Differences in suicide risk severity among suicidal youth with anxiety disorders
Abstract
Abstract. Background: Adolescent suicidality is a growing public health concern. Although evidence supports a link between anxiety and suicidality, little is known about risk associated with specific anxiety disorders. Aims: This study examined the prevalence of anxiety disorders in a sample of adolescents with depression and suicidal ideation and the associations between specific anxiety disorders and suicide ideation severity and attempt history. Method: The sample consisted of 115 adolescents ( Mage = 14.96 years; 55.8% African American) entering a clinical trial for suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms. Prior to treatment, adolescents completed self-report and interview measures. Results: In all, 48% of the sample met criteria for an anxiety disorder, 22% met criteria for social anxiety disorder (SAD), and 40% met criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD). SAD was uniquely associated with more severe suicidal ideation. Limitations: Findings may not generalize to all suicidal adolescents, and non-measured variables may account for the observed relationships. Conclusion: Future research should examine whether targeting social anxiety would improve treatment response for suicidal adolescents.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
SI and attempts in SAD are more pronounced in incidence and severity, irrespective of comorbid depression.
“Furthermore, SI and attempts in SAD are more pronounced in incidence and severity, irrespective of comorbid depression (Herres et al., 2019).”
From Can dialectical behavior therapy skills group treat social anxiety disorder? A brief integrative review (2024) · cites this paper as Herres et al., 2019
Cites
Posner, K., Brown, G. K., Stanley, B., Brent, D. A., Yershova, K. V., Oquendo, M. A., Currier, G. W., Melvin, G. A., Greenhill, L., Shen, S., et al. (2011) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.10111704 · Cited by 5,157 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The C-SSRS (Posner et al., 2011) is a clinical interview that assesses suicidal ideation and behavior.”
SHAFFER, D., FISHER, P., LUCAS, C. P., DULCAN, M. K., & SCHWAB-STONE, M. E. (2000) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200001000-00014 · Cited by 3,505 · see citing works
Kessler, R. C., Petukhova, M., Sampson, N. A., Zaslavsky, A. M., & Wittchen, H. (2012) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.1359 · Cited by 2,947 · see citing works
Nock, M. K., Green, J. G., Hwang, I., McLaughlin, K. A., Sampson, N. A., Zaslavsky, A. M., & Kessler, R. C. (2013) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/2013.jamapsychiatry.55 · Cited by 1,666 · see citing works
Risk factors for suicide in psychiatric outpatients: A 20-year prospective study.
Brown, G. K., Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Grisham, J. R. (2000) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.68.3.371 · Cited by 1,317 · see citing works
Psychiatric Risk Factors for Adolescent Suicide: A Case-Control Study
Brent, D. A., Perper, J. A., MORITZ, G., ALLMAN, C., FRIEND, A., ROTH, C., SCHWEERS, J., BALACH, L., & BAUGHER, M. (1993) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199305000-00006 · Cited by 863 · see citing works
Sareen, J., Cox, B. J., Afifi, T. O., de Graaf, R., Asmundson, G. J. G., ten Have, M., & Stein, M. B. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.11.1249 · Cited by 824 · see citing works
Psychopathology Associated With Suicidal Ideation and Attempts Among Children and Adolescents
GOULD, M. S., KING, R., GREENWALD, S., FISHER, P., SCHWAB-STONE, M., KRAMER, R., FLISHER, A. J., GOODMAN, S., CANINO, G., & SHAFFER, D. (1998) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199809000-00011 · Cited by 600 · see citing works
Measurement of emotion dysregulation in adolescents
Weinberg, A., & Klonsky, E. D. (2009) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/a0016669 · Cited by 477 · see citing works
Bentley, K. H., Franklin, J. C., Ribeiro, J. D., Kleiman, E. M., Fox, K. R., & Nock, M. K. (2016) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.11.008 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
Emotion regulation and anxiety disorders
Amstadter, A. (2008) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2007.02.004 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
Nepon, J., Belik, S.-L., Bolton, J., & Sareen, J. (2010) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20674 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Reynolds, W. M., & Mazza, J. J. (1999) · School Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/02796015.1999.12085945 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempts in Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Phillips, K. A., Coles, M. E., Menard, W. E., Yen, S., Fay, C., & Weisberg, R. B. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v66n0607 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Kanwar, A., Malik, S., Prokop, L. J., Sim, L. A., Feldstein, D., Wang, Z., & Murad, M. H. (2013) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22074 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Anxiety disorders and suicidality in the National Comorbidity Survey-Replication
Cougle, J. R., Keough, M. E., Riccardi, C. J., & Sachs-Ericsson, N. (2009) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2008.12.004 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Reasons for Adolescent Suicide Attempts: Associations With Psychological Functioning
Boergers, J., Spirito, A., & Donaldson, D. L. (1998) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199812000-00012 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Emotion dysregulation and vulnerability to suicidal ideation and attempts
Rajappa, K., Gallagher, M., & Miranda, R. (2012) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-011-9419-2 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Boden, J. M., Fergusson, D. M., & Horwood, L. J. (2006) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291706009147 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Gallagher, M., Prinstein, M. J., Simon, V., & Spirito, A. (2014) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-013-9844-7 · Cited by 162 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Youth with SAD are likely to experience particular problems forming and maintaining interpersonal relationships, which may lead to feelings of loneliness and a poor sense of belonging (Gallagher et al., 2014).”
BackgroundInterpersonal suicide risk and ideation: the influence of depression and social anxiety
Davidson, C. L., Wingate, L. R., Grant, D. M., Judah, M. R., & Mills, A. C. (2011) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2011.30.8.842 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Kaplow, J. B., Gipson, P. Y., Horwitz, A. G., Burch, B., & King, C. A. (2013) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-013-0367-9 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
O’Brien, K. H. M., Becker, S. J., Spirito, A., Simon, V. A., & Prinstein, M. J. (2013) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.12050 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Can Cannabis Increase the Suicide Risk in Psychosis? A Critical Review
Serafini, G., Pompili, M., Innamorati, M., Rihmer, Z., Sher, L., & Girardi, P. (2012) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/138161212802884663 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Child Anxiety Confers Long-Term Protection From Suicidality
Wolk, C. B., Kendall, P. C., & Beidas, R. S. (2014) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2014.12.004 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Specificity of emotion regulation deficits in social anxiety: An internet study
Rusch, S., Westermann, S., & Lincoln, T. M. (2011) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.2011.02029.x · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Bullying, Depression, and Suicide Risk in a Pediatric Primary Care Sample
Kodish, T., Herres, J. L., Shearer, A., Atte, T., Fein, J. A., & Diamond, G. S. (2016) · Crisis · doi:10.1027/0227-5910/a000378 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationDeficits in perceived social support associated with generalized social phobia
Torgrud, L. J., Walker, J. R., Murray, L., Cox, B. J., Chartier, M., & Kjernisted, K. D. (2004) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506070410029577 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Youthful Suicide and Social Support
Winfree, L. T., & Jiang, S. (2009) · Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice · doi:10.1177/1541204009338252 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Suicidal Ideation in Anxiety‐Disordered Youth
O’Neil, K. A., Puleo, C. M., Wolk, C. B., Podell, J. L., & Kendall, P. C. (2012) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1943-278x.2012.00091.x · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Anxiety Disorders in Suicidal Youth
Strauss, J., Birmaher, B. B., Bridge, J. A., Axelson, D., Chiappetta, L., Brent, D. A., & Ryan, N. D. (2000) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674370004500807 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Individuals at high risk for suicide are categorically distinct from those at low risk.
Witte, T. K., Holm‐Denoma, J. M., Zuromski, K. L., Gauthier, J. M., & Ruscio, J. (2016) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0000349 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Devenish, B. D., Berk, L., & Lewis, A. J. (2016) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867415627374 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Raposo, S., El-Gabalawy, R. M., ERICKSON, J. D., Mackenzie, C. S., & Sareen, J. (2014) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.09.005 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Herres, J. L., Kodish, T., Fein, J. A., & Diamond, G. S. (2017) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2017.1283264 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Social Anxiety and Suicidality in Youth: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Leigh, E., Chiu, K., & Ballard, E. D. (2023) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-022-00996-0 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Perceived burdensomeness uniquely accounts for suicidal ideation severity in social anxiety disorder
Duffy, M. E., Mueller, N. E., Cougle, J. R., & Joiner, T. E. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.116 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Villalongo Andino, M., Garcia, K. M., & Richey, J. A. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1331200 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Furthermore, SI and attempts in SAD are more pronounced in incidence and severity, irrespective of comorbid depression (Herres et al., 2019).”
Background
- Authors
- Herres, J., Shearer, A., Kodish, T., Kim, B., Wang, S. B., & Diamond, G. S.
- Affiliations
- The College of New Jersey (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Drexel University (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- Crisis
- Publisher
- Hogrefe Publishing Group
- Published
- 2019-09
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 333-339
- ISSN
- 0227-5910 (ISSN-L)
- 2151-2396
- OpenAlex
- W2919465301
- Cited by
- 25
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4
- FWCI
- 3.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Crisis (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Keywords
- adolescent suicidality, anxiety disorders, social anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, suicide attempt history, suicide risk, comorbidities
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Agoraphobia, Anxiety Disorders, Anxiety, Separation, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Risk, Suicide, Attempted, Panic Disorder, Suicidal Ideation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
