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Cited by 1,141Psychometric Methodologies and TestingHealth Education and ValidationBusiness Strategies and Management Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 86 of the 86 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Ten Steps in Scale Development and Reporting: A Guide for Researchers

Carpenter, Serena·2018·Communication Methods and Measures
DOI 10.1080/19312458.2017.1396583
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Abstract

Scale development involves numerous theoretical, methodological, and statistical competencies. Despite the central role that scales play in our predictions, scholars often apply measurement building procedures that are inconsistent with best practices. The defaults in statistical programs, inadequate training, and numerous evaluation points can lead to improper practices. Based on a quantitative content analysis of communication journal articles, scholars have improved very little in the communication of their scale development decisions and practices. To address these reoccurring issues, this article breaks down and recommends 10 steps to follow in the scale development process for researchers unfamiliar with the process. Furthermore, the present research makes a unique contribution by overviewing procedures scholars should employ to develop their dimensions and corresponding items. The overarching objective is to encourage the adoption of scale development best practices that yield stronger concepts, and in the long run, a more stable foundation of knowledge.

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Research works printed but not linked: 8

  1. Barrett P. T., 1981, Personality Study and Group Behavior, 1, 23
  2. Beavers A. S., 2013, Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 18, 1
  3. Bollen K., 1991, MIS Quarterly, 28, 305
  4. Chaffee S. H., 1991, Explication
  5. Costello A. B., 2005, Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 10, 1
  6. Gorsuch R. L., 1983, Factor analysis
  7. Nunnally J. C., 1994, Psychometric theory
  8. Tabachnick B. G., 2007, Using multivariate statistics

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Metadata

Authors
Carpenter, S.
Affiliations
Michigan State University (US)
Corresponding author
Carpenter, Serena
ORCID
Carpenter, Serena
Venue
Communication Methods and Measures
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2017-11-22
Volume
12
Issue
1
Pages
25-44
ISSN
  • 1931-2458 (ISSN-L)
  • 1931-2466
DOI
10.1080/19312458.2017.1396583
OpenAlex
W2768349557
Cited by
1,141
References
86
Citations by year
2026: 208 · 2025: 240 · 2024: 209 · 2023: 130 · 2022: 142 · 2021: 108 · 2020: 67 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 5
FWCI
25.06
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Communication Methods and Measures (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Research and Theory › Health Education and Validation
  • Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Business Strategies and Management Research
Keywords
scale development, measurement, best practices, item development, measurement reliability, measurement validity, communication research

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