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Cited by 406SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 ResearchCOVID-19 Clinical Research StudiesVaccine Coverage and Hesitancy

The efficacy and effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines in reducing infection, severity, hospitalization, and mortality: a systematic review

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Mohammed, Ibrahim, Nauman, Areej, Paul, Pradipta, Ganesan, Sanjith, Chen, Kuan-Han, Jalil, Syed Muhammad Saad, Jaouni, Shahd H., Kawas, Hussam +6 more·2022·Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
DOI 10.1080/21645515.2022.2027160PMC PMC8862168
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Abstract

With the relatively rapid development of the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccine development has become crucial for limiting disease transmission. The accelerated growth in the approved COVID-19 vaccines has sparked concerns about their efficacies which have been assessed by many studies. This systematic review compares the efficacy and effectiveness of seven COVID-19 vaccines. A comprehensive systematic literature search was performed using several databases to identify studies reporting the effectiveness or the efficacy of the vaccines. Only 42 studies met our inclusion criteria, which revealed that the COVID-19 vaccines have successfully reduced the rates of infections, severity, hospitalization, and mortality among the different populations. The full-dose regimen of the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine is the most effective against infections with the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants. Despite of the high effectiveness of some of the COVID-19 vaccines, more efforts are required to test their effectiveness against the other newly emerging variants.

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  • Overall, the relevant evidence in 2021 broadly supported the proposition that most COVID-19 vaccines were effective, particularly in reducing severe morbidity and mortality.

    “Overall, the relevant evidence in 2021 broadly supported the proposition that most COVID-19 vaccines were effective, particularly in reducing severe morbidity and mortality”

    From Ethical Principles in Legal Context: Vaccine Mandates During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Australia (2026) · cites this paper as Mohammed, et al. 2022

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References 68 · Cited by 406

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Authors
Mohammed, I., Nauman, A., Paul, P., Ganesan, S., Chen, K.-H., Jalil, S. M. S., Jaouni, S. H., Kawas, H., Khan, W. A., Vattoth, A. L., Al-Hashimi, Y. A., Fares, A., Zeghlache, R., & Zakaria, D.
Affiliations
Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar (QA)
Corresponding author
Zakaria, Dalia
ORCID
Venue
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2022-01-31
Volume
18
Issue
1
Pages
2027160-2027160
ISSN
  • 2164-5515 (ISSN-L)
  • 2164-554X
DOI
10.1080/21645515.2022.2027160
PMC
PMC8862168
OpenAlex
W4210449375
Cited by
406
References
68
Citations by year
2026: 55 · 2025: 85 · 2024: 100 · 2023: 107 · 2022: 59
FWCI
13.50
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders
funding
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
  • Social Sciences › Health › Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
Keywords
COVID-19 vaccines, vaccine efficacy, vaccine effectiveness, SARS-CoV-2 infection prevention, disease severity, hospitalization, mortality, BNT162b2, B.1.1.7 variant, B.1.351 variant, emerging variants
MeSH terms
COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 Vaccines, Hospitalization, Humans, Pandemics

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