Regulatory challenges of robotics: some guidelines for addressing legal and ethical issues
Open accessAbstract
Robots are slowly, but certainly, entering people’s professional and private lives. They require the attention of regulators due to the challenges they present to existing legal frameworks and the new legal and ethical questions they raise. This paper discusses four major regulatory dilemmas in the field of robotics: how to keep up with technological advances; how to strike a balance between stimulating innovation and the protection of fundamental rights and values; whether to affirm prevalent social norms or nudge social norms in a different direction; and, how to balance effectiveness versus legitimacy in techno-regulation. The four dilemmas are each treated in the context of a particular modality of regulation: law, market, social norms, and technology as a regulatory tool; and for each, we focus on particular topics – such as liability, privacy, and autonomy – that often feature as the major issues requiring regulatory attention. The paper then highlights the role and potential of the European framework of rights and values, responsible research and innovation, smart regulation and soft law as means of dealing with the dilemmas.
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- Authors
- Leenes, R., Palmerini, E., Koops, B.-J., Bertolini, A., Salvini, P., & Lucivero, F.
- Affiliations
- Tilburg University (NL)
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna (IT)
- King's College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Leenes, Ronald
- ORCID
- Venue
- Law, Innovation and Technology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2017-01-02
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-44
- ISSN
- 1757-9961 (ISSN-L)
- 1757-997X
- OpenAlex
- W2597726517
- Cited by
- 206
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 121.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Law Innovation and Technology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Research portal (Tilburg University) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- SSRN Electronic Journal (submittedVersion)
- CINECA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- European Commission (289092)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Law › Digitalization, Law, and Regulation
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Literary and Philosophical Studies
- Keywords
- robotics regulation, legal and ethical issues, technological change, social norms, nudging, liability, privacy, autonomy, responsible research and innovation, smart regulation, soft law
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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