An empirically derived inventory to measure social fears and anxiety: The Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory.
Abstract
The development, reliability, and discriminative ability of a new instrument to assess social phobia are presented. The Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory (SPAI) is an empirically derived instrument incorporating responses from the cognitive, somatic, and behavioral dimensions of social fear. The SPAI has high lest-retest reliability and good internal consistency. The instrument appears to be sensitive to the entire continuum of socially anxious concerns and is capable of differentiating social phobics from normal controls as well as from other anxiety patients. The utility of this instrument for improved assessment of social phobia and anxiety and its use as an aid for treatment planning are discussed. Social phobia is perhaps the least understood and the least researched of the anxiety disorders. Although there are several scales available to measure social anxiety, most were constructed prior to publication of the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-lII; American Psychiatric Association, 1980), where the diagnostic criteria for social phobia were first introduced. Because social anxiety is experienced by individuals with many psychiatric disorders as well as by normals, these scales may not be specific to social phobia. Preparation of an instrument designed more specifically to assess social phobia requires consideration of several issues, including the critical features of the disorder, its cognitive, physiological, and behavio…
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The SPAI has demonstrated good psychometric properties, with current Cronbach's α = .98.
“Self-report SAD symptoms were assessed with the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory (SPAI; Turner, Beidel, Dancu, & Stanley, 1989), which also has demonstrated good psychometric properties (Beidel, Borden, Turner, & Jacob, 1989; current Cronbach’s α = .98).”
From An Integrated, Acceptance-Based Behavioral Approach for Depression With Social Anxiety: Preliminary Results (2014) · cites this paper as Turner, Beidel, Dancu, & Stanley, 1989
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- Authors
- Turner, S. M., Beidel, D. C., Dancu, C. V., & Stanley, M. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Venue
- Psychological Assessment: A Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
- Published
- 1989-03
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 35-40
- ISSN
- 1040-3590 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-134X
- OpenAlex
- W1998258494
- Cited by
- 887
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 46 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 45
- FWCI
- 10.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Assessment (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- social anxiety disorder, social anxiety, psychometric properties, reliability statistics, discriminant validity, somatic symptoms, disease severity assessment, treatment planning
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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