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How autophagy both activates and inhibits cellular senescence
Open accessAbstract
Autophagy and cellular senescence are stress responses essential for homeostasis. While recent studies indicate a genetic relationship between autophagy and senescence, whether autophagy acts positively or negatively on senescence is still subject to debate. Although autophagy was originally recognized as a nonspecific lysosomal degradation pathway (general autophagy), increasing evidence supports a selective form of autophagy that mediates the degradation of specific targets (selective autophagy). Our recent study revealed distinctive roles of selective autophagy and general autophagy in the regulation of senescence, at least in part resolving apparently contradictory reports regarding the relationship between these 2 important homeostatic stress responses.
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“Senescent cells are generally characterized by increased lysosomal content occurring as a consequence of defective lysosomal turnover24 or of multi-faceted changes in autophagy25.”
From Algorithmic assessment of cellular senescence in experimental and clinical specimens (2021) · cites this paper as [25]
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“Moreover, a key regulator of the SASP, GATA4, whose degradation can be mediated by autophagic receptor protein SQSTM1/p62, would accumulate by escaping from autophagic inhibition through decreased interaction between GATA4 and SQSTM1, and eventually initiate the SASP by activating NF-κB (Kang and Elledge, 2016).”
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“Despite recent work has warned that autophagy might play both anti-senescence and pro-senescence roles, in a context specific manner [28,29], in most cases autophagy plays cell protective and anti-inflammatory effects, provided the functionality of downstream autophagic flux.”
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Cellular senescence in the aging brain: A promising target for neurodegenerative diseases
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“Because of autophagy could both activate and inhibit cellular senescence [145], which probably causing the opposite results about the role of RTECs autophagy in renal fibrosis in different mouse model.”
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“Autophagy inhibits MSC senescence and promotes it by regulating rapamycin, optineurin, and p53 [69].”
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The Jekyll and Hyde of Cellular Senescence in Cancer
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“Autophagy maintains overall cellular proteo-stasis and is directly involved in the decomposition of damaged, possibly toxic organelles and harmful protein aggregates, eliminating and recycling cytoplasmic waste that accumulates with aging (Kang and Elledge et al. 2016; Kim et al. 2021).”
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Alveolar type 2 epithelial cell senescence and radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis
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“SASP develops gradually, triggering chronic inflammation and loss of tissue function, culminating in AT2 cell senescence and lung fibrosis (Kuilman et al., 2010; Kang and Elledge 2016; Liu et al., 2021).”
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“Similar to senescence, autophagy is stimulated by radiation, chemotherapy, telomere shortening, and oncogene activation, shares some common features, and serves similar cytoprotective roles (80, 81).”
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“Indeed, the process of autophagy seems to both activates and inhibits cellular senescence (144), and chronic inhibition of autophagy appears to increase permanently the risk of cancer (145).”
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BackgroundConnecting chaperone-mediated autophagy dysfunction to cellular senescence
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“Expression of IL1a can activate the c/EBPb and NFkΒ pathways, which cooperatively regulate SASP components in various senescence contexts (Acosta et al., 2013, Kang et al., 2015, Kuilman et al., 2008), resulting in induction of the SASP.”
BackgroundAge-Related Lysosomal Dysfunctions
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Overexpression of Banana ATG8f Modulates Drought Stress Resistance in Arabidopsis
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“Although the role of autophagy in senescence is debated (Kang & Elledge, 2016), autophagy has been shown to play an important role in the survival of senescent HDF generated by UVB irradiation (Cavinato et al., 2016).”
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To target cellular senescence in diabetic kidney disease: the known and the unknown
Wei, Y., Mou, S., Yang, Q., Liu, F., Cooper, M. E., & Chai, Z. (2024) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20240717 · Cited by 41
“Autophagy inhibition can either delay or promote cellular senescence, depending on cell type, senescence stimulus used, and the timing and duration of autophagy inhibition [101,102].”
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RSL1D1 promotes the progression of colorectal cancer through RAN-mediated autophagy suppression
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Is cellular senescence involved in cystic fibrosis?
Bezzerri, V., Piacenza, F., Caporelli, N., Malavolta, M., Provinciali, M., & Cipolli, M. (2019) · Respiratory Research · doi:10.1186/s12931-019-0993-2 · Cited by 31
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Chondrocyte autophagy mechanism and therapeutic prospects in osteoarthritis
Li, L., Li, J., Li, J., Zhou, H., Zhu, X., Zhang, P., Huang, B., Zhao, W.-T., Zhao, X., & Chen, E. (2024) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2024.1472613 · Cited by 29
Coroglaucigenin induces senescence and autophagy in colorectal cancer cells
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DNA damage response and GATA4 signaling in cellular senescence and aging-related pathology
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“However, its role in cell senescence is still under discussion (Kuilman et al., 2010; Gewirtz, 2013; Kang and Elledge, 2016).”
Backgroundc-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling in cellular senescence
Deng, Y., Adam, V., Nepovimová, E., Heger, Z., Valko, M., Wu, Q., Wei, W., & Kuča, K. (2023) · Archives of Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00204-023-03540-1 · Cited by 29
“It exists in various physiological states of the 1 3 body and is closely related to cellular senescence (Kang and Elledge 2016; Ma et al.”
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“In the cisplatin group [30,31], p62 interacted with LC3, and its level decreased because of decomposition via the production of autophagosomes [32].”
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“52 (5) Pyroptosis is a newly discovered mode of programmed cell death, characterized by the continuous expansion of cells until cell membrane rupture, leading to the release of cell contents and then activating a strong inflammatory reaction.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Kang, C., & Elledge, S. J.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Elledge, Stephen J.
- Venue
- Autophagy
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2016-04-29
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 898-899
- ISSN
- 1554-8627 (ISSN-L)
- 1554-8635
- PMC
- PMC4854549
- OpenAlex
- W2344541663
- Cited by
- 228
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 9
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Autophagy (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Keywords
- cellular senescence, selective autophagy, lysosomal degradation, senescence regulation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Autophagy, DNA Damage, Humans, Lysosomes, Phenotype, Cellular Senescence, GATA4 Transcription Factor
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