The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Induction of HIV-1 Replication in Latently Infected CD4+ T Cells Using a Combination of Cytokines
Open accessAbstract
Although it has been demonstrated that certain cytokines, particularly proinflammatory cytokines, can enhance ongoing viral replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of HIV-1–infected individuals, it is unclear what role these cytokines play in the induction of HIV-1 replication in latently infected, resting CD4+ T cells. This study demonstrates that the in vitro combination of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α together with the immunoregulatory cytokine IL-2 are potent inducers of viral replication in highly purified, latently infected, resting CD4+ T cells derived from HIV-infected individuals who are antiretroviral therapy–naive as well as those who are receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Viral replication induced by this combination of cytokines was completely suppressed in the presence of HAART in vitro. Given that an array of cytokines, including IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-2, are copiously expressed in the microenvironment of the lymphoid tissues, which harbor the latent viral reservoirs, induction of HIV by this combination of cytokines may in part explain the commonly observed reappearance of detectable plasma viremia in HIV-infected individuals in whom HAART was discontinued. Moreover, since it is likely that these infected cells die upon activation of virus and that HAART prevents spread of virus to adjacent cells, the observation that this combination of cytokines can markedly induce viral replication in this reservoir may have important implications for the activation-mediated diminution of the latent reservoir of HIV in patients receiving HAART.
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Cites
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Cited by
HIV reproducibly establishes a latent infection after acute infection of T cells in vitro
Jordan, A., Bisgrove, D., & Verdin, E. (2003) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/cdg188 · Cited by 914
Comparative Analysis of Measures of Viral Reservoirs in HIV-1 Eradication Studies
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Cytokine Signals Are Sufficient for HIV-1 Infection of Resting Human T Lymphocytes
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Latent reservoirs of HIV: Obstacles to the eradication of virus
Chun, T.-W., & Fauci, A. S. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.20.10958 · Cited by 342
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Metadata
- Authors
- Chun, T.-W., Engel, D., Mizell, S. B., Ehler, L. A., & Fauci, A. S.
- Venue
- The Journal of Experimental Medicine
- Publisher
- Rockefeller University Press
- Published
- 1998-07-01
- Volume
- 188
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 83-91
- ISSN
- 0022-1007 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-9538
- OpenAlex
- W2155675552
- Cited by
- 359
- References
- 39
- FWCI
- 7.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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- Chun, T.-W., Engel, D., Mizell, S. B., Ehler, L. A., & Fauci, A. S. (1998). Induction of HIV-1 Replication in Latently Infected CD4+ T Cells Using a Combination of Cytokines. The Journal of Experimental Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.188.1.83
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
