Increase of Learning Capability with Increase of Brain-Size
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“It is generally accepted that we can rank brains in terms of a hypothetical linear scale of intelligence or at least that we can make the assumption that there is a single species-independent measure of general intelligence (Dubois, 1923; Rensch, 1956; Jerison, 1973).”
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“Studies of cross-species differences in intelligence traditionally focused on differences in neural processing power, as estimated from the size of various structures in the brain (Jerison, 1973; Rensch, 1956).”
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“Rensch, 1956) or the relative size of particular brain components with certain behaviors or behavioral repertoires across related species (in paper wasps: Molina, Harris, & O’Donnell, 2009).”
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Parental provisioning drives brain size in birds
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“It has long been hypothesized that brain size is related to learning (e.g., Rensch 1956), and investigations of behavioural, morphological, and ecological correlates of brain size have featured prominently in avian cognition research (Miller and Tallarico 1974; Bennett and Harvey 1985; Lefebvre et…”
BackgroundFeeding versus social factors in cognitive evolution: can't we have it both ways?
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“There is considerable evidence that, even over a small size range and among closely related species, brain size influences cognitive capacities (Lashley, 1949; Rensch, 1956; Jerison, 1973, 1985; Eisenberg and Wilson, 1978; CluttonBrock and Harvey, 1980; Mace et al., 1981; Lefebre et al., 1997).”
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“When scaled to body size, minims had the largest brains, consistent with Haller’s rule (Rensch 1956), although these scaled differences were not significant, perhaps due to limits on neural circuit miniaturization 1 3 (Beutel et al.”
BackgroundExperimentelle Untersuchungen über die Sehschärfe und das Farbsehen einiger Huftiere
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“It took her about 330 trials, over a period ofseveral days, to consistently choose the reinforced pattern, for exam ple, the cross ( Rensch, 1956, 1957 ).”
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The impact of changing grasslands on Late Quaternary bison of the Southern Plains
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“The decrease in metapodial size suggests a decrease in overall body size, an important determinant for many biological functions and characters closely linked with overall fitness (Newell, 1949; Rensch, 1956; Calder, 1984).”
BackgroundBrain growth in young mice: Evidence on the theory of phrenoblysis
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“A number of selective advantages associated with this trend include a shift in diet to resources of higher availability (Damuth, 1993), increased physical ability in predator-prey and competitive interactions (Stanley, 1973), more stable metabolic and thermoregulatory processes (Speakman, 2005), an increase in longevi…”
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“However, relative brain size does increase with decreasing body size, a phenomenon described by Haller's rule (Rensch, 1948, 1956).”
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“…brain size as a proxy for behavioural fl exibility because among birds it is positively correlated with problem solving ability 18 , foraging innovation 20 , learning 21 , memory 22 , neuron numbers 17,23 and particularly with the volume of pallial areas important for general-domain cognition 24 .”
Miniature spiders (with miniature brains) forget sooner
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“The scarcity of evidence in the literature for limitations in small brains is not for lack of effort d biologists have been curious about brain size for decades (e.g. Cole, 1985; Eberhard, 2007; Eberhard & Wcislo, 2011; Eisenberg&Wilson,1978; Garamszegi, Eens, Erritzøe, & Møller, 2005; Harvey, Clutton-Brock, & Mace, 1…”
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“Relative brain weight (the brain/body weight ratio, RBW), used in comparative neurology for revealing possible interspecies differences, is at the same time the indicator of species evolutionary level [1-3].”
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“…long-term memories (Arvidsson et al., 2012; Dale, 2008; Hoerner et al., 2023; Markowitz et al., 1975; McComb et al., 2000; Polansky et al., 2015; Rensch, 1956, 1957; Rizvanovic, 2012; Tsalyuk et al., 2019) and cognitive flexibility (e.g., innovative problem solving; Jacobson et al., 2022,…”
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“The relative brain weight (brain weight/body weight) is the trait used by evolution biologists as the index of CNS development in species comparisons (e.g., [1–3]).”
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“von Haller predicted that smaller animals have relatively larger brains than larger-bodied forms, a concept known as ‘Haller’s rule’ [23].”
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“Relative brain weight (the brain/body weight ratio) in vertebrates has been proposed as an indicator of evolutionary level of the species (Rensch, 1956; Jerison, 1973).”
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“( Rensch, 1956; Cobb, 1965), extirpation experiments (Lashley.”
Abstraktionsversuche auf „Gleich” gegen „Ungleich” mit Dohlen
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Parental provisioning drives brain size in birdsPreprint
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Untersuchungen zur visuellen Lerngeschwindigkeit und Lernkapazität bei Bienen, Hummeln und Ameisen1
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Ontogeny does not always recapitulate phylogeny
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Die Abh�ngigkeit der Struktur und der Leistungen tierischer Gehirne von ihrer Gr��e
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Conditioned suppression and behavioural inhibition
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The dynamics of action and the neuropsychology of anxiety
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Recapitulationism, Piaget, and the evolution of intelligence: déjà vu
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- Authors
- Rensch, B.
- Corresponding author
- Rensch, Bernhard
- Venue
- The American Naturalist
- Publisher
- University of Chicago Press
- Published
- 1956-03
- Volume
- 90
- Issue
- 851
- Pages
- 81-95
- ISSN
- 0003-0147 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-5323
- OpenAlex
- W2069228918
- Cited by
- 147
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 3.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The American Naturalist (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Keywords
- brain size, learning ability, brain-to-body size ratio, intelligence, comparative cognition
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