Impact of (chemo)radiotherapy on immune cell composition and function in cervical cancer patients
Open accessAbstract
New treatments based on combinations of standard therapeutic modalities and immunotherapy are of potential use, but require a profound understanding of immune modulatory properties of standard therapies. Here, the impact of standard (chemo)radiotherapy on the immune system of cervical cancer patients was evaluated. Thirty patients with cervical cancer were treated with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), using conventional three-dimensional or intensity modulated radiation therapy without constraints for bone marrow sparing. Serial blood sampling for immunomonitoring was performed before, midway and at 3, 6 and 9 weeks after EBRT to analyze the composition of lymphocyte and myeloid-cell populations, the expression of co-stimulatory molecules, T-cell reactivity and antigen presenting cell (APC) function. Therapy significantly decreased the absolute numbers of circulating leukocytes and lymphocytes. Furthermore, the capacity of the remaining T cells to respond to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation was impaired. During treatment the frequency of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells dropped and CD4+ T cells displayed an increased expression of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1). In vitro blocking of PD-1 successfully increased T-cell reactivity in all five samples isolated before radiotherapy but was less successful in restoring reactivity in samples isolated at later time points. Moreover, (chemo)radiotherapy was associated with an increase in both circulating monocytes and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and an impaired capacity of APCs to stimulate allogeneic T cells. T-cell reactivity was slowly restored at 6–9 weeks after cessation of therapy. We conclude that conventional (chemo)radiotherapy profoundly suppresses the immune system in cervical cancer patients, and may restrict its combination with immunotherapy.
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Chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer induces unfavorable immune changes reflected by decreased circulating lymphocytes, both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and increased myeloid-cell populations including myeloid-derived suppressor cells and monocytes.
“Recent studies have already reported that chemoradiotherapy for CC induces unfavorable immune changes reflected by a decreased number of circulating lymphocytes, both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and an increased percentage in myeloid-cell populations, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells and monocytes23.”
From Gut microbiome diversity is an independent predictor of survival in cervical cancer patients receiving chemoradiation (2021) · cites this paper as [23]
The number and functional orientation of tumor-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and the presence of M1 type macrophages strongly correlate with survival in patients with cervical cancer after CRT.
“Previous studies have reported that the number and functional orientation of tumor-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and the presence of M1 type macrophages strongly correlates with survival in patients with CC after CRT23,24.”
From Gut microbiome diversity is an independent predictor of survival in cervical cancer patients receiving chemoradiation (2021) · cites this paper as [23]
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- Authors
- van Meir, H., Nout, R. A., Welters, M. J. P., Loof, N. M., de Kam, M. L., van Ham, J. J., Samuels, S., Kenter, G. G., Cohen, A. F., Melief, C. J. M., Burggraaf, J., van Poelgeest, M. I. E., & van der Burg, S. H.
- Affiliations
- Department of Gynecology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Center (NL)
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute (NL)
- Centre for Human Drug Research (NL)
- ISA Pharmaceuticals (Netherlands) (NL)
- Venue
- OncoImmunology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2017-02
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- e1267095
- ISSN
- 2162-4011 (ISSN-L)
- 2162-402X
- PMC
- PMC5353924
- OpenAlex
- W2567712538
- Cited by
- 143
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 5
- FWCI
- 5.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- OncoImmunology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Endometrial and Cervical Cancer Treatments
- Keywords
- cervical cancer, chemoradiotherapy, external beam radiotherapy, immunosuppression, T cell response, PD-1, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, antigen-presenting cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, monocytes, combination immunotherapy, immune monitoring
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