Cited by 711SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 ResearchSARS-CoV-2 detection and testingAnimal Virus Infections Studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Establishment and validation of a pseudovirus neutralization assay for SARS-CoV-2

Open access

Nie, Jianhui, Li, Qianqian, Wu, Jiajing, Zhao, Chenyan, Hao, Huan, Liu, Huan, Zhang, Li, Nie, Lingling, Qin, Haiyang, Wang, Meng, Lu, Qiong, Li, Xiaoyu, Sun, Qiyu, Liu, Junkai, Fan, Changfa, Huang, Weijin, Xu, Miao, Wang, Youchun·2020·Emerging Microbes & Infections

DOI 10.1080/22221751.2020.1743767PMC PMC7144318

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Pseudoviruses are useful virological tools because of their safety and versatility, especially for emerging and re-emerging viruses. Due to its high pathogenicity and infectivity and the lack of effective vaccines and therapeutics, live SARS-CoV-2 has to be handled under biosafety level 3 conditions, which has hindered the development of vaccines and therapeutics. Based on a VSV pseudovirus production system, a pseudovirus-based neutralization assay has been developed for evaluating neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in biosafety level 2 facilities. The key parameters for this assay were optimized, including cell types, cell numbers, virus inoculum. When tested against the SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus, SARS-CoV-2 convalescent patient sera showed high neutralizing potency, which underscore its potential as therapeutics. The limit of detection for this assay was determined as 22.1 and 43.2 for human and mouse serum samples respectively using a panel of 120 negative samples. The cutoff values were set as 30 and 50 for human and mouse serum samples, respectively. This assay showed relatively low coefficient of variations with 15.9% and 16.2% for the intra- and inter-assay analyses respectively. Taken together, we established a robust pseudovirus-based neutralization assay for SARS-CoV-2 and are glad to share pseudoviruses and related protocols with the developers of vaccines or therapeutics to fight against this lethal virus.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1080/22221751.2020.1743767

Cites

27 of 27 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Figure 1. Verification of the incorporaiton of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in the pseudovirus. The surface proteins of the particle were investigated using western blotting (A), from left to right lane showing VSV pseudovirus, medium control and SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus. The VSV pseudotyped virus and cell culture medium were prepared with the same procedure and used as negative control and pseudovirus negative control. The SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus, together with G*ΔG-VSV, were tested against VSV G specific antibody (B).CC BY · PubMed Central

Figure 2. Selection of the cell line. Six types of cells were tested for VSV (A), and SARS-CoV-2 (B) pseudoviruses. The y-axis showed the absolute RLU value detected 24 h after pseudovirus infection. Cell backgrounds without pseudovirus infection were shown in figure C.CC BY · PubMed Central

Figure 3. Optimization of cell numbers for neutralization. (A) Effect of cells numbers on the titration of pseudovirus. The y-axis showed the RLU fold over the cell background. (B) Effect of cells numbers on the neutralization. Cell numbers and corresponding R2 values were list in the tables. A serum sample from a healthy individual was tested as negative control shown in black lines and symbols.CC BY · PubMed Central

Figure 4. Optimization of virus dose for neutralization. The viral inocula with a dose range starting from 41 to 1300 TCID50/well were tested for SARS-CoV-2 PBNA. A serum sample from a healthy individual was tested as negative control shown in black lines and symbols.CC BY · PubMed Central

Figure 5. Validation of the SARS-CoV-2 PBNA. (A) Specificity of the PBNA. A negative sample panel of seventy-four human and forty-six mouse serum samples were used to determine the specificity of this assay. (B) Inhibition curves for two SARS-CoV-2 convalescent patient serum samples and two negative serum samples derived from human and mouse. Typical four-parameter inhibition curves were observed for these two samples between log-transformed dilution and inhibition rate. The initial dilutions for positive and negative samples were 1:30 and 1:10 respectively, followed by 3-fold serial dilution. (C) Linear range for the PBNA. When the inhibition rate is in the range of 20%–80%, there is a linear relationship between the readout of the test sample and its dilution. (D) Reproducibility of the PBNA. A mixture of two SARS-CoV-2 coalescent patient serum samples was tested a total of 18 times on individual plates in three independent runs.CC BY · PubMed Central

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019
Zhu, N., Zhang, D., Wang, W., Li, X., Yang, B., Song, J., Zhao, X., Huang, B., Shi, W., Lu, R., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2001017 · Cited by 28,244
Self-citation
A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin
Zhou, P., Yang, X.-L., Wang, X.-G., Hu, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, W., Si, H.-R., Zhu, Y., Li, B., Huang, C.-L., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7 · Cited by 21,969
Self-citation
Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia
Li, Q., Guan, X., Wu, P., Wang, X., Zhou, L., Tong, Y., Ren, R., Leung, K. S. M., Lau, E. H. Y., Wong, J. Y., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2001316 · Cited by 16,575
Self-citation
The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health — The latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China
Hui, D. S., I Azhar, E., Madani, T. A., Ntoumi, F., Kock, R., Dar, O., Ippolito, G., Mchugh, T. D., Memish, Z. A., Drosten, C., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.01.009 · Cited by 3,809
Genomic characterization of the 2019 novel human-pathogenic coronavirus isolated from a patient with atypical pneumonia after visiting Wuhan
Chan, J. F., Kok, K., Zhu, Z., Chu, H., To, K. K., Yuan, S., & Yuen, K. (2020) · Emerging Microbes & Infections · doi:10.1080/22221751.2020.1719902 · Cited by 3,127
Emerging coronaviruses: Genome structure, replication, and pathogenesis
Chen, Y. Z., Liu, Q., & Guo, D. (2020) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.25681 · Cited by 3,069
Genome Composition and Divergence of the Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Originating in China
Wu, A., Peng, Y., Huang, B., Ding, X. L., Wang, X., Niu, P., Meng, J., Zhu, Z., Zhang, Z., Wang, J., et al. (2020) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2020.02.001 · Cited by 2,386
The spike protein of SARS-CoV — a target for vaccine and therapeutic development
Du, L., He, Y., Zhou, Y., Liu, S., Zheng, B.-J., & Jiang, S. (2009) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro2090 · Cited by 1,678
The Novel Coronavirus Originating in Wuhan, China
Phelan, A., Katz, R., & Gostin, L. O. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1097 · Cited by 1,210
Generation of VSV pseudotypes using recombinant ΔG-VSV for studies on virus entry, identification of entry inhibitors, and immune responses to vaccines
Whitt, M. A. (2010) · Journal of Virological Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2010.08.006 · Cited by 431

Show all 27 references

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 696

Safety and Immunogenicity of a Recombinant Adenovirus Type-5–Vectored Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccine With a Homologous Prime-Boost Regimen in Healthy Participants Aged ≥6 Years: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 2b Trial
Zhu, F., Jin, P., Zhu, T., Wang, W., Ye, H., Pan, H., Hou, L., Li, J., Wang, X., Wu, S., et al. (2021) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciab845 · Cited by 102
Self-citation
SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits a rapid neutralizing antibody response that correlates with disease severity
Trinité, B., Tarrés-Freixas, F., Rodon, J., Pradenas, E., Urrea, V., Marfil, S., de la Concepción, M. L. R., Ávila‐Nieto, C., Aguilar‐Gurrieri, C., Barajas, A., et al. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-81862-9 · Cited by 104
Net-Shaped DNA Nanostructures Designed for Rapid/Sensitive Detection and Potential Inhibition of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus
Chauhan, N., Xiong, Y., Ren, S., Dwivedy, A., Magazine, N., Zhou, L., Jin, X., Zhang, T., Cunningham, B. T., Yao, S., et al. (2022) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.2c04835 · Cited by 99
Self-citation
Application of CRISPR/Cas9 to human-induced pluripotent stem cells: from gene editing to drug discovery
Masi, C. D., Spitalieri, P., Murdocca, M., Novelli, G., & Sangiuolo, F. C. (2020) · Human Genomics · doi:10.1186/s40246-020-00276-2 · Cited by 108
Development of cell-based pseudovirus entry assay to identify potential viral entry inhibitors and neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2
Hu, J., Gao, Q., He, C., Huang, A., Tang, N., & Wang, K. (2020) · Genes & Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.gendis.2020.07.006 · Cited by 98
The Characterization of Disease Severity Associated IgG Subclasses Response in COVID-19 Patients
Luo, H., Jia, T., Chen, J., Zeng, S., Qiu, Z., Wu, S., Li, X., Lei, Y., Wang, X., Wu, W., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.632814 · Cited by 97
Self-citation
Boosting with heterologous vaccines effectively improves protective immune responses of the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine
Zhang, J., He, Q., An, C., Mao, Q., Gao, F., Bian, L., Xing, W., Wang, Q., Liu, P., Song, L., et al. (2021) · Emerging Microbes & Infections · doi:10.1080/22221751.2021.1957401 · Cited by 95
Self-citation
Epigallocatechin gallate from green tea effectively blocks infection of SARS-CoV-2 and new variants by inhibiting spike binding to ACE2 receptor
Liu, J., Bodnar, B. H., Meng, F., Khan, A. I., Wang, X., Luo, G. G., Saribas, S., Wang, T., Lohani, S. C., Wang, P., et al. (2021) · Cell & Bioscience · doi:10.1186/s13578-021-00680-8 · Cited by 97
Self-citation
Outbreak of COVID-19: An emerging global pandemic threat
Peng, M. (2020) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110499 · Cited by 98
Detection of neutralising antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 to determine population exposure in Scottish blood donors between March and May 2020
Thompson, C., Grayson, N. E., Paton, R. S., Bolton, J. S., Lourenço, J., Penman, B. S., Lee, L. N., Odon, V., Mongkolsapaya, J., Chinnakannan, S. K., et al. (2020) · Eurosurveillance · doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.42.2000685 · Cited by 93
Clinical and Laboratory Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, the Virus Causing COVID-19
da Silva, S. J. R., da Silva, C. T. A., Guarines, K. M., Mendes, R. P. G., Pardee, K., Kohl, A., & Pena, L. (2020) · ACS Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00274 · Cited by 95
Recombinant protein subunit vaccine booster following two-dose inactivated vaccines dramatically enhanced anti-RBD responses and neutralizing titers against SARS-CoV-2 and Variants of Concern
Ai, J., Zhang, H., Zhang, Q., Zhang, Y., Lin, K., Fu, Z., Song, J., Zhao, Y., Fan, M., Wang, H., et al. (2021) · Cell Research · doi:10.1038/s41422-021-00590-x · Cited by 89
Stapled Peptides Based on Human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) Potently Inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Infection In Vitro
Curreli, F., Victor, S. M. B., Ahmed, S., Drelich, A. K., Tong, X., Tseng, C.-T. K., Hillyer, C. D., & Debnath, A. K. (2020) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.02451-20 · Cited by 91
A tandem-repeat dimeric RBD protein-based covid-19 vaccine zf2001 protects mice and nonhuman primates
An, Y., Li, S., Jin, X., Han, J.-B., Xu, K., Xu, S., Han, Y., Liu, C., Zheng, T., Liu, M., et al. (2022) · Emerging Microbes & Infections · doi:10.1080/22221751.2022.2056524 · Cited by 89
Neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 spike in COVID-19 patients, health care workers, and convalescent plasma donors
Zeng, C., Evans, J. P., Pearson, R., Qu, P., Zheng, Y.-M., Robinson, R., Hall‐Stoodley, L., Yount, J. S., Pannu, S. R., Mallampalli, R. K., et al. (2020) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.143213 · Cited by 87
Rational development of a human antibody cocktail that deploys multiple functions to confer Pan-SARS-CoVs protection
Yao, H., Sun, Y., Deng, Y., Wang, N., Tan, Y., Zhang, N.-N., Li, X., Kong, C., Xu, Y., Chen, Q., et al. (2020) · Cell Research · doi:10.1038/s41422-020-00444-y · Cited by 87
Self-citation
Extracellular vesicles carry SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein and serve as decoys for neutralizing antibodies
Troyer, Z., Alhusaini, N., Tabler, C. O., Sweet, T. J., Carvalho, K. I., Schlatzer, D., Carias, L. L., King, C. L., Matreyek, K. A., & Tilton, J. C. (2021) · Journal of Extracellular Vesicles · doi:10.1002/jev2.12112 · Cited by 90
Novel therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV-2-induced acute lung injury: Targeting a potential IL-1β/neutrophil extracellular traps feedback loop
Yaqinuddin, A., & Kashir, J. (2020) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109906 · Cited by 86
Convalescent plasma therapy for the treatment of patients with COVID‐19: Assessment of methods available for antibody detection and their correlation with neutralising antibody levels
Harvala, H., Robb, M. L., Watkins, N. A., Ijaz, S., Dicks, S., Patel, M., Supasa, P., Dejnirattisai, W., Liu, C., Mongkolsapaya, J., et al. (2020) · Transfusion Medicine · doi:10.1111/tme.12746 · Cited by 86
A high-throughput cell- and virus-free assay shows reduced neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants by COVID-19 convalescent plasma
Fenwick, C. W., Turelli, P., Pellaton, C., Farina, A., Campos, J., Raclot, C., Pojer, F., Cagno, V., Gonseth, S., D’Acremont, V., et al. (2021) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abi8452 · Cited by 87
CRISPR-Cas and Its Wide-Ranging Applications: From Human Genome Editing to Environmental Implications, Technical Limitations, Hazards and Bioethical Issues
Piergentili, R., Rio, A. D., Signore, F., Ronchi, F. U., Marinelli, E., & Zaami, S. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10050969 · Cited by 87
Deletion of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Cytoplasmic Tail Increases Infectivity in Pseudovirus Neutralization Assays
Yu, J., Li, Z., He, X., Gebre, M. S., Bondzie, E. A., Wan, H., Jacob-Dolan, C., Martinez, D. R., Nkolola, J. P., Baric, R. S., et al. (2021) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.00044-21 · Cited by 85
Safety and immunogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 ARCoV mRNA vaccine in Chinese adults: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1 trial
Chen, G.-L., Li, X.-F., Dai, X.-H., Li, N., Cheng, M.-L., Huang, Z., Shen, J., Ge, Y.-H., Shen, Z.-W., Deng, Y.-Q., et al. (2022) · The Lancet Microbe · doi:10.1016/s2666-5247(21)00280-9 · Cited by 82
Self-citation
Point-of-care diagnostics: recent developments in a pandemic age
Harpaldas, H., Arumugam, S., Rodriguez, C. C., Kumar, B. A., Shi, V. Y., & Sia, S. K. (2021) · Lab on a Chip · doi:10.1039/d1lc00627d · Cited by 82
Overview of Neutralizing Antibodies and Their Potential in COVID-19
Morales‐Núñez, J. J., Muñóz-Valle, J. F., Torres-Hernández, P. C., & Hernández‐Bello, J. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines9121376 · Cited by 86
Advances in single molecule arrays (SIMOA) for ultra-sensitive detection of biomolecules
Dong, R., Yi, N., & Jiang, D. (2023) · Talanta · doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125529 · Cited by 82
Characterization of neutralizing antibody with prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus monkeys
Wang, S., Peng, Y., Wang, R., Jiao, S., Wang, M., Huang, W., Shan, C., Jiang, W., Li, Z., Gu, C., et al. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19568-1 · Cited by 78
Self-citation
Interferon-armed RBD dimer enhances the immunogenicity of RBD for sterilizing immunity against SARS-CoV-2
Sun, S., Cai, Y., Song, T., Yang, P., Cheng, L., Xu, H., Sun, J., Meng, C., Lin, Y., Huang, H., et al. (2021) · Cell Research · doi:10.1038/s41422-021-00531-8 · Cited by 78
Replication and single-cycle delivery of SARS-CoV-2 replicons
Ricardo-Lax, I., Luna, J. M., Thao, T. T. N., Pen, J. L., Yu, Y., Hoffmann, H.-H., Schneider, W. M., Razooky, B. S., Fernández-Martínez, J., Schmidt, F., et al. (2021) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abj8430 · Cited by 80
Potent Neutralizing Antibodies Directed to Multiple Epitopes on SARS-CoV-2 SpikePreprint
Liu, L., Wang, P., Nair, M. S., Yu, J., Rapp, M., Wang, Q., Luo, Y., Chan, J. F.-W., Sahi, V., Figueroa, A., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.06.17.153486 · Cited by 76
Evaluation of High-Throughput SARS-CoV-2 Serological Assays in a Longitudinal Cohort of Patients with Mild COVID-19: Clinical Sensitivity, Specificity, and Association with Virus Neutralization Test
Bal, A., Pozzetto, B., Trabaud, M., Escuret, V., Rabilloud, M., Langlois, C., Paul, A., Guibert, N., d’Aubarede, C., Massardier-Pilonchery, A., et al. (2021) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/hvaa336 · Cited by 74
Application of pseudovirus system in the development of vaccine, antiviral-drugs, and neutralizing antibodies
Xiang, Q., Li, L., Wu, J., Tian, M., & Fu, Y. (2022) · Microbiological Research · doi:10.1016/j.micres.2022.126993 · Cited by 80
Self-citation
Isolation of infectious Lloviu virus from Schreiber’s bats in Hungary
Kemenesi, G., Tóth, G. E., Neto, M. M., Scott, S. D., Temperton, N. J., Wright, E., Mühlberger, E., Hume, A. J., Suder, E. L., Zana, B., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-29298-1 · Cited by 74
Characterisation of SARS-CoV-2 Lentiviral Pseudotypes and Correlation between Pseudotype-Based Neutralisation Assays and Live Virus-Based Micro Neutralisation Assays
Hyseni, I., Molesti, E., Benincasa, L., Piu, P., Casa, E., Temperton, N. J., Manenti, A., & Montomoli, E. (2020) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v12091011 · Cited by 73
Quantifying Absolute Neutralization Titers against SARS-CoV-2 by a Standardized Virus Neutralization Assay Allows for Cross-Cohort Comparisons of COVID-19 Sera
Oguntuyo, K. Y., Stevens, C. S., Hung, C.-T., Ikegame, S., Acklin, J. A., Kowdle, S., Carmichael, J. C., Chiu, H.-P., Azarm, K. D., Haas, G. D., et al. (2021) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.02492-20 · Cited by 73
An ACE2 Microbody Containing a Single Immunoglobulin Fc Domain Is a Potent Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2
Tada, T., Fan, C., Chen, J., Kaur, R., Stapleford, K. A., Gristick, H. B., Dcosta, B. M., Wilen, C. B., Nimigean, C. M., & Landau, N. R. (2020) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108528 · Cited by 72
Self-citation
Antibody Responses to Natural SARS-CoV-2 Infection or after COVID-19 Vaccination
Altawalah, H. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines9080910 · Cited by 74
Development and effectiveness of pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 system as determined by neutralizing efficiency and entry inhibition test in vitro
Yang, R., Huang, B., A, R., Li, W., Wang, W., Deng, Y., & Tan, W. (2020) · Biosafety and Health · doi:10.1016/j.bsheal.2020.08.004 · Cited by 70
Durability of neutralizing antibodies and T-cell response post SARS-CoV-2 infection
Tan, Y., Liu, F., Xu, X., Ling, Y., Huang, W., Zhu, Z., Guo, M., Lin, Y., Fu, Z., Liang, D., et al. (2020) · Frontiers of Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11684-020-0822-5 · Cited by 68
Self-citation
SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody levels are correlated with severity of COVID-19 pneumonia
Chen, W., Zhang, J., Qin, X., Wang, W., Xu, M., Wang, L., Xu, C., Tang, S., Liu, P., Zhang, L., et al. (2020) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110629 · Cited by 65
Self-citation
The molecular mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 evading host antiviral innate immunity
Gu, W., Gan, H., Ma, Y., Xu, L., Cheng, Z. J., Li, B., Zhang, X., Jiang, W., Sun, J., Sun, B., et al. (2022) · Virology Journal · doi:10.1186/s12985-022-01783-5 · Cited by 64
Infection of Brain Organoids and 2D Cortical Neurons with SARS-CoV-2 Pseudovirus
Yi, S. A., Nam, K. H., Yun, J., Gim, D., Joe, D., Kim, Y. H., Kim, H., Han, J., & Lee, J. (2020) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v12091004 · Cited by 65
Gold-silver alloy hollow nanoshells-based lateral flow immunoassay for colorimetric, photothermal, and SERS tri-mode detection of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody
Zhao, T., Liang, P., Ren, J., Zhu, J., Yang, X., Bian, H., Li, J., Cui, X., Fu, C., Xing, J., et al. (2023) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.aca.2023.341102 · Cited by 62
SARS-CoV-2 Assays To Detect Functional Antibody Responses That Block ACE2 Recognition in Vaccinated Animals and Infected Patients
Walker, S. N., Chokkalingam, N., Reuschel, E. L., Purwar, M., Xu, Z., Gary, E. N., Kim, K. Y., Helble, M., Schultheis, K., Walters, J. N., et al. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.01533-20 · Cited by 61
Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as ACE2 blockers to inhibit viropexis of 2019-nCoV Spike pseudotyped virus
Wang, N., Han, S., Liu, R., Meng, L., He, H., Zhang, Y., Wang, C., Lv, Y., Wang, J., Li, X., et al. (2020) · Phytomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153333 · Cited by 62
Self-citation
A broadly neutralizing humanized ACE2-targeting antibody against SARS-CoV-2 variants
Du, Y., Shi, R., Zhang, Y., Duan, X., Li, L., Zhang, J., Wang, F., Zhang, R., Shen, H., Wang, Y., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-25331-x · Cited by 62
Self-citation
Advanced Molecular and Immunological Diagnostic Methods to Detect SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Rotondo, J. C., Martini, F., Maritati, M., Caselli, E., Gallenga, C. E., Guarino, M., GIORGIO, R. D., Mazziotta, C., Tramarin, M. L., Badiale, G., et al. (2022) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms10061193 · Cited by 63
Long-term stability and protection efficacy of the RBD-targeting COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in nonhuman primates
Zhao, H., Wang, T.-C., Li, X.-F., Zhang, N.-N., Li, L., Zhou, C., Deng, Y.-Q., Cao, T.-S., Yang, G., Li, R.-T., et al. (2021) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-021-00861-4 · Cited by 60
Self-citation
Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies using a vesicular stomatitis virus possessing SARS-CoV-2 spike protein
Tani, H., Kimura, M., Tan, L., Yoshida, Y., Ozawa, T., Kishi, H., Fukushi, S., Saijo, M., Sano, K., Suzuki, T., et al. (2021) · Virology Journal · doi:10.1186/s12985-021-01490-7 · Cited by 60
Generation of SARS-CoV-2 escape mutations by monoclonal antibody therapy
Ragonnet‐Cronin, M., Nutalai, R., Huo, J., Dijokaite-Guraliuc, A., Das, R., Tuekprakhon, A., Supasa, P., Liu, C., Selvaraj, M., Groves, N., et al. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-37826-w · Cited by 61
Safety, immunogenicity and protection of heterologous boost with an aerosolised Ad5-nCoV after two-dose inactivated COVID-19 vaccines in adults: a multicentre, open-label phase 3 trial
Li, J., Hou, L., Gou, J.-B., Yin, Z., Wu, S., Wang, F., Zhang, Z., Peng, Z., Zhu, T., Shen, H., et al. (2023) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00350-x · Cited by 61
Self-citation
Role of arachidonic cascade in COVID-19 infection: A review
Ripon, M. A. R., Bhowmik, D. R., Amin, M. T., & Hossain, M. S. (2021) · Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators · doi:10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2021.106539 · Cited by 59
Immunogenicity and safety of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 inactivated vaccine in healthy adults: randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled phase 1 and phase 2 clinical trials
Pan, H., Liu, J., Huang, B., Li, G., Chang, X., Liu, Y., Wang, W., Chu, K., Hu, J., Li, J., et al. (2021) · Chinese Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/cm9.0000000000001573 · Cited by 59
Self-citation
Utility of Different Surrogate Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (sELISAs) for Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies
Kohmer, N., Rühl, C., Ciesek, S., & Rabenau, H. F. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10102128 · Cited by 59
Advances in Neutralization Assays for SARS‐CoV‐2
Lu, Y., Jin, W., Li, Q., Hu, H., Lu, J., & Chen, Z. (2021) · Scandinavian Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1111/sji.13088 · Cited by 58
Self-citation
Paired Heavy and Light Chain Signatures Contribute to Potent SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization in Public Antibody Responses
Banach, B. B., Cerutti, G., Fahad, A. S., Shen, C., de Souza, M. O., Katsamba, P. S., Tsybovsky, Y., Wang, P., Nair, M. S., Huang, Y., et al. (2020) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109771 · Cited by 56
Viral infection neutralization tests: A focus on severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus‐2 with implications for convalescent plasma therapy
Focosi, D., Maggi, F., Mazzetti, P., & Pistello, M. (2020) · Reviews in Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/rmv.2170 · Cited by 59
Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviral infection requires FcγRIIB and virus-antibody complex with bivalent interaction
Wang, S., Wang, J., Yu, X., Jiang, W., Chen, S., Wang, R., Wang, M., Jiao, S., Wang, W., Wang, W., et al. (2022) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-022-03207-0 · Cited by 57
Self-citation
Viral evolution prediction identifies broadly neutralizing antibodies to existing and prospective SARS-CoV-2 variants
Jian, F., Wec, A. Z., Feng, L., Yu, Y., Wang, L., Wang, P., Yu, L., Wang, J., Hou, J., Berrueta, D. M., et al. (2025) · Nature Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41564-025-02030-7 · Cited by 57
Self-citation
Clinically relevant cell culture models and their significance in isolation, pathogenesis, vaccine development, repurposing and screening of new drugs for SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review
Kumar, S., Sarma, P., Kaur, H., Prajapat, M., Bhattacharyya, A., Avti, P., Sehkhar, N., Kaur, H., Bansal, S., Mahendiratta, S., et al. (2021) · Tissue and Cell · doi:10.1016/j.tice.2021.101497 · Cited by 60
A delicate balance between antibody evasion and ACE2 affinity for Omicron BA.2.75
Huo, J., Dijokaite-Guraliuc, A., Liu, C., Zhou, D., Ginn, H. M., Das, R., Supasa, P., Selvaraj, M., Nutalai, R., Tuekprakhon, A., et al. (2022) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111903 · Cited by 55
Evaluation of Neutralizing Antibodies Against Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses: A Detailed Protocol for a Rapid Evaluation of Neutralizing Antibodies Using Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Pseudovirus-Based Assay
Almahboub, S. A., Algaissi, A. A., Alfaleh, M. A., ElAssouli, M.-Z. M., & Hashem, A. M. (2020) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.02020 · Cited by 55
Contribution of Syndecans to the Cellular Entry of SARS-CoV-2
Hudák, A., Letoha, A., Szilák, L., & Letoha, T. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22105336 · Cited by 56
Diagnosis of COVID-19, vitality of emerging technologies and preventive measures
Asif, M., Xu, Y., Xiao, F., & Sun, Y. (2021) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2021.130189 · Cited by 54
Production, Titration, Neutralisation, Storage and Lyophilisation of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Lentiviral Pseudotypes
Genova, C. D., Sampson, A., Scott, S., Cantoni, D. M., Neto, M. M., Bentley, E., Mattiuzzo, G., Wright, E., Derveni, M., Auld, B., et al. (2021) · BIO-PROTOCOL · doi:10.21769/bioprotoc.4236 · Cited by 52
A Multifunctional Neutralizing Antibody‐Conjugated Nanoparticle Inhibits and Inactivates SARS‐CoV‐2
Cai, X., Chen, M., Promiński, A., Lin, Y., Ankenbruck, N., Rosenberg, J. N., Nguyen, M., Shi, J., Τοματσίδου, Α., Randall, G. C., et al. (2021) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202103240 · Cited by 52
The effect of whey protein on viral infection and replication of SARS-CoV-2 and pangolin coronavirus in vitro
Fan, H., Hong, B., Luo, Y., Peng, Q., Wang, L., Jin, X., Chen, Y., Hu, Y., Shi, Y., Li, T., et al. (2020) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-020-00408-z · Cited by 51
Conventional and Nanotechnology-Based Sensing Methods for SARS Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)
Shetti, N. P., Mishra, A., Bukkitgar, S. D., Basu, S., Narang, J., Reddy, K. R., & Aminabhavi, T. M. (2021) · ACS Applied Bio Materials · doi:10.1021/acsabm.0c01545 · Cited by 50
Engineered small extracellular vesicles displaying ACE2 variants on the surface protect against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Kim, H. K., Cho, J., Kim, E., Kim, J., Yang, J., Kim, K.-C., Lee, J., Shin, Y., Palomera, L. F., Park, J., et al. (2022) · Journal of Extracellular Vesicles · doi:10.1002/jev2.12179 · Cited by 50
Safety, mucosal and systemic immunopotency of an aerosolized adenovirus-vectored vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques
Xu, F., Wu, S., Yi, L., Peng, S., Wang, F., Si, W., Hou, L., & Zhu, T. (2022) · Emerging Microbes & Infections · doi:10.1080/22221751.2022.2030199 · Cited by 50
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 70 cases of coronavirus disease and concomitant hepatitis B virus infection: A multicentre descriptive study
Wu, J., Yu, J., Shi, X., Li, W., Song, S., Zhao, L., Zhao, X., Liu, J., Wang, D., Liu, C., et al. (2020) · Journal of Viral Hepatitis · doi:10.1111/jvh.13404 · Cited by 49
Self-citation
Rapid lateral flow tests for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies
Wang, J. J., Zhang, N., Richardson, S. A., & Wu, J. V. (2021) · Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics · doi:10.1080/14737159.2021.1913123 · Cited by 49
Self-citation
Asymptomatic or mild symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits durable neutralizing antibody responses in children and adolescents
Garrido, C., Hurst, J. H., Lorang, C. G., Aquino, J. N., Rodriguez, J., Pfeiffer, T. S., Singh, T., Semmes, E. C., Lugo, D. J., Rotta, A. T., et al. (2021) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.150909 · Cited by 51
Lentil lectin derived from Lens culinaris exhibit broad antiviral activities against SARS-CoV-2 variants
Wang, W., Li, Q., Wu, J., Hu, Y., Wu, G., Yu, C., Xu, K., Liu, X., Wang, Q., Huang, W., et al. (2021) · Emerging Microbes & Infections · doi:10.1080/22221751.2021.1957720 · Cited by 50
Self-citation
Diagnostics and analysis of SARS-CoV-2: current status, recent advances, challenges and perspectives
Dong, T., Wang, M., Liu, J., Ma, P., Pang, S., Liu, W., & Liu, A. (2023) · Chemical Science · doi:10.1039/d2sc06665c · Cited by 50
Self-citation
Identifying FDA-approved drugs with multimodal properties against COVID-19 using a data-driven approach and a lung organoid model of SARS-CoV-2 entry
Duarte, R. R. R., Copertino, D. C., Iñiguez, L., Marston, J. L., Bram, Y., Han, Y., Schwartz, R. E., Chen, S., Nixon, D. F., & Powell, T. R. (2021) · Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1186/s10020-021-00356-6 · Cited by 49
COVID-19 Pandemic: Review of Contemporary and Forthcoming Detection Tools
Oishee, M. J., Ali, T., Jahan, N., Khandker, S. S., Haq, M. A., Khondoker, M. U., Sil, B. K., Lugova, H., Krishnapillai, A. D. S., Abubakar, A. R., et al. (2021) · Infection and Drug Resistance · doi:10.2147/idr.s289629 · Cited by 48
The Impact on Infectivity and Neutralization Efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 Lineage B.1.351 Pseudovirus
Kim, Y. J., Jang, U. S., Soh, S. M., Lee, J., & Lee, H.-R. (2021) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v13040633 · Cited by 48
Evaluation of serum IgM and IgG antibodies in COVID‐19 patients by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
Zhou, C. S., Bu, G., Sun, Y. C., Ren, C., Qu, M., Gao, Y., Zhu, Y., Wang, L., Sun, L., & Liu, Y. (2020) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.26741 · Cited by 47
CAR Macrophages for SARS-CoV-2 Immunotherapy
Fu, W., Lei, C., Qian, K., Ma, Z., Tian, L., Lin, F., Zhang, W., Zhao, J., & Hu, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.669103 · Cited by 47
Impaired Cellular Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in Severe COVID-19 Patients
Ni, L., Cheng, M., Zhao, H., Feng, Y., Liu, J., Ye, F., Ye, Q., Zhu, G., Li, X., Wang, P., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.603563 · Cited by 46
Self-citation
Cryo-EM Structures Delineate a pH-Dependent Switch that Mediates Endosomal Positioning of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding DomainsPreprint
Zhou, T., Tsybovsky, Y., Olia, A. S., Gorman, J., Rapp, M., Cerutti, G., Chuang, G., Katsamba, P. S., Nazzari, A. F., Sampson, J. M., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.07.04.187989 · Cited by 48
Rapid escape of new SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants from BA.2-directed antibody responses
Dijokaite-Guraliuc, A., Das, R., Zhou, D., Ginn, H. M., Liu, C., Duyvesteyn, H. M. E., Huo, J., Nutalai, R., Supasa, P., Selvaraj, M., et al. (2023) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112271 · Cited by 46
Development and Validation of a Multiplex, Bead-based Assay to Detect Antibodies Directed Against SARS-CoV-2 Proteins
Bray, R. A., Lee, J.-H., Brescia, P., Kumar, D., Nong, T., Shih, R. N. J., Woodle, E. S., Maltzman, J. S., & Gebel, H. M. (2020) · Transplantation · doi:10.1097/tp.0000000000003524 · Cited by 44
Establishment of replication-competent vesicular stomatitis virus-based recombinant viruses suitable for SARS-CoV-2 entry and neutralization assays
Li, H., Zhao, C., Zhang, Y., Yuan, F., Zhang, Q., Shi, X., Zhang, L., Qin, C., & Zheng, A. (2020) · Emerging Microbes & Infections · doi:10.1080/22221751.2020.1830715 · Cited by 44
Self-citation
Modeling COVID-19 with Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cells Reveals Synergistic Effects of Anti-inflammatory Macrophages with ACE2 Inhibition Against SARS-CoV-2Preprint
Duan, F., Guo, L., Yang, L., Han, Y., Thakur, A., Nilsson-Payant, B. E., Wang, P., Zhang, Z., Ma, C. Y., Zhou, X., et al. (2020) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-62758/v1 · Cited by 44
Evaluation of a commercial ELISA as alternative to plaque reduction neutralization test to detect neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2
Hofmann, N., Grossegesse, M., Neumann, M., Schaade, L., & Nitsche, A. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-07597-3 · Cited by 43
A Novel In-Cell ELISA Assay Allows Rapid and Automated Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 to Analyze Neutralizing Antibodies and Antiviral Compounds
Schöler, L., Le‐Trilling, V. T. K., Eilbrecht, M., Mennerich, D., Anastasiou, O. E., Krawczyk, A., Herrmann, A., Dittmer, U., & Trilling, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.573526 · Cited by 42
Dexamethasone inhibits SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudotyped virus viropexis by binding to ACE2
Zhang, Y., Hu, S., Wang, J., Xue, Z., Wang, C., & Wang, N. (2020) · Virology · doi:10.1016/j.virol.2020.12.001 · Cited by 42
Contributions of the Four Essential Entry Glycoproteins to HSV-1 Tropism and the Selection of Entry Routes
Hilterbrand, A. T., Daly, R. E., & Heldwein, E. E. Z. (2021) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.00143-21 · Cited by 42
Immune response induced by oral administration with a Saccharomyces cerevisiae-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in mice
Gao, T., Ren, Y., Li, S., Lü, X., & Han, L. (2021) · Microbial Cell Factories · doi:10.1186/s12934-021-01584-5 · Cited by 42
Design of a mutation-integrated trimeric RBD with broad protection against SARS-CoV-2
Liang, Y., Zhang, J., Yuan, R. Y., Wang, M. Y., He, P., Su, J. G., Han, Z. B., Jin, Y. Q., Hou, J. W., Zhang, H., et al. (2022) · Cell Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41421-022-00383-5 · Cited by 42
Self-citation
SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus enters the host cells through spike protein-CD147 in an Arf6-dependent manner
Zhou, Y.-Q., Wang, K., Wang, X., Cui, H., Zhao, Y., Zhu, P., & Chen, Z. (2022) · Emerging Microbes & Infections · doi:10.1080/22221751.2022.2059403 · Cited by 42
The efficacy assessment of convalescent plasma therapy for COVID-19 patients: a multi-center case series
Zeng, H., Wang, D., Nie, J., Liang, H., Gu, J., Zhao, A., Xu, L., Lang, C., Cui, X., Guo, X., et al. (2020) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-020-00329-x · Cited by 41
Self-citation
A Simplified SARS-CoV-2 Pseudovirus Neutralization Assay
Donofrío, G., Franceschi, V., Macchi, F., Russo, L., Rocci, A., Marchica, V., Costa, F., Giuliani, N., Ferrari, C. I., & Missale, G. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines9040389 · Cited by 42
Impact of mutations in SARS-COV-2 spike on viral infectivity and antigenicity
Zhou, W., Xu, C., Wang, P., Anashkina, A. A., & Jiang, Q. (2021) · Briefings in Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bib/bbab375 · Cited by 42
Diagnostic Efficiency of Three Fully Automated Serology Assays and Their Correlation with a Novel Surrogate Virus Neutralization Test in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic SARS-COV-2 Individuals
Younes, S. N., Al-Jighefee, H. T., Shurrab, F. M., Al‐Sadeq, D. W., Younes, N., Dargham, S. R., Al-Dewik, N. I. E., Qotba, H. A., Syed, M. A., Alnuaimi, A. S., et al. (2021) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms9020245 · Cited by 41
Antibody Affinity Governs the Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Spike/ACE2 Binding in Patient Serum
Fiedler, S., Piziorska, M. A., Denninger, V., Morgunov, A. S., Ilsley, A., Malik, A. Y., Schneider, M. M., Devenish, S. R. A., Meisl, G., Kosmoliaptsis, V., et al. (2021) · ACS Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00047 · Cited by 43
Danshensu alleviates pseudo-typed SARS-CoV-2 induced mouse acute lung inflammation
Wang, W., Li, S., Xu, X., Yang, C., Niu, X., Yin, S., Pan, X., Xü, W., Hu, G., Wang, C., et al. (2021) · Acta Pharmacologica Sinica · doi:10.1038/s41401-021-00714-4 · Cited by 40
SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Development: An Overview and Perspectives
Liu, Y., Wang, K., Massoud, T. F., & Paulmurugan, R. (2020) · ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science · doi:10.1021/acsptsci.0c00109 · Cited by 40

Authors: Nie, J., Li, Q., Wu, J., Zhao, C., Hao, H., Liu, H., Zhang, L., Nie, L., Qin, H., Wang, M., Lu, Q., Li, X., Sun, Q., Liu, J., Fan, C., Huang, W., Xu, M., & Wang, Y.
Affiliations: National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (CN)
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CN)
Corresponding author: Huang, Weijin
Xu, Miao
Wang, Youchun
ORCID: Nie, Jianhui
Li, Qianqian
Wu, Jiajing
Zhao, Chenyan
Liu, Huan
Zhang, Li
Nie, Lingling
Wang, Meng
Lu, Qiong
Li, Xiaoyu
Sun, Qiyu
Fan, Changfa
Huang, Weijin
Xu, Miao
Wang, Youchun
Venue: Emerging Microbes & Infections
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2020-01
Volume: 9
Issue: 1
Pages: 680-686
ISSN: 2222-1751 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1743767
PMC: PMC7144318
OpenAlex: W3012650581
Cited by: 711
References: 27
Citations by year: 2026: 21 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 73 · 2023: 95 · 2022: 157 · 2021: 186 · 2020: 141
FWCI: 19.06
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (unspecified)
Locations: Emerging Microbes & Infections (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Informationszentrum Lebenswissenschaften (ZB MED) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Virus Infections Studies
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, pseudovirus neutralization assay, neutralizing antibodies, biosafety level 2, convalescent sera, assay validation, detection limit, cut-off values, COVID-19 treatment
MeSH terms: Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 Serotherapy, Animals, Antibodies, Viral, Cell Line, Humans, Immune Sera, Immunization, Passive, Membrane Glycoproteins, Neutralization Tests, Plasmids, Pneumonia, Viral, Sensitivity and Specificity, Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus, Viral Envelope Proteins, Reproducibility of Results, Coronavirus Infections, Mice, Virus Internalization, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Limit of Detection, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Establishment and validation of a pseudovirus neutralization assay for SARS-CoV-2

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Figures

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks