Deficits in perceived social support associated with generalized social phobia
Abstract
Social phobia is a common anxiety disorder associated with significant impairment in social and occupational functioning. To date, few studies have examined the relationship between social phobia and perceived social support, a construct with important relationships to physical and mental health. The present study examined data from 2 widely used measures of perceived social support administered to 132 individuals with DSM-IV generalized social phobia. These data were compared with those obtained from a healthy control group and from several clinical and non-clinical samples reported in the literature. Persons with generalized social phobia scored significantly lower on both measures of social support compared with all other groups. It is suggested that deficits in perceived social support associated with generalized social phobia may play a role in the development of co-morbid problems and should be explicitly targeted by treatments for social phobia. Low correlations between perceived social support and social anxiety measures suggest that perceived support should be specifically evaluated in this population.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Fewer studies have demonstrated relations between perceived social support and anxiety, but observed effects parallel findings with depression.
“Fewer studies have demonstrated these relations with anxiety as well, but the observed effects parallel the findings with depression.16–20”
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,841 · see citing works
The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support
Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa5201_2 · Cited by 13,339 · see citing works
Kessler, R. C. (1994) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950010008002 · Cited by 12,370 · see citing works
Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: Twenty-five years of evaluation
Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Carbin, M. G. (1988) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/0272-7358(88)90050-5 · Cited by 11,696 · see citing works
Mattick, R. P., & Clarke, J. C. (1998) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(97)10031-6 · Cited by 3,367 · see citing works
Assessing social support: The Social Support Questionnaire.
Sarason, I. G., Levine, H. M., Basham, R. B., & Sarason, B. R. (1983) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.44.1.127 · Cited by 3,067 · see citing works
A Brief Measure of Social Support: Practical and Theoretical Implications
Sarason, I. G., Sarason, B. R., Shearin, E. N., & Pierce, G. R. (1987) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407587044007 · Cited by 1,977 · see citing works
Depression and the response of others.
Coyne, J. C. (1976) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.85.2.186 · Cited by 1,464 · see citing works
Schneier (1992) · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820040034004 · Cited by 1,142 · see citing works
Turner, S. M., Beidel, D. C., Dancu, C. V., & Stanley, M. A. (1989) · Psychological Assessment: A Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.1.1.35 · Cited by 887 · see citing works
Interrelations of social support measures: Theoretical and practical implications.
Sarason, B. R., Shearin, E. N., Pierce, G. R., & Sarason, I. G. (1987) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.52.4.813 · Cited by 546 · see citing works
Social phobia and interpretation of social events
Stopa, L. L., & Clark, D. M. (2000) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(99)00043-1 · Cited by 505 · see citing works
Cambridge University Press, 1696–1712
McKenzie, D. F. (2010) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139197380 · Cited by 457 · see citing works
Life events, Social support and depression
Paykel, E. S. (1994) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb05803.x · Cited by 421 · see citing works
Meta-analysis of cognitive-behavioral treatments for social phobia
Taylor, S. J. (1996) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0005-7916(95)00058-5 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Social phobia in the general population: prevalence and sociodemographic profile
Furmark, T., Tillfors, M., Everz, P.-O., Marteinsdóttir, Í., Gefvert, O., & Fredrikson, M. (1999) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s001270050163 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Close personal relationships and health outcomes: A key to the role of social support.
Sarason, B. R., Sarason, I. G., & Gurung, R. A. R. (2001) · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Alternative models of the stress buffering hypothesis
Landerman, R., George, L. K., Campbell, R. T., & Blazer, D. G. (1989) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf00922639 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Zimmerman, M. A., & Zahniser, J. H. (1991) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/1520-6629(199104)19:2 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Social Phobia Symptoms, Subtypes, and Severity: Findings From a Community Survey
Stein, M. B., Torgrud, L. J., & Walker, J. R. (2000) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.57.11.1046 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Traditional views of social support and their impact on assessment.
Sarason, B. R., Sarason, I. G., & Pierce, G. R. (1990) · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Effects of induced mood on self-reported life events and perceived and received social support.
Cohen, L. H., Towbes, L. C., & Flocco, R. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.55.4.669 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Davidson, J. R. T. (1994) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950120047008 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
The impact of social phobia on quality of life
Wittchen, H. U., & Beloch, E. (1996) · International Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/00004850-199606003-00004 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Kaplan, R. M., & Hartwell, S. L. (1987) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.6.5.387 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Social support and pain behavior
Gil, K. M., Keefe, F. J., Crisson, J. E., & Dalfsen, P. V. (1987) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(87)91037-2 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
The American Psychological Association
(1952) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1952.tb00999.x · Cited by 109 · see citing works
A preventive, psychoeducational approach to increase perceived social support
BRAND, E., Lakey, B., & Berman, S. (1995) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf02506925 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Turner, R. J. (1999) · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Cheng, S. K. W., Chong, G. H.-C., & Wong, C. W. (1999) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4679(199909)55:9 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Stress, social support and fear of disclosure
Forbes, A., & Roger, D. (1999) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1348/135910799168551 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-criticism in generalized social phobia and response to cognitive-behavioral treatment
Cox, B. J., Walker, J. R., Enns, M. W., & Karpinski, D. C. (2002) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(02)80012-0 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Social support and psychological disorder: Insights from social psychology.
Rhodes, G. L., & Lakey, B. (2004) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10320-010 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Quality of life in anxiety and social phobia
Bech, P., & Angst, J. (1996) · International Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/00004850-199606003-00016 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Comorbidity and social phobia: clinical and epidemiological issues.
Lépine, J., & Pélissolo, A. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Thevos, A. K., Thomas, S. E., & Randall, C. L. (1999) · Substance Abuse · doi:10.1080/08897079909511399 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Predictors of Coping Strategies among Adults with Cancer
Behen, J. M., & Rodrigue, J. R. (1994) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1994.74.1.43 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
What's in a name? The MMPI-2 PTSD scales
Miller, H. R., Goldberg, J. O., & Streiner, D. L. (1995) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/1097-4679(199509)51:5 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Dahlem (1991) · doi:10.1002/1097-4679(199111)47:6
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 40 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Quality of life in the anxiety disorders: a meta-analytic review
Olatunji, B. O., Cisler, J. M., & Tolin, D. F. (2007) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2007.01.015 · Cited by 808 · see citing works
Dour, H. J., Wiley, J. F., Roy-Byrne, P., Stein, M. B., Sullivan, G., Sherbourne, C. D., Bystritsky, A., Rose, R. D., & Craske, M. G. (2014) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22216 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Social functioning in patients with depressive and anxiety disorders
Saris, I. M. J., Aghajani, M., van der Werff, S. J. A., van der Wee, N. J. A., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2017) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12774 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Horan, W. P., Brown, S. A., & Blanchard, J. J. (2006) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2006.06.002 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Social phobia and perceived friendship quality
Rodebaugh, T. L. (2009) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.05.001 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Jacobson, N. C., Lord, K. A., & Newman, M. G. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.011 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Social anxiety and self-protective communication style in close relationships
Cuming, S., & Rapee, R. M. (2010) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.09.010 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Barnett, M. D., Maciel, I. V., Johnson, D. M., & Ciepluch, I. (2020) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/0033294119900975 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Buckner, J. D., & Turner, R. J. (2008) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.09.018 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Is the Influence of Social Support on Mental Health the Same for Immigrants and Non-Immigrants?
Puyat, J. H. (2012) · Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health · doi:10.1007/s10903-012-9658-7 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Social context and the real-world consequences of social anxiety
Hur, J., DeYoung, K. A., Islam, S., Anderson, A. S., Barstead, M. G., & Shackman, A. J. (2020) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291719002022 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Rapee, R. M., Peters, L., Carpenter, L., & Gaston, J. E. (2015) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.03.012 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Social Anxiety and Social Support in Romantic Relationships
Porter, E., & Chambless, D. L. (2016) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2016.12.002 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Hiding the Self and Social Anxiety: The Core Extrusion Schema Measure
Rodebaugh, T. (2009) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-007-9143-0 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Online gaming in the context of social anxiety.
Lee, B. W., & Leeson, P. (2015) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/adb0000070 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Shying Away From a Good Thing: Social Anxiety in Romantic Relationships
Porter, E., & Chambless, D. L. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22048 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Weik, U., Maroof, P., Zöller, C., & Deinzer, R. (2010) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2010.08.018 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Social anxiety and alcohol-related impairment: The mediational impact of solitary drinking
Buckner, J. D., & Terlecki, M. A. (2016) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.02.006 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Hong, J., Hwang, M., Hsu, C.-H., Tai, K., & Kuo, Y.-C. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.02.019 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Dutt, K., & Webber, M. (2009) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764009106415 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Does alexithymia expose to mental disorder symptoms in late adolescence? A 4-year follow-up study
Karukivi, M., Vahlberg, T. J., Pölönen, T., Filppu, T., & Saarijãrvi, S. (2014) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2014.09.012 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Stapinski, L. A., Rapee, R. M., Sannibale, C., Teesson, M., Haber, P., & Baillie, A. (2014) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2014.05.004 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Recovery from Mental Illness: A Service User Perspective on Facilitators and Barriers
Petersen, K. S., Friis, V. S., Haxholm, B. L., Nielsen, C. V., & Wind, G. (2014) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-014-9779-7 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Gender Dysphoria and Social Anxiety: An Exploratory Study in Spain
Bergero-Miguel, T., García-Encinas, M. A., Villena, A., Pérez-Costillas, L., Sánchez‐Álvarez, N., de Diego‐Otero, Y., & Parra, J. G. (2016) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.05.009 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Fergus, T. A., Valentiner, D. P., Kim, H.-S., & Stephenson, K. (2008) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-008-9214-x · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Differences in suicide risk severity among suicidal youth with anxiety disorders
Herres, J., Shearer, A., Kodish, T., Kim, B., Wang, S. B., & Diamond, G. S. (2019) · Crisis · doi:10.1027/0227-5910/a000571 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Social Anxiety Disorder and Social Support Behavior in Friendships
Piccirillo, M. L., Lim, M. H., Fernandez, K. C., Pasch, L. A., & Rodebaugh, T. L. (2020) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2020.09.003 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Stewart, R. A., Patel, T. A., McDermott, K. A., & Cougle, J. R. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.026 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Rodebaugh, T. L., Klein, S. R., Yarkoni, T., & Langer, J. (2010) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.11.006 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Marques, L., Weingarden, H., LeBlanc, N., Siev, J., & Wilhelm, S. (2011) · Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria · doi:10.1590/s1516-44462011000300006 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Afram, A., & Kashdan, T. B. (2015) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2015.04.003 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Conceptualizing Perceived Organizational Support: A Theoretical Perspective
Ahmed, I., Ismail, W. K. W., Amin, S. B. M., & Ramzan, M. (2011) · AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Vidal, C., Silverman, J. R., Petrillo, E. K., & Lilly, F. R. W. (2019) · The Social Science Journal · doi:10.1016/j.soscij.2019.08.008 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Weik, U., Kuepper, Y., Hennig, J., & Deinzer, R. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0060433 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Social anxiety and interpersonal risk for suicidal ideation: A longitudinal daily diary analysis
Brown, B. A., Rottenberg, J. A., & Goodman, F. R. (2023) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.12996 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Wang, S., Wu, T., Liu, J., & Guan, W. (2023) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2023.102310 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Romantic Relationships: Do Socially Anxious Individuals Benefit?
Gordon, E. A., Heimberg, R. G., Montesi, J. L., & Fauber, R. L. (2012) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2012.656275 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Casey, K., King, R. M., Banner, J., & Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz, M. (2022) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638237.2022.2091755 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The Relationship of Study Addiction with Social Support and Satisfaction with Intimate Relationships
Godzwon, J. M., Wielewska, M. K., & Atroszko, P. A. (2022) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-022-00874-2 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Santos, M. A. S., Ramos, A. G., de Sousa, T. C., & de Medeiros, R. A. (2022) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-022-04743-z · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Wang, S., Li, J., Li, Y.-B., Xia, Y., Gong, Y., & Mao, F.-Q. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1116650 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Piejka, A., Thayer, J. F., & Okruszek, Ł. (2024) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.14622 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Cardiovascular Responses to Social Stress Elicited by the Cyberball Task
Eres, R., Bolton, I., Lim, M. H., Lambert, G. W., & Lambert, É. (2021) · Heart and Mind · doi:10.4103/hm.hm_31_21 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
A Genetic Epidemiologic Study of Social Support in a Chinese Sample
Ji, W.-Y., Hu, Y., Huang, Y., Cao, W., Lu, J., Qin, Y., Peng, Z.-C., Wang, S., & Lee, L.-M. (2008) · Twin Research and Human Genetics · doi:10.1375/twin.11.1.55 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Evidencias de validez de la versión en español del Inventario de Fobia Social (SPIN)
Bravo, M. A., Betanzos, F. G., Navarro, Á. C., & Blázquez, F. P. (2017) · Universitas Psychologica · doi:10.11144/javeriana.upsy16-2.evvi · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Marques, L. M., Weingarden, H. M., LeBlanc, N. J., Siev, J., & Wilhelm, S. (2011) · Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1590/s1516-44462011005000010 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Acute and chronic physiological consequences of social rejection
Jin, E. S., & Josephs, R. A. (2016) · doi:10.4324/9781315308470-11 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Time-trajectories of depression, social anxiety, and social functioning throughout college
Birg, J. A., Loftus, P., Tennen, H. A., Armeli, S., & Goodman, F. R. (2025) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/02654075251325427 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Lee, S., Gon, K. S., Kim, S. H., Park, S.-H., Seo, E. H., & Yoon, H. (2020) · Anxiety and Mood · doi:10.24986/anxmod.2020.16.2.006 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Kim, S., & Park, J. H. (2023) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.107238 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Bravo, M. A., Betanzos, F. G., Navarro, Á. C., & Blázquez, F. P. (2015) · Acta Colombiana de Psicología · doi:10.14718/acp.2015.18.1.7 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Social Anxiety and Depression in Romantic Relationships: A Three-Sample Exploration.
Hahn, C., Hahn, I., & Campbell, L. (2021) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2021.40.3.175 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The impact of social support on the quality of life of the elderly from rural areas
Despotović, M., Ristić, D. I., Sbutega-Milosevic, G., Despotović, M., & Antic, L. G. (2019) · Medicinski casopis · doi:10.5937/mckg53-24672 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Social Support and Health Anxiety during COVID-19 Pandemic
Hou, S. (2022) · Psychology Research and Practice · doi:10.37155/2972-3086-0101-3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Aguocha, C., & Uwakwe, K. (2023) · Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_312_21 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Effect of Social Anxiety on Social Support Behavior in Close Friendships
Piccirillo, M. L. (2016) · Open Scholarship Institutional Repository (Washington University in St. Louis) · doi:10.7936/k7rj4gwj · Cited by 1 · see citing works
AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF SOCIAL SUPPORT FOR HEALTH-RELATED PURPOSES ON WEIBO IN CHINA
Chen, C. (2013) · UKnowledge (University of Kentucky)
Relationship Between Indirect Aggression And Social Anxiety In A College Sample
Kusy, J. A. (2011) · The Keep (Eastern Illinois University)
Äyräväinen, I. (2008) · Jyväskylä University Digital Archive (University of Jyväskylä)
Mediating effect of identification of avatar: social phobia, depression and IGD’s symptoms
Pang, I. C. Y., Lam, K. W., & Nah, Z. Y. (2019)
Hahn, C. (2019) · Scholarship@Western (Western University)
Impact of Social Anxiety on Assertiveness: Role of Gender
Hayat, U., Zahra, K., Palwasha, A. U. S., Khan, K., Ahmad, M., & Iqbal, A. (2024) · Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE) · doi:10.61506/01.00132 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Social anxiety disorder in Canada: sociodemographic and psychosocial correlates
Chau, T.-L. N., Oliver, S., & Fuller‐Thomson, E. (2026) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2026.117252 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Torgrud, L. J., Walker, J. R., Murray, L., Cox, B. J., Chartier, M., & Kjernisted, K. D.
- Affiliations
- St. Boniface Hospital (CA)
- University of Manitoba (CA)
- Venue
- Cognitive Behaviour Therapy
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2004-06
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 87-96
- ISSN
- 1650-6073 (ISSN-L)
- 1651-2316
- OpenAlex
- W2069281391
- Cited by
- 66
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- generalized social phobia, perceived social support, social anxiety, anxiety disorders, comorbidities, social functioning, social support measures
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Phobic Disorders, Social Perception, Social Support, Case-Control Studies
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review