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Interleukin (IL)-6 directs the differentiation of IL-4-producing CD4+ T cells
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Interleukin (IL)-4 is the most potent factor that causes naive CD4+ T cells to differentiate to the T helper cell (Th) 2 phenotype, while IL-12 and interferon γ trigger the differentiation of Th1 cells. However, the source of the initial polarizing IL-4 remains unclear. Here, we show that IL-6, probably secreted by antigen-presenting cells, is able to polarize naive CD4+ T cells to effector Th2 cells by inducing the initial production of IL-4 in CD4+ T cells. These results show that the nature of the cytokine (IL-12 or IL-6), which is produced by antigen-presenting cells in response to a particular pathogen, is a key factor in determining the nature of the immune response.
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“In addition to the aforementioned role of IL-6 on Tfh cells, IL-6 is known to direct the differentiation of IL-4-producing T helper type 2 (Th2) cells, while it inhibits the differentiation of IFNγ-producing Th1 cells (155).”
From IL-6 in inflammation, autoimmunity and cancer (2021) · cites this paper as [155]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Rincón, M., Anguita, J., Nakamura, T., Fikrig, E., & Flavell, R. A.
- Affiliations
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- From the *Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8011; ‡Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-9031; and §Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8011
- Venue
- The Journal of Experimental Medicine
- Publisher
- Rockefeller University Press
- Published
- 1997-02-03
- Volume
- 185
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 461-470
- ISSN
- 0022-1007 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-9538
- PMC
- PMC2196041
- OpenAlex
- W2150763544
- Cited by
- 810
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 29.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-sa
- Locations
- The Journal of Experimental Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5p01ai030548-09)
- National Cancer Institute (CA-65861, R01CA065861)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (1-P01-AI30548)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions
- Keywords
- interleukin-6, IL-4, CD4+ T cells, Th2 differentiation, Th1 differentiation, antigen-presenting cells, immune regulation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antigen-Presenting Cells, Cell Differentiation, Mice, Inbred C57BL, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Interleukin-4, Interleukin-6, Mice
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