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Expression of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-7 receptors discriminates between human regulatory and activated T cells
Open accessAbstract
Abnormalities in CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T (T reg) cells have been implicated in susceptibility to allergic, autoimmune, and immunoinflammatory conditions. However, phenotypic and functional assessment of human T reg cells has been hampered by difficulty in distinguishing between CD25-expressing activated and regulatory T cells. Here, we show that expression of CD127, the α chain of the interleukin-7 receptor, allows an unambiguous flow cytometry–based distinction to be made between CD127lo T reg cells and CD127hi conventional T cells within the CD25+CD45RO+RA− effector/memory and CD45RA+RO− naive compartments in peripheral blood and lymph node. In healthy volunteers, peripheral blood CD25+CD127lo cells comprised 6.35 ± 0.26% of CD4+ T cells, of which 2.05 ± 0.14% expressed the naive subset marker CD45RA. Expression of FoxP3 protein and the CD127lo phenotype were highly correlated within the CD4+CD25+ population. Moreover, both effector/memory and naive CD25+CD127lo cells manifested suppressive activity in vitro, whereas CD25+CD127hi cells did not. Cell surface expression of CD127 therefore allows accurate estimation of T reg cell numbers and isolation of pure populations for in vitro studies and should contribute to our understanding of regulatory abnormalities in immunopathic diseases.
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“In terms of surface phenotype, the best accepted combination of markers is high expression of the IL-2 receptor α chain (CD25) and low expression of the IL-7R α chain (CD127) [134, 385].”
From Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (third edition) (2021) · cites this paper as [385]
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“In the case of CD127, the α chain of the IL-7 receptor, low to undetectable expression levels have also been used to identify Tregs among CD4CD25 cells (25).”
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“Later, it was shown that low expression of CD127, the α-chain of the IL7 receptor, acts as an additional marker for the characterization of Treg cells among CD4+CD25high T cells (25, 26).”
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“Unlike IL-2, IL-7 does not induce Treg proliferation, as IL-7Rα is expressed at low levels on this suppressive lymphocyte population (132, 133).”
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“To address this, we sorted CD4 T cells using CD127 as a marker of non-Treg cells as recently reported (31, 32).”
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“Additionally, a previous study of Treg found that the CD25hi CD127lo phenotype appeared to be reflecting the high levels of immune activation found in viremic progressors and did not correlate with levels of FOXP3 CD25hi T cells (21).”
BackgroundInfluentialImpaired in vitro regulatory T cell function associated with Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome
Adriani, M., Aoki, J., Horai, R., Thornton, A. M., Konno, A., Kirby, M., Anderson, S. M., Siegel, R. M., Candotti, F., & Schwartzberg, P. L. (2007) · Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.clim.2007.02.001 · Cited by 105
“Because in humans, FOXP3 can be transiently expressed in some activated CD4+ cells (27), we examined CD127 expression on sorted populations, which is inversely correlated with Treg function (28,29).”
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BackgroundLiberal, R., Grant, C. R., Holder, B. S., Cardone, J., Martínez‐Llordella, M., Ma, Y., Heneghan, M. A., Mieli‐Vergani, G., Vergani, D., & Longhi, M. S. (2015) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.27884 · Cited by 103
Moving to tolerance: Clinical application of T regulatory cells
McMurchy, A. N., Bushell, A., Levings, M. K., & Wood, K. J. (2011) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2011.04.001 · Cited by 101
“The second combination also uses CD4 and CD25 but includes an antibody to CD127 (IL-7Rα) on the basis that in human nTreg, there is a reciprocal expression of CD127 and FOXP3 and thus CD127 provides a sort-able surrogate maker for FOXP3+ nTreg [62, 63].”
BackgroundPhysical exercise modulates the homeostasis of human regulatory T cells
Weinhold, M., Shimabukuro‐Vornhagen, A., Franke, A., Theurich, S., Wahl, P., Hallek, M. J., Schmidt, A., Schinköthe, T., Mester, J., von Bergwelt‐Baildon, M., et al. (2016) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2015.10.035 · Cited by 102
Esendağlı, G., Bruderek, K., Goldmann, T., Busche, A., Branscheid, D., Vollmer, E., & Brandau, S. (2007) · Lung Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.lungcan.2007.07.022 · Cited by 100
Tabares, P., Berr, S., Römer, P. S., Chuvpilo, S., Matskevich, A. A., Tyrsin, D., Fedotov, Y., Einsele, H., Tony, H., & Hünig, T. (2014) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.201343967 · Cited by 97
Golding, A., Hasni, S., Illei, G. G., & Shevach, E. M. (2013) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.38119 · Cited by 99
“As an alternative approach to the analysis of Treg cells from SLE patients, we used the wellestablished phenotype CD25highCD127− (17).”
MethodInfluentialJiang, T. T., Chaturvedi, V., Ertelt, J. M., Kinder, J. M., Clark, D. R., Valent, A. M., Xin, L., & Way, S. S. (2014) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1400498 · Cited by 104
“However, although high-level CD25 expression has consistently identified cells with suppressive properties in vitro, their ability to restrain effector T cell activation in vivo remains incompletely defined, and diminished CD127 expression that more uniformly identifies suppressive cells has not been consistently used…”
BackgroundRegulatory T cell frequency and modulation of IFN-gamma and IL-17 in active and latent tuberculosis
Marín, N. D., París, S. C., Marín, V. M. V., Rojas, C. A., Rojas, M., & García, L. F. (2010) · Tuberculosis · doi:10.1016/j.tube.2010.05.003 · Cited by 99
Tangye, S. G., Pillay, B. A., Randall, K. L., Avery, D. T., Phan, T. G., Gray, P. E., Ziegler, J. B., Smart, J. M., Peake, J., Arkwright, P. D., et al. (2016) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2016.07.016 · Cited by 102
The Proportion of Regulatory T Cells in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Meta-Analysis
Morita, T., Shima, Y., Wing, J. B., Sakaguchi, S., Ogata, A., & Kumanogoh, A. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0162306 · Cited by 98
“One reason for this may be that the CD25 positive population contains FOXP3 negative effecter T cells [56].”
BackgroundImmune Reconstitution after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Children
de Koning, C. C. H., Plantinga, M., Besseling, P. J., Boelens, J. J., & Nierkens, S. (2015) · Transplantation and Cellular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.bbmt.2015.08.028 · Cited by 99
“Tregs are identi fi ed by a [71] with intracellular expression of the transcription factor FoxP3 [72].”
Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Escape
Ferrone, S., & Whiteside, T. L. (2007) · Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.soc.2007.08.004 · Cited by 99
Young, N. T., Waller, E. C. P., Patel, R., Roghanian, A., Austyn, J. M., & Trowsdale, J. (2007) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2007-05-089771 · Cited by 98
Homeostasis and Function of Regulatory T Cells in HIV/SIV Infection
Moreno‐Fernandez, M. E., Presicce, P., & Chougnet, C. A. (2012) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.00993-12 · Cited by 98
“Initially characterized in the mouse by the constitutive expression of the interleukin-2R (IL2R ) chain (CD25) (76), Tregs were shown in further studies to express low levels of the IL-7R chain (CD127) (52, 81).”
BackgroundModulating T‐cell homeostasis with IL‐7: preclinical and clinical studies
Capitini, C. M., Chisti, A. A., & Mackall, C. L. (2009) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2009.02085.x · Cited by 98
Regulatory T Cells and Transplantation Tolerance
Jiang, S., Lechler, R. I., He, X.-S., & Huang, J.-F. (2006) · Human Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2006.07.013 · Cited by 98
Tan, D., Yong, Y., Tan, H., Kamarulzaman, A., Tan, L., Lim, A. Y. F., JAMES, I. R., French, M. A., & Price, P. (2008) · HIV Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1468-1293.2008.00565.x · Cited by 98
Regulatory T Cells Are Reduced During Anti-CD25 Antibody Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis
Oh, U., Blevins, G., Griffith, C., Richert, N. D., Maric, D., Lee, C. R., McFarland, H. F., & Jacobson, S. (2009) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneurol.2009.16 · Cited by 97
Fayyad‐Kazan, H., Rouas, R., Fayyad‐Kazan, M., Badran, R., Zein, N. E., Lewalle, P., Najar, M., Hamade, E., Jebbawi, F., Merimi, M., et al. (2012) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m111.337154 · Cited by 104
T-regulatory cells in systemic lupus erythematosus
Cava, A. L. (2008) · Lupus · doi:10.1177/0961203308090028 · Cited by 96
Raimondi, G., Sumpter, T. L., Matta, B. M., Pillai, M., Corbitt, N., Yoram Vodovotz, B., Wang, Z., & Thomson, A. W. (2009) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0900936 · Cited by 96
“Additionally, an alternative strategy based on reduced expression of CD127 (IL7R) on Treg has been proposed (32, 33).”
BackgroundTran, T.-A., de Herve, M.-G. D. G., Hendel, H., Dembelé, B., le Névot, E., Abbed, K., Pallier, C., Goujard, C., Gasnault, J., Delfraissy, J., et al. (2008) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003305 · Cited by 105
“1A) as previously reported [24,25] and suppressed conventional CD4 T-cell proliferation following”
BackgroundMethodRegulatory T Helper Cells in Pregnancy and their Roles in Systemic versus Local Immune Tolerance
Ernerudh, J., Berg, G. E., & Mjösberg, J. (2011) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0897.2011.01049.x · Cited by 98
Regulatory T cells for tolerance
Kawai, K., Uchiyama, M., Hester, J., Wood, K. J., & Issa, F. (2017) · Human Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2017.12.013 · Cited by 99
Subcellular localization of FOXP 3 in human regulatory and nonregulatory T cells
Magg, T., Mannert, J., Ellwart, J. W., Schmid, I., & Albert, M. H. (2012) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.201141838 · Cited by 101
The Dendritic Cell-Regulatory T Lymphocyte Crosstalk Contributes to Tumor-Induced Tolerance
Janikashvili, N., Bonnotte, B., Katsanis, E., & Larmonier, N. (2011) · Clinical and Developmental Immunology · doi:10.1155/2011/430394 · Cited by 98
“CD127 expression has indeed been reported to inversely correlate with FoxP3 expression and the suppressive function of Treg [113, 114].”
BackgroundBetts, B. C., Abdel-Wahab, O. I., Curran, S. A., Angelo, E. T. S., Koppikar, P., Heller, G., Levine, R. L., & Young, J. W. (2011) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2011-06-363408 · Cited by 95
Miyara, M., Wing, K., & Sakaguchi, S. (2009) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.03.001 · Cited by 100
Wüest, T., Willette‐Brown, J., Durum, S. K., & Hurwitz, A. A. (2008) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.1107778 · Cited by 95
CD8+ regulatory T cells, their suppressive mechanisms, and regulation in cancer
Wang, R.-F. (2008) · Human Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2008.08.276 · Cited by 93
Kawashiri, S., Kawakami, A., Okada, A., Koga, T., Tamai, M., Yamasaki, S., Nakamura, H., Origuchi, T., Ida, H., & Eguchi, K. (2011) · The Journal of Rheumatology · doi:10.3899/jrheum.110283 · Cited by 93
“CD127, distinguishes Treg cells from activated T cells demonstrating a significant correlation between the FOXP3 and CD127 phenotype at the same time that it functionally suppresses the CD127 population [12, 13].”
BackgroundAltered homeostasis of CD4+ FoxP3+regulatory T‐cell subpopulations in systemic lupus erythematosus
Suen, J., Li, H., Jong, Y., Chiang, B., & Yen, J. (2008) · Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.02937.x · Cited by 93
Association of Serum Interleukin-7 Levels With the Development of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease
Dean, R. M., Fry, T. J., Mackall, C. L., Steinberg, S. M., Hakim, F. T., Fowler, D. H., Odom, J., Foley, J., Gress, R. E., & Bishop, M. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2008.17.1314 · Cited by 92
“IL-7 is produced constitutively by stromal cells and consumed by the available pool of resting T cells, all of which express the IL-7 receptor (IL-7R) at high levels except for CD4 CD25 regulatory T cells.(4) Systemic IL-7 levels increase during periods of lymphopenia to maintain naïve T-cell homeostasis and support t…”
BackgroundEnumeration of human peripheral blood dendritic cells throughout the life
Orsini, G., Legitimo, A., Failli, A., Massei, F., Biver, P., & Consolini, R. (2012) · International Immunology · doi:10.1093/intimm/dxs006 · Cited by 91
The targeting of immunosuppressive mechanisms in hematological malignancies
Andersen, M. H. (2014) · Leukemia · doi:10.1038/leu.2014.108 · Cited by 91
Induced regulatory T cells in inhibitory microenvironments created by cancer
Whiteside, T. L. (2014) · Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy · doi:10.1517/14712598.2014.927432 · Cited by 97
“Among T cells, Tregs express high levels of IL-2R (CD25) and are dependent on IL-2 for their development, growth and suppressor functions [45-47].”
BackgroundAn In Vitro System to Model the Establishment and Reactivation of HIV-1 Latency
Marini, A., Harper, J. M., & Romerio, F. (2008) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.181.11.7713 · Cited by 93
“Based on these features, we concluded that the population of CD25 cells contained CD4 CD45RA CD127FoxP3 natural naive regulatory cells described previously (19, 20).”
BackgroundJenabian, M.-A., Seddiki, N., Yatim, A., Carrière, M., Hulin, A., Younas, M., Ghadimi, E., Kök, A., Routy, J., Tremblay, A., et al. (2013) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003319 · Cited by 90
“(CD127) [2–5].”
Self-citationVenet, F., Lepape, A., & Monneret, G. (2011) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/cc10333 · Cited by 91
Correa‐Rocha, R., Pérez, A., Lorente, R., Ferrando‐Martínez, S., Leal, M., Gurbindo, D., & Muñoz‐Fernández, M. Á. (2012) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1038/pr.2012.6 · Cited by 93
“We analyzed the levels of this population identified as CD4+CD25+CD127low cells in neonates (Figure 2a (13)).”
BackgroundLonghi, M. S., Mitry, R. R., Samyn, M., Scalori, A., Hussain, M. J., Quaglia, A., Mieli‐Vergani, G., Ma, Y., & Vergani, D. (2009) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.22914 · Cited by 89
Metadata
- Authors
- Seddiki, N., Santner-Nanan, B., Martinson, J., Zaunders, J., Sasson, S., Landay, A., Solomon, M., Selby, W., Alexander, S. I., Nanan, R., Kelleher, A., & de St. Groth, B. F.
- Affiliations
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- 4Department of Paediatrics, University of Sydney, Western Clinical School, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Rush University Medical Center (US)
- St Vincent's Hospital Sydney (AU)
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (AU)
- Children's Hospital at Westmead (AU)
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- 1Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Experimental Medicine
- Publisher
- Rockefeller University Press
- Published
- 2006-07-03
- Volume
- 203
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1693-1700
- ISSN
- 0022-1007 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-9538
- PMC
- PMC2118333
- OpenAlex
- W2168628806
- Cited by
- 1,512
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 49 · 2020: 58 · 2019: 75 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 64 · 2016: 74 · 2015: 63 · 2014: 87 · 2013: 92 · 2012: 116
- FWCI
- 45.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journal of Experimental Medicine (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UNSWorks (University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America
- Crohn's and Colitis Foundation
- Medical Research Council
- National Health and Medical Research Council
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (P01AI055793, AI55793, U19AI055793)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › IL-33, ST2, and ILC Pathways
- Keywords
- regulatory T cells, CD127, interleukin-2 receptor, Foxp3, CD25, CD4+ T cells, naive T cells, effector memory T cells
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Lymphocyte Activation, Receptors, Interleukin-2, T-Lymphocyte Subsets, Receptors, Interleukin-7, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory
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