Cited by 188Epigenetics and DNA MethylationAir Quality and Health ImpactsHealth, Environment, Cognitive Aging

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Placental mitochondrial methylation and exposure to airborne particulate matter in the early life environment: An ENVIR ON AGE birth cohort study

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Abstract

Most research to date has focused on epigenetic modifications in the nuclear genome, with little attention devoted to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Placental mtDNA content has been shown to respond to environmental exposures that induce oxidative stress, including airborne particulate matter (PM). Damaged or non-functioning mitochondria are specifically degraded through mitophagy, exemplified by lower mtDNA content, and could be primed by epigenetic modifications in the mtDNA. We studied placental mtDNA methylation in the context of the early life exposome. We investigated placental tissue from 381 mother-newborn pairs that were enrolled in the ENVIRONAGE birth cohort. We determined mtDNA methylation by bisulfite-pyrosequencing in 2 regions, i.e., the D-loop control region and 12S rRNA (MT-RNR1), and measured mtDNA content by qPCR. PM2.5 exposure was calculated for each participant's home address using a dispersion model. An interquartile range (IQR) increment in PM2.5 exposure over the entire pregnancy was positively associated with mtDNA methylation (MT-RNR1: +0.91%, P = 0.01 and D-loop: +0.21%, P = 0.05) and inversely associated with mtDNA content (relative change of -15.60%, P = 0.001) in placental tissue. mtDNA methylation was estimated to mediate 54% [P = 0.01 (MT-RNR1)] and 27% [P = 0.06 (D-loop)] of the inverse association between PM2.5 exposure and mtDNA content. This study provides new insight into the mechanisms of altered mitochondrial function in the early life environment. Epigenetic modifications in the mitochondrial genome, especially in the MT-RNR1 region, substantially mediate the association between PM2.5 exposure during gestation and placental mtDNA content, which could reflect signs of mitophagy and mitochondrial death.

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Crossref · 10.1080/15592294.2015.1048412

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Figures

Figure 1. Location of mitochondrial targets in the human mitochondrial genome. The double stranded, circular mtDNA (16569 bp) contains 37 genes, specifying 13 polypeptides (blue boxes), 2 rRNAs, i.e., 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA (orange boxes), and 22 tRNAs (yellow boxes). The single letter codon associated with the yellow box refers to the amino acid. The D-loop region (green box) contains the origin of replication and is the place where promoters initiate transcription of the H-strand. The target location for DNA methylation analysis in the D-loop and MT-RNR1 region are denoted by the black arcs, with magnified pyrograms. The red arcs depict the targets for mtDNA content analysis (MTF3212/R3319 and ND1). NADH dehydrogenase (ND); Cytochrome c oxidase (COX); F1F0-ATP synthase (ATPase); Cytochrome b (Cyt b).
Figure 1. Location of mitochondrial targets in the human mitochondrial genome. The double stranded, circular mtDNA (16569 bp) contains 37 genes, specifying 13 polypeptides (blue boxes), 2 rRNAs, i.e., 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA (orange boxes), and 22 tRNAs (yellow boxes). The single letter codon associated with the yellow box refers to the amino acid. The D-loop region (green box) contains the origin of replication and is the place where promoters initiate transcription of the H-strand. The target location for DNA methylation analysis in the D-loop and MT-RNR1 region are denoted by the black arcs, with magnified pyrograms. The red arcs depict the targets for mtDNA content analysis (MTF3212/R3319 and ND1). NADH dehydrogenase (ND); Cytochrome c oxidase (COX); F1F0-ATP synthase (ATPase); Cytochrome b (Cyt b).CC BY-NC · PubMed Central
Figure 2. Correlation of mtDNA methylation and mtDNA content in placental tissue. Placental mtDNA content is log10-transformed. Methylation levels are indicated as absolute percentage levels. (A) MT-RNR1 methylation levels. (B) D-loop methylation levels.
Figure 2. Correlation of mtDNA methylation and mtDNA content in placental tissue. Placental mtDNA content is log10-transformed. Methylation levels are indicated as absolute percentage levels. (A) MT-RNR1 methylation levels. (B) D-loop methylation levels.CC BY-NC · PubMed Central
Figure 3. Estimated proportion of effects of PM2.5 exposure during gestation on mtDNA content mediated through changes in mtDNA methylation. The figure displays placental mtDNA methylation as mediator [(A) MT-RNR1; (B) D-loop], the estimates of indirect effect (IE), the estimates of the direct effect (DE), and proportion of mediation (IE/DE+IE). The effects are relative changes in placental mtDNA content for an IQR increment of PM2.5 exposure. The mediation model was adjusted for gender, age, gestational age, smoking, maternal education, parity, ethnicity, and season at conception.
Figure 3. Estimated proportion of effects of PM2.5 exposure during gestation on mtDNA content mediated through changes in mtDNA methylation. The figure displays placental mtDNA methylation as mediator [(A) MT-RNR1; (B) D-loop], the estimates of indirect effect (IE), the estimates of the direct effect (DE), and proportion of mediation (IE/DE+IE). The effects are relative changes in placental mtDNA content for an IQR increment of PM2.5 exposure. The mediation model was adjusted for gender, age, gestational age, smoking, maternal education, parity, ethnicity, and season at conception.CC BY-NC · PubMed Central

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Chistiakov DA, 2014, BioMed Res Int, 2014, Article ID 2384
  2. Feng S, 2012, Mol Med Rep, 6, 125

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Metadata

Authors
Janssen, B. G., Byun, H.-M., Gyselaers, W., Lefebvre, W., Baccarelli, A. A., & Nawrot, T. S.
Affiliations
  • Hasselt University (BE)
  • Harvard University (US)
  • Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg (BE)
  • Flemish Institute for Technological Research (BE)
Corresponding author
Nawrot, Tim S
Venue
Epigenetics
Published
2015-05-21
Volume
10
Issue
6
Pages
536-544
ISSN
  • 1559-2294 (ISSN-L)
  • 1559-2308
OpenAlex
W1828742533
Cited by
187
References
45
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 2
FWCI
9.40
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by-nc
Locations
  • Epigenetics (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Document Server@UHasselt (UHasselt) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • Lirias (submittedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R21ES022694, R01ES021733, R01ES021357)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging
Keywords
PM2.5 exposure, airborne particulate matter, mtDNA content, mitophagy, MT-RNR1, D-loop, oxidative stress, ENVIRONAGE birth cohort, mediation analysis
MeSH terms
Environmental Exposure, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Male, Mitochondria, Placenta, Pregnancy, RNA, Ribosomal, Oxidative Stress, DNA Methylation, Epigenesis, Genetic, Particulate Matter, Genome, Mitochondrial

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