those with traditional PTSD.
“A study with military veterans and active duty personnel diagnosed with PTSD found that women (but not men) who met criteria for PTSD/D were more likely to meet criteria for BPD (and also for avoidant personality disorder) than those with traditional PTSD [189].”
From Complex PTSD and borderline personality disorder (2021) · cites this paper as [189]
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- Authors
- Wolf, E. J., Lunney, C. A., Miller, M. W., Resick, P. A., Friedman, M. J., & Schnurr, P. P.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- National Center for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (US)
- Dartmouth College (US)
- Corresponding author
- Schnurr, Paula P.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Depression and Anxiety
- Publisher
- Hindawi Limited
- Published
- 2012-05-25
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 679-688
- ISSN
- 1091-4269 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9178461
- OpenAlex
- W1755683523
- Cited by
- 198
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 23.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Depression and Anxiety (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Defense (CSP #494)
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (CDA-2-067-10S, CSP #494, I01 CX000431)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Keywords
- dissociative subtype of PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder, dissociation, derealization, depersonalization, personality disorder comorbidity, borderline personality disorder, avoidant personality disorder, combat-related PTSD, sexual trauma, Vietnam War veterans, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Borderline Personality Disorder, Combat Disorders, Depersonalization, Dissociative Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Sex Offenses, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Veterans, Reproducibility of Results, Comorbidity, Multivariate Analysis
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