The DOI matches its Crossref record; 26 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The impact of parental posttraumatic stress disorder on parenting: a systematic review
Open accessAbstract
Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious and debilitating disorder that can develop following exposure to a traumatic event. Where parents develop PTSD, it may have an impact on their parenting role.Objective: The objective was to review the existing evidence base on parental PTSD, examining whether parental PTSD has an impact on key parenting domains.Method: A comprehensive web-based search identified 27 quantitative studies that examined parental PTSD in relation to parenting domains.Results: Several parenting domains were investigated including: parenting satisfaction, parenting stress, the parent–child relationship, and specific parenting practices. Sample sizes ranged from 19 to 3931 parents. A range of parental traumas were investigated, including traumatic birth experiences, military trauma, and intimate partner violence. Findings indicated associations between parental PTSD and several domains of parenting, but there were inconsistencies across studies.Conclusions: Findings suggested that parental PTSD is associated with impaired functioning across a number of parenting domains, including increased levels of parenting stress, lower parenting satisfaction, less optimal parent–child relationships, and more frequent use of negative parenting practices, such as overt hostility and controlling behaviours. However, methodological limitations across the literature as a whole limited the potential to infer causal impacts of PTSD on parenting. Further study is also needed to advance our current understanding around the impact of different trauma types on parenting domains.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Figures
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“A systematic review by Christie and colleagues (85) provided evidence for the association between parental PTSD and impaired functioning across a number of parenting domains, including increased levels of parenting stress, parenting satisfaction, and suboptimal parent–child relationships.”
From Mothering, Substance Use Disorders and Intergenerational Trauma Transmission: An Attachment-Based Perspective (2019) · cites this paper as [85]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Unique to PTSD, symptoms including hypervigilance or readily distracted attention can hinder one’s ability to caregive [14, 15].”
From Exploring the effects of mental health on bonding and caregiving among pregnant and postpartum persons with likely depression and/or PTSD in South Africa: a qualitative analysis (2026) · cites this paper as [14]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association (2013) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 · Cited by 116,369
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & for the PRISMA Group (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b2535 · Cited by 83,823
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & The PRISMA Group (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097 · Cited by 64,042
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA Statement.
(2009) · PubMed Central · Cited by 44,859
Wang, G., Ma, R., Qiao, G., Wada, K., Aizawa, Y., & Satoh, T. (2015) · Integrative Medicine International · doi:10.1159/000368408 · Cited by 18,762
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey
Kessler, R. C. (1995) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1995.03950240066012 · Cited by 10,379
The Infant's Response to Entrapment between Contradictory Messages in Face-to-Face Interaction
Tronick, E., Als, H., Adamson, L., Wise, S., & Brazelton, T. B. (1978) · Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0002-7138(09)62273-1 · Cited by 1,880 · cited 1×
“…study (N = 19), Ionio et al. (2014) found that higher scores of maternal PTSD twomonths post-birth were cross-sectionally correlated with parenting during the still face paradigm (twominute blocks of normal play, followed by still face, then a ‘reunion’ episode; see Tronick et al., 1978).”
BackgroundObject relations, dependency, and attachment: a theoretical review of the infant-mother relationship
Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1969) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1127008 · Cited by 1,461 · cited 1×
“The use of the Strange Situation Paradigm (Ainsworth, 1969) to measure attachment was a major strength of this research, but larger scale studies of this type are needed to confirm the findings.”
MethodAppraising the Evidence: Reviewing Disparate Data Systematically
Hawker, S., Payne, S., Kerr, C., Hardey, M., & Powell, J. (2002) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732302238251 · Cited by 1,216
Parenting stress and child adjustment: Some old hypotheses and new questions.
Deater-Deckard, K. D. (1998) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.1998.tb00152.x · Cited by 1,183
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Childbirth related PTSD and its association with infant outcome: A systematic review
Sieleghem, S. V., Danckaerts, M., Rieken, R., Okkerse, J. M. E., de Jonge, E., Bramer, W. M., & den Berg, M. P. L. (2022) · Early Human Development · doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2022.105667 · Cited by 92
Meulewaeter, F., De Pauw, S. S. W., & Vanderplasschen, W. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00728 · Cited by 70
McKeown, L., Burke, K., Cobham, V. E., Kimball, H., Foxcroft, K., & Callaway, L. K. (2022) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-022-00421-4 · Cited by 78
Sood, E., Lisanti, A. J., Woolf‐King, S. E., Wray, J., Kasparian, N. A., Jackson, E., Gregory, M. R., Lopez, K. N., Marino, B. S., Neely, T., et al. (2021) · Cardiology in the Young · doi:10.1017/s1047951121002134 · Cited by 60
Developmental Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence on Children
Bogat, G. A., Levendosky, A. A., & Cochran, K. A. (2023) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-072720-013634 · Cited by 59
Responsive Parenting Buffers the Impact of Maternal PTSD on Young Children
Greene, C. A., McCarthy, K. J., Estabrook, R., Wakschlag, L. S., & Briggs‐Gowan, M. J. (2020) · Parenting · doi:10.1080/15295192.2019.1707623 · Cited by 54
The Role of Social Support in Perinatal Mental Health and Psychosocial Stimulation
Kay, T., Moulson, M. C., Vigod, S. N., Schoueri‐Mychasiw, N., & Singla, D. R. (2024) · The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine · doi:10.59249/wmge9032 · Cited by 47
McWhorter, L. G., Christofferson, J. L., Neely, T., Hildenbrand, A. K., Alderfer, M. A., Randall, A., Kazak, A. E., & Sood, E. (2021) · Cardiology in the Young · doi:10.1017/s1047951121002912 · Cited by 47
Short‐term impacts of COVID‐19 on family caregivers: Emotion regulation, coping, and mental health
Russell, B. S., Hutchison, M., Park, C. L., Fendrich, M., & Finkelstein‐Fox, L. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23228 · Cited by 35
Afzal, N., Ye, S., Page, A. C., Trickey, D., Lyttle, M. D., Hiller, R. M., & Halligan, S. L. (2022) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2022.2156053 · Cited by 35
Self-citationPowers, A. D., Stevens, J. S., O’Banion, D., Stenson, A. F., Kaslow, N. J., Jovanović, T., & Bradley, B. (2020) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0000543 · Cited by 30
Martini, J., Asselmann, E., Weidner, K., Knappe, S., Rosendahl, J., & Garthus‐Niegel, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.842410 · Cited by 30
Combatting intergenerational effects of psychotrauma with multifamily therapy
Mooren, T., van Ee, E., Hein, I., & Bala, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.867305 · Cited by 24
Anisman, H., Doubad, D., Asokumar, A., & Matheson, K. (2024) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105859 · Cited by 26
Franz, M. R., Kumar, S. A., Brock, R. L., Calvi, J. L., & DiLillo, D. (2021) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/fam0000865 · Cited by 25
Xiong, T., McGrath, P. J., Stewart, S. H., Bagnell, A. L., & Kaltenbach, E. (2022) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2022.2087979 · Cited by 23
Carmassi, C., Corsi, M., Bertelloni, C. A., Pedrinelli, V., Massimetti, G., Peroni, D. G., Bonuccelli, A., Orsini, A. A., & Dell’Osso, L. (2020) · Seizure · doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2020.06.021 · Cited by 22
Family and occupational functioning following military trauma exposure and moral injury
Williamson, V., Murphy, D., Stevelink, S. A. M., Jones, E., Allen, S., & Greenberg, N. L. (2021) · BMJ Military Health · doi:10.1136/bmjmilitary-2020-001770 · Cited by 23
Cramm, H. A., Godfrey, C. M., Murphy, S., McKeown, S., & Dekel, R. (2021) · JBI Evidence Synthesis · doi:10.11124/jbies-20-00229 · Cited by 24
Stewart, S. L., Toohey, A., & Poss, J. W. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.737966 · Cited by 20
Stolper, H., van Doesum, K. T. M., & Steketee, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.781556 · Cited by 21
Christie, H., Hamilton-Giachritsis, C. E., Alves-Costa, F., Tomlinson, M., Stewart, J., Skeen, S., Notholi, V., Gqwaka, P., Sambudla, A., & Halligan, S. L. (2020) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113474 · Cited by 24
Self-citationCastaner, M. M., Fowler, R., Landers, C., Cohen, L., & Orjuela, M. A. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0252606 · Cited by 17
MacBeth, A. M., Christie, H., Golds, L., Morales, F., Raouna, A., Sawrikar, V., & Gillespie‐Smith, K. (2023) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1111/papt.12483 · Cited by 20
Self-citationFactors Associated With Caregiver–Child Symptom Concordance Among Trauma-Exposed Children
Wamser‐Nanney, R. A., & Campbell, C. L. (2020) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/1077559520927472 · Cited by 16
Parental Factors Associated With Recovery After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review
Rigney, G. H., Jo, J., Williams, K. L., Terry, D. P., & Zuckerman, S. L. (2023) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2023.0015 · Cited by 16
The Soundscape of Neonatal Intensive Care: A Mixed-Methods Study of the Parents’ Experience
Chifa, M., Hadar, T., Politimou, N., Reynolds, G., & Franco, F. (2021) · Children · doi:10.3390/children8080644 · Cited by 15
Huffhines, L. P., Coe, J. L., Busuito, A., Seifer, R., & Parade, S. H. (2022) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.21985 · Cited by 15
Towards a more comprehensive understanding of PTSD and parenting
Meijer, L., Franz, M. R., Deković, M., van Ee, E., Finkenauer, C., Kleber, R. J., van de Putte, E. M., & Thomaes, K. (2023) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152423 · Cited by 16
Ndungu, J., Jewkes, R. K., Ngcobo-Sithole, M. B., Chirwa, E. D., & Gibbs, A. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18157923 · Cited by 14
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Homeless Migrant Mothers of the Paris Region Shelters
Roze, M., Melchior, M., Vuillermoz, C., Rezzoug, D., Baubet, T., & Vandentorren, S. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17134908 · Cited by 17
Maru, M., Paris, R., & Simhi, M. (2023) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.22053 · Cited by 16
Allbaugh, L. J., George, G. C., Klengel, T., Profetto, A., Marinack, L., O’Malley, F., & Ressler, K. J. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.067 · Cited by 13
Weaving Invisible Threads: The Impact of Caregiver Trauma on Parenting and Child Brain Development
Riser, M., Trentacosta, C. J., & Jovanović, T. (2025) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci15070726 · Cited by 14
Chen, S. H., Cohodes, E. M., Bush, N. R., & Lieberman, A. F. (2020) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2020.104946 · Cited by 18
van der Velden, P. G., Contino, C., Das, M., & Wittmann, L. (2022) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00207640221140287 · Cited by 13
Sullivan, K., Ancharski, K., Wortham, W. K., Okosi, M., Kaplan, D., Urquiza, A. J., Timmer, S. G., Cloître, M., Chemtob, C. M., & Lindsey, M. A. (2023) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-023-02534-y · Cited by 15
McGuire, R., Hiller, R. M., Cobham, V. E., Haag, K., & Halligan, S. L. (2019) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2019.1644127 · Cited by 13
Self-citationConijn, T., de Roos, C., Vreugdenhil, H. J. I., van Dijk‐Lokkart, E. M., Wijburg, F. A., & Haverman, L. (2022) · Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases · doi:10.1186/s13023-022-02500-9 · Cited by 13
Genetic Decomposition of the Heritable Component of Reported Childhood Maltreatment
ter Kuile, A., Hübel, C., Cheesman, R., Coleman, J. R. I., Peel, A. J., Levey, D. F., Stein, M. B., Gelernter, J. E., Rayner, C., Eley, T. C., et al. (2023) · Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science · doi:10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.03.003 · Cited by 12
Pat-Horenczyk, R., Zamir, O., Yochman, A., Schiff, M., Brickman, S., Lerner, M. I., & Brom, D. (2020) · Psychological Trauma · doi:10.1037/tra0000479 · Cited by 11
Scharpf, F., Paulus, M., Christner, N., Beerbaum, L., Kammermeier, M., & Hecker, T. (2023) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579423000846 · Cited by 12
Emotional neglect and parents’ adverse childhood events
Ylitervo, L., Veijola, J. M., & Halt, A. (2023) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.2420 · Cited by 10
Parenting and mental health in protracted refugee situations: A systematic review
Khraisha, Q., Abujaber, N., Carpenter, S., Crossen, R. J., Kappenberg, J., Kelly, R., Murphy, C., Norton, O., Put, S. M., Schnoebelen, K., et al. (2024) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152536 · Cited by 14
How to Support Parents of Infants and Young Children in Mental Health Care: A Narrative Review
Stolper, H., van Doesum, K. T. M., & Steketee, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.745800 · Cited by 10
Printz, D. M. B., Perez, S. D., & Milan, S. (2023) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22904 · Cited by 9
Conijn, T., Haverman, L., Wijburg, F. A., & de Roos, C. (2021) · Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases · doi:10.1186/s13023-021-01768-7 · Cited by 9
Meijer, L., Finkenauer, C., Blankers, M., de Gee, A., Kramer, J., Shields‐Zeeman, L., & Thomaes, K. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-04548-8 · Cited by 9
Experiences and impact of moral injury in human trafficking survivors: a qualitative study
Williamson, V., Murphy, D., Katona, C., Curry, C., Weldon, E., & Greenberg, N. L. (2024) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-024-02157-y · Cited by 9
Falk, M. W., Angelhoff, C., Alvariza, A., Kreicbergs, U. C., & Sveen, J. (2021) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.5658 · Cited by 8
Alves-Costa, F., Lane, R., Gribble, R., Taylor, A. F., Fear, N. T., & MacManus, D. (2021) · SSM - Qualitative Research in Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmqr.2021.100006 · Cited by 8
Self-citationSturgeon, M., Burgess, G. H., & Murphy, D. (2023) · Journal of Family Studies · doi:10.1080/13229400.2023.2185160 · Cited by 10
Bennett, M. L., McClure, A., Khalesi, H., Vu, M. T. N., Feng, J., Reupert, A., & Yap, M. B. H. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.120085 · Cited by 7
Franz, M. R., Sanders, W., Nillni, Y. I., Vogt, D. S., Matteo, R. A., & Galovski, T. E. (2021) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0001123 · Cited by 7
DeCandia, C. J., Herbers, J. E., Unick, G. J., & Volk, K. T. (2023) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-023-02566-4 · Cited by 8
Atella, V., Porto, E. D., Kopinska, J. A., & Lindeboom, M. (2022) · Journal of the European Economic Association · doi:10.1093/jeea/jvad052 · Cited by 7
Darby, C., Craig, V., Santin, O., McLaughlin, D. F., & Boyle, B. (2026) · Journal of Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.jnn.2026.101807 · Cited by 6
Elansary, M., ZUCKERMAN, B. S., Patts, G. J., Antonio, J., Mayes, L. C., & Silverstein, M. (2022) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/dbp.0000000000001122 · Cited by 6
Sirparanta, A., Touati, C. D., Cyr, C. P., & Miljkovitch, R. (2024) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/15248380241282995 · Cited by 12
Heiden‐Rootes, K. M., Linsenmeyer, W. R., Russon, J., Levy, S. A., & Diamond, G. (2025) · Journal of Marital and Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/jmft.12765 · Cited by 8
Christie, H., Hamilton-Giachritsis, C. E., McGuire, R., Bisson, J. I., Roberts, N. P., Underwood, J. F. G., & Halligan, S. L. (2023) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-023-02614-z · Cited by 6
Self-citationZerach, G. (2022) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-022-02288-z · Cited by 6
Kısa, P. T., Uzun, Ö. Ü., Gündüz, M., Bülbül, S. F., Köse, E., & Arslan, N. (2021) · Archives de Pédiatrie · doi:10.1016/j.arcped.2021.09.008 · Cited by 5
Intergenerational Trauma, Dependency, and Detachment
Spiel, S., Szymanski, K., & Bornstein, R. F. (2023) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000001682 · Cited by 5
Reducing risk factors for child maltreatment: The Parenting-STAIR open pilot study
Wortham, W. K., Sullivan, K. S., Ancharski, K., Okosi, M., Kaplan, D., Timmer, S. G., Cloître, M., Chemtob, C. M., & Lindsey, M. A. (2024) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106942 · Cited by 5
Akdağ, B., Gürbüz, A. A., & Çelebi, S. B. (2025) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.02.009 · Cited by 5
Peak, J., Ingram, V., Urbanoski, K. A., & Milligan, K. (2022) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2022.2096236 · Cited by 5
Rogers, M., Thorsteinsson, E., Johnson, A., Williamson, V., Murphy, D., Greenberg, N. L., Fitzpatrick, S., Ditton-Phare, P., Sims, M., Hilbrink, D., et al. (2025) · Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties · doi:10.1080/13632752.2025.2489914 · Cited by 5
Family Therapy for Treating Trauma
Grove, D. R., Greene, G. J., & Lee, M. Y. (2020) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190059408.001.0001 · Cited by 5
Parental post-traumatic stress and psychiatric care utilisation among refugee adolescents
Berg, L., Montgomery, E., Brendler‐Lindquist, M., Mittendorfer‐Rutz, E., & Hjern, A. (2021) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-021-01827-1 · Cited by 5
Lane, R., Gribble, R., Alves-Costa, F., Taylor, A. F., Howard, L. M., Fear, N. T., & MacManus, D. (2022) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-022-00446-x · Cited by 5
Self-citationHall, S. V., Bell, S., Courant, A., Admon, L. K., & Zivin, K. (2024) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2023.01447 · Cited by 5
de Beijer, D., Sloover, M., de Jonge-Heesen, K. W. J., & van Ee, E. (2025) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/15248380251343187 · Cited by 4
Post‐traumatic stress symptoms and parenting in military families: A systematic integrative review
Gupta, A., Gewirtz, A. H., & Borden, L. M. (2023) · Journal of Family Theory & Review · doi:10.1111/jftr.12530 · Cited by 5
Fung, H. W., Lee, K., Wang, E. K. S., & Wong, J. Y. H. (2024) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2024.2382554 · Cited by 4
Franz, M. R., Savella, G. M., Salen, N., Contractor, A. A., & Kiser, L. J. (2022) · Violence and Victims · doi:10.1891/vv-2021-0114 · Cited by 4
Understanding and supporting parenting in parents seeking PTSD treatment: a qualitative study
Meijer, L., Thomaes, K., Karadeniz, B., & Finkenauer, C. (2025) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2025.2468039 · Cited by 4
The difficulties of parenting when widowed: A qualitative study of the lived experience
Ellis, K., Barros-Lane, L., & Kasper, T. (2025) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2025.2521738 · Cited by 3
Posttraumatic Stress in Parents of Hospitalized Children With Medical Complexity
Dewan, T., Whiteley, A., Birnie, K. A., Grohs, M. N., Jordán, I., Miller, M., Noel, M. E., Zwicker, J. D., & Lee, L. A. (2025) · Hospital Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/hpeds.2025-008390 · Cited by 3
Do we really protect children? Evaluating child protection measures in two meta-analyses
Sterenborg, T., Wissink, I. B., van Nieuwenhuijzen, M., & Assink, M. (2025) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108657 · Cited by 3
Laifer, L. M., DiLillo, D., Finch, J. E., & Brock, R. L. (2025) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s095457942510103x · Cited by 3
Mocho, H., Martins, C. S., Marcelo, B., Cunha, F. F., & Nunes, C. (2024) · The Educational and Developmental Psychologist · doi:10.1080/20590776.2024.2363191 · Cited by 6
Wiley, K. S., Gouveia, G. R., Camilo, C., Euclydes, V. L. V., Panter‐Brick, C., Matijasevich, A., Ferraro, A. A., Fracolli, L. A., Chiesa, A. M., Miguel, E. C., et al. (2025) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.70004 · Cited by 3
Meijer, L., Thomaes, K., Blankers, M., Deković, M., Franz, M. R., Kleber, R. J., van de Putte, E. M., van Ee, E., Camisasca, E., Fredman, S. J., et al. (2025) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2025.2538907 · Cited by 3
Child-to-parent violence and parent mental health: A systematic review
Harries, T., Mayshak, R., & Curtis, A. (2025) · International Journal of Behavioral Development · doi:10.1177/01650254251372915 · Cited by 3
Pollmann, J. B., Nielsen, A. B. S., & Skovdal, M. (2023) · Social Sciences & Humanities Open · doi:10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100462 · Cited by 3
Wang, X., Liu, Q., Merrin, G. J., Keller, A., Yoon, D., & Henderson, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1283801 · Cited by 6
Larouche, K., Garon‐Bissonnette, J., Lemieux, R., Lacharité, C., & Berthelot, N. (2024) · Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1080/10926771.2024.2338167 · Cited by 3
Wang, X., Sherpa, C. L., Piera-Tyree, L. R., Gump, B. B., Marfilius, K. J., Genovese, J. C., Smith, C. J., & Allen, J. B. H. (2024) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-024-02910-2 · Cited by 3
Pollmann, J. B., & Skovdal, M. (2022) · SSM - Mental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmmh.2022.100091 · Cited by 3
Burstein, O., Zevin, Z. T., & Geva, R. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1524008 · Cited by 2
Walker, S., McEwan, K., Grant, A. R., & McGrath, P. J. (2025) · Human Systems Therapy Culture and Attachments · doi:10.1177/26344041251339817 · Cited by 2
Franz, D. J., Cioffi, C. C., DeGarmo, D., Trevino, S. D., Halvorson, S., Brahn-Perrot, A., & Leve, L. D. (2025) · Parenting · doi:10.1080/15295192.2025.2515379 · Cited by 2
Trauma exposure and traumatic stress in foster carers: a scoping review
Helder, S. G., de Vries, S. J. A., Helmond, P., Daams, J. G., Lindauer, R., & Hein, I. M. (2026) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2026.2616986 · Cited by 3
Traumatic birth experiences and maternal caregiving behaviors and attitudes in black and white women
Kornfield, S. L., Henry, N. M., Waller, R. E., White, L. K., Gur, R. C., Myers, D., Wisniewski, K., Momplaisir, F. M., & Njoroge, W. (2026) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-026-01682-6 · Cited by 2
Feingold, D., & Zerach, G. (2021) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-021-02024-z · Cited by 2
Allen, E. S., Renshaw, K. D., & Fredman, S. J. (2023) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/famp.12858 · Cited by 2
The Effects of Trauma on Parenting and Caregiving
Harden, B. J., Osofsky, J. D., & Alexander, C. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-48627-2_26 · Cited by 2
Reeves, K. (2024) · Journal of Military Veteran and Family Health · doi:10.3138/jmvfh-2023-0083 · Cited by 2
van den Dorpel, W. M., Alink, L. R. A., van der Voort, A., Schuengel, C., Kesarlal, A. R., de Roos, C., Zuidgeest, K., & van der Asdonk, S. (2024) · Child Protection and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100069 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Christie, H., Hamilton-Giachritsis, C., Alves-Costa, F., Tomlinson, M., & Halligan, S. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Bath (GB)
- King's College London (GB)
- Stellenbosch University (ZA)
- Corresponding author
- Halligan, Sarah L.
- ORCID
- Venue
- European Journal of Psychotraumatology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2019-01-14
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1550345-1550345
- ISSN
- 2000-8066 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6338266
- OpenAlex
- W2908615599
- Cited by
- 207
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 38 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 2.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- European Journal of Psychotraumatology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- British Academy (PM140174)
- Economic and Social Research Council (ES/K006290/1)
- National Department of Health (0000000)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, parental PTSD, parenting, parental stress, parenting satisfaction, parent-child relationship, birth trauma, military trauma, intimate partner violence, parental trauma
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
