The DOI matches its Crossref record; 209 of the 210 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Political communication in a high-choice media environment: a challenge for democracy?
Open accessAbstract
During the last decennia media environments and political communication systems have changed fundamentally. These changes have major ramifications for the political information environments and the extent to which they aid people in becoming informed citizens. Against this background, the purpose of this article is to review research on key changes and trends in political information environments and assess their democratic implications. We will focus on advanced postindustrial democracies and six concerns that are all closely linked to the dissemination and acquisition of political knowledge: (1) declining supply of political information, (2) declining quality of news, (3) increasing media concentration and declining diversity of news, (4) increasing fragmentation and polarization, (5) increasing relativism and (6) increasing inequality in political knowledge.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“la evidencia sobre sus efectos en la polarización afectiva es mixta o, en ocasiones, poco concluyente (Aelst et al., 2017;Iyengar et al., 2019).”
From Dieta mediática y polarización afectiva en un sistema mediático pluralista polarizado: un estudio longitudinal de España (2026) · cites this paper as Aelst et al., 2017
In the citing paper
“Users of social media platforms can choose to be exposed to conversations with like-minded users and content that reflects their thinking, thus reinforcing their existing preferences or beliefs [11,12].”
From A systematic review of echo chamber research: comparative analysis of conceptualizations, operationalizations, and varying outcomes (2025) · cites this paper as [11]
Citations
Cites
Hallin, D. C., & Mancini, P. (2004) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511790867 · Cited by 5,986
What Americans Know about Politics and Why It Matters
Carpini, M. X. D., & Keeter, S. (1996) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2655098 · Cited by 4,864
(2011) · Cited by 4,430
Motivated Skepticism in the Evaluation of Political Beliefs
Taber, C. S., & Lodge, M. (2006) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2006.00214.x · Cited by 4,344
(2011) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.48-6243 · Cited by 3,575
(1962) · Columbia University Press eBooks · doi:10.7312/grau91070-013 · Cited by 3,328
Digital divide: civic engagement, information poverty, and the Internet worldwide
Tefft, S. (2002) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.40-1165 · Cited by 2,940
Digital Divide: Civic Engagement, Information Poverty, and the Internet Worldwide
Norris, P. (2001) · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139164887 · Cited by 2,921
The media and modernity: a social theory of the media
(1996) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.34-0106 · Cited by 2,174
Red Media, Blue Media: Evidence of Ideological Selectivity in Media Use
Iyengar, S., & Hahn, K. S. (2009) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2008.01402.x · Cited by 1,940
Research works printed but not linked: 17
- Barber M., 2013, Negotiating agreement in politics, 37
- 10.2307/1558352 · DOI
- Berelson B. R., 1954, Voting
- Blach-Ørsten M., 2016, Politik, 19
- 10.1093/esr/jcq05 · DOI
- Cook T., 1998, Governing with the news
- Davis A., 2014, Political journalism in transition. Western Europe in a comparative perspective, 111
- Ho D. E., 2009, Stanford Law Review, 61, 781
- Lippmann W., 1922, Public Opinion
- Mitchell A., 2016, The modern news consumer
- Papathanasopoulos S., 2011, European media structures, policies and identities
- Patterson T. E., 2013, Informing the news
- Reinemann C., 2016, Comparing political communication, 131
- Spivak C., 2011, American Journalism Review, 32, 38
- Tambini D., 2015, International Journal of Communication, 9, 1400
- Webster J. G., 2007, Media diversity and localism: Meaning and metrics, 309
- Zaller J., 1999, Market Competition and News Quality
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 973
Hameleers, M. (2024) · European Journal of Communication · doi:10.1177/02673231241271015 · Cited by 11
Tran, H. D., & Diep, P. P. U. (2024) · Communication and the Public · doi:10.1177/20570473241269064 · Cited by 8
Kluknavská, A., & Havlík, V. (2024) · Politische Vierteljahresschrift · doi:10.1007/s11615-024-00580-9 · Cited by 7
Droog, E., Vermeulen, I., van Huijstee, D., Harutyunyan, D., Tejedor, S., & Pulido, C. (2025) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/00936502251363705 · Cited by 20
Campaigning in the Age of Platforms: A Longitudinal Analysis of German Parties & Politicians
Cowburn, M., Klinger, U., & Larsson, A. O. (2025) · Political Communication · doi:10.1080/10584609.2025.2575328 · Cited by 7
Metrics of News Audience Polarization: Same or Different?
Mangold, F., & Scharkow, M. (2022) · Communication Methods and Measures · doi:10.1080/19312458.2022.2085249 · Cited by 7
Hameleers, M. (2023) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/00027642231174334 · Cited by 7
Marques, F. P. J., & Vos, T. P. (2023) · International Communication Gazette · doi:10.1177/17480485231177887 · Cited by 7
Frei, N. K., Wyss, V., & Weber, W. (2023) · Journal of Children and Media · doi:10.1080/17482798.2023.2278141 · Cited by 11
BİLİŞLİ, Y., Çakmak, F., Zetter, S. A., & Ünal, M. I. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38667 · Cited by 13
Balčytienė, A. (2025) · Media and Communication · doi:10.17645/mac.9038 · Cited by 10
Matthes, J., Zoizner, A., Nanz, A., Hopmann, D. N., Theocharis, Y., & Noetzel, S. (2025) · Digital Journalism · doi:10.1080/21670811.2024.2436548 · Cited by 8
Self-citation‘Restricted’ digital/media repertoires in rural Kenya: a constructive critique
Wildermuth, N. (2020) · Information Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/1369118x.2020.1853791 · Cited by 7
Can I Stick to My Guns? Motivated Reasoning and Biased Processing of Balanced Political Information
Brenes-Peralta, C., Wojcieszak, M., & Yphtach Lelkes, B. (2021) · Communication & Society · doi:10.15581/003.34.2.49-66 · Cited by 8
Shahid, M. N., Hassan, W., & Sadaf, L. (2021) · Journal of Political Marketing · doi:10.1080/15377857.2021.1930328 · Cited by 7
Ödmark, S. (2021) · Journal of Media Ethics · doi:10.1080/23736992.2021.1967158 · Cited by 9
What Drives Selective Exposure to Political Information in Spain?
Ordaz, L. V., & Humanes, M. L. (2021) · Advances in public policy and administration (APPA) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-8057-8.ch006 · Cited by 7
Doerr, N., & Gardner, B. G. (2022) · Translation in Society · doi:10.1075/tris.21008.doe · Cited by 7
Examining instructional practices in news media literacy: shifts in instruction and co-construction
Spikes, M. A., & Rapp, D. N. (2022) · Information and Learning Sciences · doi:10.1108/ils-08-2021-0072 · Cited by 9
Consumo de información en redes sociales en tiempos de pandemia
Zunino, E. A., Kessler, G., & Vommaro, G. (2022) · InMediaciones de la Comunicación · doi:10.18861/ic.2022.17.1.3231 · Cited by 7
Fueling Toxicity? Studying Deceitful Opinion Leaders and Behavioral Changes of Their Followers
Guldemond, P., Casas, A., & van der Velden, M. A. C. G. (2022) · Politics and Governance · doi:10.17645/pag.v10i4.5756 · Cited by 10
La esfera pública en la encrucijada: fragmentación, crisis del periodismo y desinformación
Iranzo-Cabrera, M., Calvo, D., & Ordaz, L. V. (2022) · Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodístico · doi:10.5209/esmp.84506 · Cited by 12
Combating Disinformation or Reinforcing Cognitive Bias: Effect of Weibo Poster’s Location Disclosure
Chang, L., Liu, J., Yang, T., & Xu, J. (2023) · Media and Communication · doi:10.17645/mac.v11i2.6506 · Cited by 7
Generational Patterns of Digital News Consumption
Vozab, D. (2020) · Medijske studije · doi:10.20901/ms.10.20.6 · Cited by 7
Helgason, A. F., Harðarson, Ó. Þ., Ólafsson, J. G., Önnudóttir, E. H., & Þórisdóttir, H. (2022) · Icelandic Review of Politics & Administration · doi:10.13177/irpa.a.2022.18.1.1 · Cited by 7
Beyond the Darkness: Research on Participation in Online Media and Discourse
de Vreese, C. H. (2021) · Media and Communication · doi:10.17645/mac.v9i1.3815 · Cited by 7
Magin, M., Larsson, A. O., Skogerbø, E., & Tønnesen, H. (2024) · Politics and Governance · doi:10.17645/pag.8207 · Cited by 6
Why is immigration important to you? A revisit to public issue salience and elite cues
Jin, S. (2024) · European Journal of Political Research · doi:10.1111/1475-6765.12708 · Cited by 6
Fisher, C., Park, S., Fulton, J., Dulleck, U., & Flew, T. (2025) · Media International Australia · doi:10.1177/1329878x251322980 · Cited by 6
Cazzamatta, R. (2025) · Publizistik · doi:10.1007/s11616-025-00892-9 · Cited by 7
Can AI-Attributed News Challenge Partisan News Selection? Evidence from a Conjoint Experiment
Zoizner, A., Matthes, J., Corbu, N., de Vreese, C. H., Esser, F., Koç-Michalska, K., Schemer, C., Theocharis, Y., & Zilinsky, J. (2025) · The International Journal of Press/Politics · doi:10.1177/19401612251342679 · Cited by 9
Self-citationZhang, X.-Z., Kim, H. K., & Zhou, S.-H. (2025) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2025.108748 · Cited by 9
News Use, Political Knowledge, and Misperceptions in 18 Countries across the Global North
Aelst, P. V., Gehle, L., Schemer, C., Strömbäck, J., & Zoizner, A. (2026) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009632430 · Cited by 6
Self-citationMedienqualität in der digitalen Ära. Konzeptuelle Herausforderungen und erste Antworten
Eisenegger, M., & Udris, L. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-34633-1_6 · Cited by 6
Syahputra, I., Riyanto, W. F., Pratiwi, F. D., & Virga, R. L. (2023) · Media Asia · doi:10.1080/01296612.2023.2246726 · Cited by 17
Valli, C., de León, E., & Makhortykh, M. (2024) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2024.112735 · Cited by 6
La Batalla Cultural en YouTube
Puey, F. C., Ortega, C. G., & Rodríguez, J. (2024) · VISUAL REVIEW International Visual Culture Review / Revista Internacional de Cultura Visual · doi:10.62161/revvisual.v16.5261 · Cited by 10
Ovaska, L. (2024) · Convergence The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies · doi:10.1177/13548565241283434 · Cited by 6
Garusi, D., & Miro, C. J. (2024) · Media Culture & Society · doi:10.1177/01634437241291453 · Cited by 6
Media-centric or Politics-centric Political Communication Research? Some Reflections
Strömbäck, J. (2021) · Political Communication · doi:10.1080/10584609.2021.1966598 · Cited by 6
Self-citationEynde, G. V., & Maddens, B. (2023) · Political Studies · doi:10.1177/00323217231179189 · Cited by 6
Scacco, J. M., Coe, K., & Hearit, L. B. (2018) · Annals of the International Communication Association · doi:10.1080/23808985.2018.1433962 · Cited by 6
Coffey, A. J. (2018) · The International Journal on Media Management · doi:10.1080/14241277.2018.1557192 · Cited by 6
Political informing through social media across Europe - factors and effects
Petrović, D., & Bešić, M. (2019) · Sociologija · doi:10.2298/soc1904565p · Cited by 6
The Promise and Perils of Voice
Moy, P. (2020) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1093/joc/jqz049 · Cited by 6
Schaewitz, L., Flanagin, A. J., Hoss, T., Kölmel, L., Metzger, M. J., Winter, S., & Krämer, N. C. (2022) · Western Journal of Communication · doi:10.1080/10570314.2022.2100471 · Cited by 6
Symposium on political communication and social movements: ships passing in the night
Rohlinger, D. A. (2019) · Information Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/1369118x.2019.1568514 · Cited by 7
Rethinking Media Research for Changing Societies
(2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108886260 · Cited by 10
Beyond a fragmented account of conflicts in communication: a framework of informational conflicts
Zhao, W., Jin, Y., van der Meer, T. G. L. A., Hameleers, M., & Lu, X. (2025) · Annals of the International Communication Association · doi:10.1093/anncom/wlae003 · Cited by 5
Hameleers, M. (2025) · Communications · doi:10.1515/commun-2024-0060 · Cited by 4
False consensus beliefs and populist attitudes
Steiner, N. D., Landwehr, C., & Harms, P. (2025) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/pops.70026 · Cited by 5
What They say and What They do … Young Swedish Citizens’ Strategies for Finding News
Holt, K., Wahlberg, M., Din, M. E. E., Nykvist, A., & Dahlén, P. (2025) · Journalism Practice · doi:10.1080/17512786.2025.2496938 · Cited by 6
Yavetz, G., Zumofen, R., & Mabillard, V. (2025) · Armed Forces & Society · doi:10.1177/0095327x251365854 · Cited by 5
Science and the crisis of trust
van der Meer, T. G. L. A., & Hameleers, M. (2025) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2025.102202 · Cited by 5
Hostility and democratic erosion: introducing the Political Hostility Scale (PHOS)
Dodeigne, J. (2025) · Democratization · doi:10.1080/13510347.2025.2581840 · Cited by 9
Zhou, S., & Yang, X. (2024) · Journalism · doi:10.1177/14648849241246407 · Cited by 11
La esfera pública postmediática
García, G. L., & Ordaz, L. V. (2024) · Debats: Revista de cultura, poder i societat · doi:10.28939/iam.debats-138-1.7 · Cited by 5
Politische Kommunikationsforschung im Wandel
Zerback, T., Marschall, S., Königslöw, K. K., & Borucki, I. R. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-26242-6_56-1 · Cited by 5
Henke, J., Holtrup, S., & Möhring, W. (2022) · Journalism Studies · doi:10.1080/1461670x.2022.2044889 · Cited by 5
Seethaler, J., & Melischek, G. (2022) · European Journal of Communication · doi:10.1177/02673231221111910 · Cited by 5
Changing Media Landscapes and Political Participation
dos Santos, M. L. B., & Valenzuela, S. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198861126.013.50 · Cited by 5
Social media use and polarized redistributive attitudes: a comparative and causal perspective
Jung, H., & Lee, S. (2023) · Information Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/1369118x.2023.2214597 · Cited by 5
Udris, L., Stark, B., Magin, M., Jandura, O., Riedl, A. A., Klein, M., Hofstetter, B., & Guix, R. P. (2023) · Medien & Kommunikationswissenschaft · doi:10.5771/1615-634x-2023-1-2-61 · Cited by 5
Corbu, N., Bârgăoanu, A., Udrea, G., & Gavrilescu, M. (2023) · Social Science Information · doi:10.1177/05390184231205174 · Cited by 8
van Erkel, P. F. A., & Aelst, P. V. (2024) · Acta Politica · doi:10.1057/s41269-023-00324-4 · Cited by 5
Siemon, M., Maier, D., & Pfetsch, B. (2024) · Women s Studies in Communication · doi:10.1080/07491409.2023.2287756 · Cited by 8
Kazun, A. (2024) · Мир России · doi:10.17323/1811-038x-2024-33-2-77-94 · Cited by 5
Link, E., Baumann, E., Schrimpff, C., Fisse, T., & Klimmt, C. (2024) · Science Communication · doi:10.1177/10755470241253815 · Cited by 7
Ólafsson, J. G., & Jóhannsdóttir, V. (2024) · Javnost - The Public · doi:10.1080/13183222.2024.2383905 · Cited by 5
Biased, Not Balanced Broadcaster! Deconstructing Bias Accusations Toward Public Service Media
Gravesteijn, E., van Elsas, E., & Gattermann, K. (2024) · Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1177/10776990241284587 · Cited by 5
Fuchs trifft Marx – oder: Die große Frage nach der Totalität
Lobigs, F. (2017) · Publizistik · doi:10.1007/s11616-017-0377-x · Cited by 5
Minimizing Knowledge Scepticism – Resourcing Students through Media and Information Literacy
Drotner, K. (2020) · European Review · doi:10.1017/s1062798720000903 · Cited by 5
Crisis Misinformation and Corrective Strategies in Social-Mediated Crisis Communication
van der Meer, T. G. L. A., & Jin, Y. (2022) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003043409-15 · Cited by 5
The role of affective and cognitive attitude extremity in perceived viewpoint diversity exposure
Zerback, T., & Kobilke, L. (2022) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/14614448221117484 · Cited by 6
Political Polarisation on Social Media: Competing Understandings of Democracy in Turkey
Türkoğlu, D., Odabaş, M., Tunaoglu, D., & Yavaş, M. (2022) · South European Society & Politics · doi:10.1080/13608746.2023.2200901 · Cited by 7
New Approaches to Method and Measurement in the Study of Political Communication Effects
Krupnikov, Y., & Searles, K. (2018) · Political Communication · doi:10.1080/10584609.2018.1526239 · Cited by 5
Schulz, W. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-24824-6_13 · Cited by 5
Hallin, D. C. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108886260.004 · Cited by 6
Ordaz, L. V., & Doménech-Beltrán, J. (2020) · El Profesional de la Informacion · doi:10.3145/epi.2020.nov.16 · Cited by 5
Digital Transformation as Organizational Change for Political Parties – a narrative reviewPreprint
Borucki, I. R. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4098439 · Cited by 5
Patterns of Persistence: Studying News Repertoires Before, During, and After Covid-19
Valenzuela, S., Bachmann, I., & Valdés, N. S. (2025) · Journalism Studies · doi:10.1080/1461670x.2025.2462535 · Cited by 4
Hameleers, M., & van der Meer, T. G. L. A. (2025) · Political Communication · doi:10.1080/10584609.2025.2514595 · Cited by 4
Combatting the persuasive effects of misinformation: Forewarning versus debunking revisited
van Huijstee, D., Vermeulen, I., Kerkhof, P., & Droog, E. (2025) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/14614448251359988 · Cited by 6
Yu, X., Barnehl, H.-M., & Wojcieszak, M. (2025) · Information Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/1369118x.2025.2565333 · Cited by 4
Vozab, D. (2023) · Revija za sociologiju · doi:10.5613/rzs.53.2.4 · Cited by 4
Kluknavská, A., Eisele, O., Bartkowska, M., & Kriegler, N. (2024) · Information Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/1369118x.2024.2357708 · Cited by 4
The impacts of new propaganda media use on youth's political socialization
Liu, Y., & Li, X. (2024) · Asian Journal of Communication · doi:10.1080/01292986.2024.2394057 · Cited by 4
Reporting AI in Political Disinformation: Journalistic Discourses in European Quality Newspapers
Rivas-de-Roca, R., Pérez-Curiel, C., & Casero-Ripollés, A. (2025) · Journalism Practice · doi:10.1080/17512786.2025.2505961 · Cited by 4
Morosoli, S., & Humprecht, E. (2025) · Journal of Elections Public Opinion and Parties · doi:10.1080/17457289.2025.2514200 · Cited by 6
Public Opinion Negotiations in a Digital Media Ecosystem: A Conceptual Framework
Baden, C., Kligler-Vilenchik, N., Springer, N., Jungblut, M., Zelenkauskaitė, A., Balčytienė, A., Salgado, S., Lipiński, A., Krstić, A., & Bączkowska, A. (2025) · International Journal of Public Opinion Research · doi:10.1093/ijpor/edaf049 · Cited by 7
Self-citationInterest, media use, and participation in the 2019 Spanish election campaign
Díaz, A. C., & Esparcia, A. C. (2021) · El Profesional de la Informacion · doi:10.3145/epi.2021.nov.07 · Cited by 4
Journalistische Produktion und Auswahl
Neuberger, C. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-26233-4_19 · Cited by 4
Rothut, S., Sacher, A.-L., Strohmeier, R., & Reinemann, C. (2023) · Studies in Communication and Media · doi:10.5771/2192-4007-2023-1-48 · Cited by 4
Self-citationMedia events in an age of “cross-media”: a smartphone diary app study
Lev‐On, A., & Lowenstein-Barkai, H. (2023) · Online Information Review · doi:10.1108/oir-11-2021-0593 · Cited by 4
Zerback, T., & Schneiders, P. (2024) · Journalism · doi:10.1177/14648849231226030 · Cited by 4
Coping with Negative News: Emotional Experience of Doomscrolling
Kazun, A., & Malygina, N. (2024) · Inter · doi:10.19181/inter.2024.16.4.5 · Cited by 4
Medien und öffentliche Kommunikation aus (medien)politischer Perspektive
Donges, P. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-44284-2_9 · Cited by 4
Quality of Journalism and Media Freedom in Europe: The fsQCA Approach
Trbojević, F., Berglez, P., Vozab, D., Ots, M., & Peruško, Z. (2025) · Central European Journal of Communication · doi:10.51480/1899-5101.18.1(39).686 · Cited by 4
Schulz, W. (2019) · Studies in Communication and Media · doi:10.5771/2192-4007-2019-1-77 · Cited by 4
The role of sex and gender in search behavior for political information on the internet
Kessler, S. H., & Langmann, K. (2020) · Communications · doi:10.1515/commun-2019-0137 · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Van Aelst, P., Strömbäck, J., Aalberg, T., Esser, F., de Vreese, C., Matthes, J., Hopmann, D., Salgado, S., Hubé, N., Stępińska, A., Papathanassopoulos, S., Berganza, R., Legnante, G., Reinemann, C., Sheafer, T., & Stanyer, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Gothenburg (SE)
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO)
- University of Zurich (CH)
- University of Amsterdam (NL)
- University of Vienna (AT)
- University of Southern Denmark (DK)
- University of Lisbon (PT)
- Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (FR)
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (PL)
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR)
- Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (ES)
- University of Pavia (IT)
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE)
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem (IL)
- Loughborough University (GB)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Annals of the International Communication Association
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2017-01-02
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 3-27
- ISSN
- 2380-8977 (ISSN-L)
- 2380-8985
- OpenAlex
- W2563852632
- Cited by
- 974
- References
- 210
- Citations by year
- 2026: 94 · 2025: 124 · 2024: 123 · 2023: 125 · 2022: 143 · 2021: 132 · 2020: 104 · 2019: 79 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 11
- FWCI
- 148.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- handle.uba.uva.nl
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Annals of the International Communication Association (publishedVersion)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- BIBSYS Brage (BIBSYS (Norway)) (submittedVersion)
- Loughborough University Institutional Repository (Loughborough University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Loughborough University Research Repository (Loughborough University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Communication › News Media Framing and Political Communication
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Media Influence and Politics
- Social Sciences › Communication › Social Media and Politics
- Keywords
- political communication, political information environment, democracy, political knowledge, news quality, media concentration, news diversity, media fragmentation, political polarization, relativism, citizen information
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review