The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Contributions of Strategy Use to Working Memory Span: A Comparison of Strategy Assessment Methods
Abstract
In two experiments, we tested whether individual differences in strategy production account for individual differences in performance on a working memory span task. We measured the strategies used during a standard experimenter-paced operation span (OSPAN) task by having participants make both set-by-set reports of strategy use for individual item sets and global reports of strategy use. In Experiment 1, although normatively effective strategies were self-reported on only a small proportion of OSPAN sets, individual differences in effective strategy use correlated with span performance. Experiment 2 replicated this outcome using a sample of 100 participants but, as important, it demonstrated that individual differences in effective strategy use did not mediate the relationship between OSPAN and measures of verbal ability. Discussion focuses on the interpretation of strategy–span relationships and the relative utility of general reports of strategy use versus the set-by-set reports introduced here for the OSPAN task.
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“Besides practice with an externally provided strategy, also the use of internally generated strategies as measured by self-reports has been found to be related to better complex span performance in several studies9,10,14–16.”
From The early effects of external and internal strategies on working memory updating training (2018) · cites this paper as [15]
In the citing paper
“The present results using the n-back paradigm align well with previous findings mainly from complex span studies that have indicated that explicit WM strategy instruction can be effective10–13, and that self-generated WM strategies are associated with higher task performance9,10,14–16.”
From The early effects of external and internal strategies on working memory updating training (2018) · cites this paper as [15]
Citations
Cites
The processing-speed theory of adult age differences in cognition
Salthouse, T. A. (1996) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.103.3.403 · Cited by 5,902 · cited 2×
“According to this alternative, differences in span performance are assumed to result from variability in the algorithms, or strategies, that individuals use while performing span tasks; moreover, the power of WM span tasks to predict variation in complex cognitive abilities may also derive from individual differences…”
BackgroundThe Psychology of Learning and Motivation
(2021) · The Psychology of learning and motivation/The psychology of learning and motivation · doi:10.1016/s0079-7421(21)x0002-3 · Cited by 5,082
Ericsson (1993) · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.87.3.215 · Cited by 4,539
Protocol Analysis: Verbal Reports as Data
Danks, J. H., Ericsson, K. A., & Simon, H. A. (1985) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1422516 · Cited by 4,452
Book Review: Protocol Analysis: Verbal Reports as Data
Venkatesan, M., Ericsson, K. A., & Simon, H. A. (1986) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3151491 · Cited by 4,364
Working memory span tasks: A methodological review and user’s guide
Conway, A. R. A., Kane, M. J., Bunting, M. F., Hambrick, D. Z., Wilhelm, O., & Engle, R. W. (2005) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03196772 · Cited by 2,882
Self-citationModels of Working Memory: Mechanisms of Active Maintenance and Executive Control
Miyake, A., & Shah, P. (1999) · Cited by 2,404
Kane, M. J., Hambrick, D. Z., Tuholski, S. W., Wilhelm, O., Payne, T. W., & Engle, R. W. (2004) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.133.2.189 · Cited by 1,679
Self-citationWorking memory and language comprehension: A meta-analysis
Daneman, M., & Merikle, P. M. (1996) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03214546 · Cited by 1,520
Buchbesprechungen / Book Reviews
Förstl, H. (2006) · Zeitschrift für Psychiatrie Psychologie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1024/1661-4747.54.1.68a · Cited by 1,308
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A meta-analysis on the relation between reading and working memory
Peng, P., Barnes, M., Wang, C., Wang, W., Li, S., Swanson, H. L., Dardick, W., & Tao, S. (2018) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000124 · Cited by 521
Modeling working memory: An interference model of complex span
Oberauer, K., Lewandowsky, S., Farrell, S., Jarrold, C., & Greaves, M. (2012) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-012-0272-4 · Cited by 402
“In a previous modeling study, we found that even in the context of a decay-based model, rehearsal can be detrimental rather than beneficial (Oberauer & Lewandowsky, 2008). rehearsal, more elaborate strategies are associated with better performance (Dunlosky & Kane, 2007; Kaakinen & Hyönä, 2007).”
BackgroundMethodEffects and mechanisms of working memory training: a review
von Bastian, C. C., & Oberauer, K. (2014) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-013-0524-6 · Cited by 318
“Finally, we summarize the findings revealed by existing training studies for each of these factors, and thereby present a roadmap for accumulating further empirical evidence regarding the efficacy of working memory training in a systematic way.”
BackgroundMethodUsing Animated Augmented Reality to Cognitively Guide Assembly
Hou, L., Wang, X., Bernold, L. E., & Love, P. E. D. (2013) · Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering · doi:10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000184 · Cited by 262
Predicting key educational outcomes in academic trajectories: a machine-learning approach
Musso, M., Rodríguez-Hernández, C. F., & Cascallar, E. C. (2020) · Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s10734-020-00520-7 · Cited by 168
“Students with high WMC can maintain more activated information and apply effectively learning strategies according to a specific learning goal (Dunlosky and Kane 2007; Dunlosky and Thiede 2004; Dunning and Holmes 2014).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Dunlosky, J., & Kane, M. J.
- Affiliations
- Kent State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dunlosky, John
- Kane, Michael J.
- Venue
- Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2007-09
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1227-1245
- ISSN
- 0033-555X (ISSN-L)
- 1747-0218
- 1747-0226
- OpenAlex
- W2068780666
- Cited by
- 164
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 6.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- NC Digital Online Collection of Knowledge and Scholarship (The University of North Carolina at Greensboro) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Keywords
- working memory span, strategy use, operation span, individual differences, verbal ability
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Attention, Female, Humans, Individuality, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Neuropsychological Tests, Reaction Time, Reading, Mental Recall, Thinking, Time Factors
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