Immediate early gene activation throughout the brain is associated with dynamic changes in social context
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Abstract
Social competence is dependent on successful processing of social context information. The social opportunity paradigm is a methodology in which dynamic shifts in social context are induced through removal of the alpha male in a dominance hierarchy, leading to rapid ascent in the hierarchy of the beta male and of other subordinate males in the social group. In the current study, we use the social opportunity paradigm to determine what brain regions respond to this dynamic change in social context, allowing an individual to recognize the absence of the alpha male and subsequently perform status-appropriate social behaviors. Replicating our previous work, we show that following removal of the alpha male, beta males rapidly ascend the social hierarchy and attain dominant status by increasing aggression towards more subordinate individuals. Analysis of patterns of Fos immunoreactivity throughout the brain indicates that in individuals undergoing social ascent, there is increased activity in regions of the social behavior network, as well as the infralimbic and prelimbic regions of the prefrontal cortex and areas of the hippocampus. Our findings demonstrate that male mice are able to respond to changes in social context and provide insight into the how the brain processes these complex behavioral changes.
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Within the brain, increases in immediate early gene (IEG) activity are observed during social ascent throughout the social decision-making network (SDMN) as well as several other brain regions including the prefrontal cortex.
“Within the brain, increases in immediate early gene (IEG) activity is observed during social ascent throughout the social decision-making network (SDMN), a system of evolutionarily conserved interconnected fore- and midbrain nuclei that strongly coordinate social behavior [3,13], as well as several other brain regions including the prefrontal cortex [14,15].”
We have previously demonstrated that beta CD-1 males will rapidly rise to dominant status following the removal of alpha males.
“We have previously demonstrated that beta CD-1 males will rapidly rise to dominant status following the removal of alpha males [12,15].”
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Milewski, T. M., Lee, W., Young, R. L., Hofmann, H. A., & Curley, J. P. (2025) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1011548 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Williamson, C. M., Klein, I. S., Lee, W., & Curley, J. P.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Curley, James P.
- Venue
- Social Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2018-05-31
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 253-265
- ISSN
- 1747-0919 (ISSN-L)
- 1747-0927
- OpenAlex
- W2951724173
- Cited by
- 37
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6
- FWCI
- 6.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- Social Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (DGE-16-44869)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- social hierarchy, dominance hierarchy, social ascent, aggression, Fos-like immunoreactivity, social behavior network, infralimbic cortex, prelimbic cortex, hippocampus, male mice, social competence
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Brain Chemistry, Hierarchy, Social, Hippocampus, Limbic System, Male, Nerve Net, Social Dominance, Social Environment, Transcriptional Activation, Genes, fos, Prefrontal Cortex, Genes, Immediate-Early, Mice
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