Cited by 1,141Psychometric Methodologies and TestingHealth Education and ValidationBusiness Strategies and Management Research

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Ten Steps in Scale Development and Reporting: A Guide for Researchers

Carpenter, Serena·2018·Communication Methods and Measures

DOI 10.1080/19312458.2017.1396583

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Abstract

Scale development involves numerous theoretical, methodological, and statistical competencies. Despite the central role that scales play in our predictions, scholars often apply measurement building procedures that are inconsistent with best practices. The defaults in statistical programs, inadequate training, and numerous evaluation points can lead to improper practices. Based on a quantitative content analysis of communication journal articles, scholars have improved very little in the communication of their scale development decisions and practices. To address these reoccurring issues, this article breaks down and recommends 10 steps to follow in the scale development process for researchers unfamiliar with the process. Furthermore, the present research makes a unique contribution by overviewing procedures scholars should employ to develop their dimensions and corresponding items. The overarching objective is to encourage the adoption of scale development best practices that yield stronger concepts, and in the long run, a more stable foundation of knowledge.

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Authors: Carpenter, S.
Affiliations: Michigan State University (US)
Corresponding author: Carpenter, Serena
ORCID: Carpenter, Serena
Venue: Communication Methods and Measures
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2017-11-22
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Pages: 25-44
ISSN: 1931-2458 (ISSN-L)
1931-2466
DOI: 10.1080/19312458.2017.1396583
OpenAlex: W2768349557
Cited by: 1,141
References: 86
Citations by year: 2026: 208 · 2025: 240 · 2024: 209 · 2023: 130 · 2022: 142 · 2021: 108 · 2020: 67 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 5
FWCI: 25.06
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Communication Methods and Measures (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Health Sciences › Nursing › Research and Theory › Health Education and Validation
Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Business Strategies and Management Research
Keywords: scale development, measurement, best practices, item development, measurement reliability, measurement validity, communication research

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