The DOI matches its Crossref record; 48 of the 48 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Lethal Synergism between Influenza Virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae: Characterization of a Mouse Model and the Role of Platelet‐Activating Factor Receptor
Abstract
A lethal synergism exists between influenza virus and pneumococcus, which likely accounts for excess mortality from secondary bacterial pneumonia during influenza epidemics. Characterization of a mouse model of synergy revealed that influenza infection preceding pneumococcal challenge primed for pneumonia and led to 100% mortality. This effect was specific for viral infection preceding bacterial infection, because reversal of the order of administration led to protection from influenza and improved survival. The hypothesis that influenza up-regulates the platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFr) and thereby potentiates pneumococcal adherence and invasion in the lung was examined in the model. Groups of mice receiving CV-6209, a competitive antagonist of PAFr, had survival rates similar to those of control mice, and lung and blood bacterial titers increased during PAFr inhibition. These data suggest that PAFr-independent pathways are operative in the model, prompting further study of receptor interactions during pneumonia and bacteremia. The model of lethal synergism will be a useful tool for exploring this and other mechanisms underlying viral-bacterial interactions.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The timing of infection with the 2 organisms in coinfection models affects outcomes.”
From Influenza virus primes mice for pneumonia from Staphylococcus aureus. (2011) · cites this paper as [23]
In the citing paper
“In the pneumococcal secondary infection model, influenza virus enhances the bacterial load of S. pneumoniae recovered from the lungs and blood of mice, and strain-specific differences between outcomes are directly related to the total bacterial lung load [23,32,33].”
From Influenza virus primes mice for pneumonia from Staphylococcus aureus. (2011) · cites this paper as [23]
In the citing paper
“Little to no enhancement of disease is seen if the bacterial infection precedes exposure to the virus or the organisms are encountered together [23].”
From Influenza virus primes mice for pneumonia from Staphylococcus aureus. (2011) · cites this paper as [23]
In the citing paper
“Roughly 3-10 days after viral infection, a proinflammatory state characterized by granulocyte and monocyte influx into the lungs amplifies host responses to bacteria, resulting in poor outcomes [23,25,43].”
From Influenza virus primes mice for pneumonia from Staphylococcus aureus. (2011) · cites this paper as [23]
In the citing paper
“There seems to be biphasic response to the virus that alters innate responses to the secondary bacterial pathogen.”
From Influenza virus primes mice for pneumonia from Staphylococcus aureus. (2011) · cites this paper as [23]
Citations
Cites
Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases.
(1991) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-114-9-818_5 · Cited by 12,045
Cundell, D. R., Gerard, N. P., Gerard, C. J., Idänpään‐Heikkilä, I., & TUOMANEN, E. I. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/377435a0 · Cited by 741
The impact of influenza epidemics on mortality: introducing a severity index.
Simonsen, L., Clarke, M. J., Williamson, G. D., Stroup, D. F., Arden, N. H., & Schonberger, L. B. (1997) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.87.12.1944 · Cited by 587
Options for the control of influenza III
Ada, G., Tannock, G. A., & Hampson, A. W. (1997) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/s0264-410x(96)00191-0 · Cited by 587
STUDIES ON INFLUENZA IN THE PANDEMIC OF 1957-1958. II. PULMONARY COMPLICATIONS OF INFLUENZA*†
Louria, D. B., Blumenfeld, H. L., Ellis, J. T., Kilbourne, E. D., & Rogers, D. E. (1959) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci103791 · Cited by 479
The Impact of Influenza Epidemics on Hospitalizations
Simonsen, L., Fukuda, K., Schonberger, L. B., & Cox, N. J. (2000) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/315320 · Cited by 476
Apoptosis: a mechanism of cell killing by influenza A and B viruses
Hinshaw, V. S., Olsen, C. W., Dybdahl-Sissoko, N., & Evans, D. T. (1994) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.68.6.3667-3673.1994 · Cited by 424
Zhang, J., Mostov, K. E., Lamm, M. E., Nanno, M., Shimida, S.-I., Ohwaki, M., & TUOMANEN, E. I. (2000) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)00071-4 · Cited by 418
Pathogenesis of Pneumococcal Infection
TUOMANEN, E. I., AUSTRIAN, R. C., & Masure, H. R. (1995) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199505113321907 · Cited by 381
Respiratory viral infection predisposing for bacterial disease: a concise review.
Hament, J.-M., Kimpen, J. L. L., Fleer, A., & Wolfs, T. F. W. (1999) · FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1574-695x.1999.tb01389.x · Cited by 306
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 419
Oiknine‐Djian, E., Houri‐Haddad, Y., Weiss, E. I., Ofek, I., Greenbaum, E., Hartshorn, K. L., & Zakay‐Rones, Z. (2012) · Planta Medica · doi:10.1055/s-0031-1298579 · Cited by 10
Uncommon cause of severe pneumonia: co-infection of influenza B and Streptococcus
Lam, K.-W., Sin, K., Au, S., & Yung, S. (2013) · Hong Kong Medical Journal · doi:10.12809/hkmj133835 · Cited by 10
Roberts, S., Williams, C. M., Salmon, S. L., Bonin, J. L., Metzger, D. W., & Furuya, Y. (2019) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines7040146 · Cited by 10
Ouyang, K., Woodiga, S. A., Dwivedi, V., Buckwalter, C. M., Singh, A. K., Binjawadagi, B., Hiremath, J. B., Manickam, C., Schleappi, R., Khatri, M., et al. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0090066 · Cited by 9
Models of pneumococcal disease
Orihuela, C. J., & TUOMANEN, E. I. (2006) · Drug Discovery Today Disease Models · doi:10.1016/j.ddmod.2006.03.001 · Cited by 9
Mixed community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections
Tarsia, P., Aliberti, S., Pappalettera, M., & Blasi, F. (2007) · Current Infectious Disease Reports · doi:10.1007/s11908-007-0017-0 · Cited by 9
Weiser, J. N. (2014) · ASM Press eBooks · doi:10.1128/9781555816537.ch11 · Cited by 9
Obesity, leptin and host defence ofStreptococcus pneumoniae: the case for more human research
Hales, C., Burnet, L., Coombs, M. A., Collins, A. M., & Ferreira, D. M. (2022) · European Respiratory Review · doi:10.1183/16000617.0055-2022 · Cited by 8
Treanor, J. J. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-9544-8_19-2 · Cited by 8
Onishi, M., Kitano, M., Taniguchi, K., Homma, T., Kobayashi, M., Yoshinaga, T., Naito, A., & Sato, A. (2015) · Antiviral Research · doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.02.012 · Cited by 8
Kramskaya, T. A., Leontieva, G., Desheva, Y. A., Grabovskaya, K. B., Gupalova, T. V., Георгиевна, Р. Л., & Suvorov, A. N. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0222148 · Cited by 8
Klausberger, M., Ленева, И. А., Falynskova, I. N., Vasilev, K., Поддубиков, А. В., Lindner, C., Павловна, К. Н., Свитич, О. А., Stukova, M., Grabherr, R. M., et al. (2019) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines7040187 · Cited by 8
Zurli, V., Gallotta, M., Taccone, M., Chiarot, E., Brazzoli, M., Corrente, F., Bonci, A., Casini, D., Gregorio, E. D., Baudner, B. C., et al. (2016) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiw048 · Cited by 8
Kalhoro, D. H., Gao, S., Xie, X., Shan, L., Luo, S., Zhao, Y., & Liu, Y. (2016) · BMC Veterinary Research · doi:10.1186/s12917-016-0708-6 · Cited by 9
Porta, A. S., Tripodi, S., Toro, M. D., Ręjdak, R., Rejdak, K., Zanzottera, E. C., & Ferentini, F. (2020) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics10050259 · Cited by 8
Wu, X. Y., Li, R., Weng, Y., Zhou, H., Jiang, H., Zhao, J., Liu, B., Chen, R., Chen, X., Yang, W., et al. (2021) · Microbes and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2021.104839 · Cited by 8
Dynamics between infectious diseases with two susceptibility conditions: A mathematical model.
Gutiérrez-Jara, J. P., Córdova‐Lepe, F., & Muñoz-Quezada, M. T. (2019) · Mathematical Biosciences · doi:10.1016/j.mbs.2019.01.005 · Cited by 8
Lethal Synergism between Influenza Virus andStreptococcus pneumoniae
Müller, H. E. (2003) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/374974 · Cited by 8
Cohn, O., Yankovitz, G., Mandelboim, M., Peshes‐Yaloz, N., Brandes, R., Bacharach, E., & Gat‐Viks, I. (2024) · mSystems · doi:10.1128/msystems.01048-23 · Cited by 7
Alshammari, A. K., Maina, M., Blanchard, A. M., Daly, J. M., & Dunham, S. P. (2025) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens14020114 · Cited by 7
Chen, B., Chen, C., Fangguo, L., Wang, X., Zhang, X., Wang, Z., & Liu, H. (2025) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms13061201 · Cited by 7
Briestenská, K., Mikušová, M., Tomčíková, K., Kostolanský, F., & Varečková, E. (2021) · Archives of Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s00203-021-02458-5 · Cited by 7
Airway proteolytic control of pneumococcal competence
Echlin, H., Iverson, A., Sardo, U., & Rosch, J. W. (2023) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1011421 · Cited by 7
Li, N., Fan, X., Xu, M., Zhou, Y., & Wang, B. (2020) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2020.101767 · Cited by 7
Dutta, A., Chen, Y., Chen, T., Chang, C., Huang, Y.-L., Chen, T., Lin, Y., Lin, C., Hsieh, Y., & Huang, C. (2021) · ImmunoHorizons · doi:10.4049/immunohorizons.2100020 · Cited by 7
Rich, H. E. A., Antos, D., McCourt, C. C., Zheng, W. Q., DeVito, L., McHugh, K. J., Gopal, R., Wang, J., & Alcorn, J. F. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0255309 · Cited by 7
Cost-Effectiveness Comparison of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines in Turkish Children
Marijam, A., Olbrecht, J., Özakay, A., Eken, V., & Meszaros, K. (2019) · Value in Health Regional Issues · doi:10.1016/j.vhri.2018.11.007 · Cited by 7
Transkingdom Interactions Important for the Pathogenesis of Human Viruses
Nishimoto, A. T., Wohlgemuth, N., Rosch, J. W., Schultz‐Cherry, S., Cortez, V. A., & Rowe, H. M. (2020) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiaa735 · Cited by 7
Attachment and Invasion of the Respiratory Tract
TUOMANEN, E. I. (2014) · ASM Press eBooks · doi:10.1128/9781555816537.ch15 · Cited by 7
Bayındır, M., & Bayindir, E. E. (2020) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3648292 · Cited by 7
Bacterial Sialidases: Biological Significance and Application
Engıbarov, S., Gocheva, Y. G., Lazarkevich, I., & Еneva, R. (2025) · Applied Biosciences · doi:10.3390/applbiosci4020017 · Cited by 6
What came first, the virus or the egg: Innate immunity during viral coinfections
Rippee‐Brooks, M. D., Marcinczyk, R. N., & Lupfer, C. R. (2020) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.12911 · Cited by 6
Desheva, Y. A., Leontieva, G., Kramskaya, T. A., Grabovskaya, K. B., Karev, V. E., Mamontov, A. S., Nazarov, P. G., & Suvorov, A. N. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0218544 · Cited by 6
Jirru, E., Lee, S. F., Harris, R. M., Yang, J., Cho, S. J., & Stout-Delgado, H. W. (2020) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines8020298 · Cited by 6
Aetiology of Acute Respiratory Infections in Children under Five Years in Nakuru, Kenya
Matu, M. (2014) · Journal of Microbiology & Experimentation · doi:10.15406/jmen.2014.01.00021 · Cited by 6
Seki, M., Fuke, R., Oikawa, N., Hariu, M., & Watanabe, Y. (2016) · Respiratory Medicine Case Reports · doi:10.1016/j.rmcr.2016.05.005 · Cited by 6
Rozario, C., Martínez‐Sobrido, L., McSorley, H. J., & Chauché, C. (2021) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v13122519 · Cited by 5
Leneva, I. A., Egorov, A., Falynskova, I. N., Makhmudova, N. R., Павловна, К. Н., Андреевна, Г. Е., Vartanova, N. O., & Поддубиков, А. В. (2019) · Journal of microbiology epidemiology immunobiology · doi:10.36233/0372-9311-2019-1-68-74 · Cited by 5
Ленева, И. А., Falynskova, I. N., Makhmudova, N. R., Андреевна, Г. Е., Павловна, К. Н., Леонова, Е. И., Mikhailova, N. A., & Shestakova, I. V. (2017) · Microbiology Independent Research Journal (MIR Journal) · doi:10.18527/2500-2236-2017-4-1-52-57 · Cited by 5
A case of community-acquired pneumonia due to influenza A virus and Nocardia farcinica co-infection
Sawai, T., Yoshioka, S., Matsuo, N., Suyama, N., & Kohno, S. (2014) · Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.jiac.2014.04.008 · Cited by 5
Takayama, Y., Yano, H., Nojima, Y., Nakano, R., Okamoto, R., Hirakata, Y., Sunakawa, K., Akahoshi, T., & Kaku, M. (2013) · Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.jiac.2013.07.012 · Cited by 5
Microbiology of Infective Endocarditis and Clinical Correlates: Gram-Positive Organisms
Brusch, J. L. (2007) · Infectious disease and therapy · doi:10.3109/9781420019834.002 · Cited by 5
Treanor, J. J. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-7448-8_19 · Cited by 5
A ferret model of synergism between influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae
Peltola, V. T., Rehg, J. E., & McCullers, J. A. (2004) · International Congress Series · doi:10.1016/j.ics.2004.02.023 · Cited by 5
Self-citationLi, N., Ruan, S., & Tian, H. (2025) · Biosafety and Health · doi:10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.07.008 · Cited by 4
Lenhard, A. P., Joma, B. H., Siwapornchai, N., Håkansson, A., Leong, J. M., & Ghanem, E. N. B. (2022) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/64419 · Cited by 4
Egorova, A., Richter, M., Khrenova, M. G., Dietrich, E., Tsedilin, A. M., Kazakova, E., Lepioshkin, A., Jahn, B., Chernyshev, V. V., Schmidtke, M., et al. (2023) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/d3ra02895j · Cited by 4
Feng, Y., Wen, S., Xue, S., Hou, M., & Jin, Y. (2024) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2023.1325482 · Cited by 4
Peng, M., Zhao, C., Fangguo, L., Zhang, X., Wang, X., Li, H., & Chen, B. (2024) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms12071291 · Cited by 4
Prevalence and diversity of Chlamydiales in Swiss ruminant farms
Dreyer, M., Aeby, S., Oevermann, A., & Greub, G. (2014) · Pathogens and Disease · doi:10.1093/femspd/ftu013 · Cited by 4
Mechanisms of changes in immune response during bacterial coinfections of the respiratory tract
Sviriaeva, E. N., Korneev, K. V., Drutskaya, M. S., & Kuprash, D. V. (2016) · Biochemistry (Moscow) · doi:10.1134/s0006297916110110 · Cited by 4
Smith, E. A., Kumar, S. R. P., Deventhiran, J., Cecere, T. E., LeRoith, T., McGilliard, M. L., Elankumaran, S., & Kanevsky, I. (2011) · Influenza Research and Treatment · doi:10.1155/2011/846910 · Cited by 4
Influenza-related morbidity and mortality among children in developed and developing countries
Simonsen, L. (2001) · International Congress Series · doi:10.1016/s0531-5131(01)00322-3 · Cited by 4
Lipoteichoic acid mediates binding of Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza A virus
Penix, T. S., Favazza, J., Rosch, J. W., & Rowe, H. M. (2025) · mSphere · doi:10.1128/msphere.00504-25 · Cited by 3
The pathophysiology of pneumococcal pneumonia
Wootton, D. G., Aston, S., & Gordon, S. B. (2014) · European Respiratory Society eBooks · doi:10.1183/1025448x.10003313 · Cited by 4
An Emerging Multidrug-Resistant Pathogen: Streptococcus pneumoniae
AlQumaizi, K. I., & Anwer, R. (2019) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.88524 · Cited by 3
The upper respiratory tract microbiome and its role in human health: barrier function
Starikova, E. V., Galeeva, J. S., & Ilina, E. N. (2022) · PULMONOLOGIYA · doi:10.18093/0869-0189-2022-32-6-876-884 · Cited by 3
Funaki, T., Shoji, K., Yotani, N., Katsuta, T., Miyazaki, O., Nosaka, S., Masaki, H., & Saitoh, A. (2013) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/1471-2334-13-516 · Cited by 3
Luo, J., Zhou, L., Wang, H., Qin, Z., Xiang, L., Zhu, J., Huang, X., Yang, Y., Li, W., Wang, B., et al. (2017) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.23104 · Cited by 3
Short-Acting β-Blocker Administration in Patients With Septic Shock
Lin, G. (2014) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2014.312 · Cited by 3
Diego, J. G.-B., Arranz-Herrero, J., Laghlali, G., Burgess, E., Park, S., Singh, G., Chang, L. A., Warang, P., Noureddine, M., Ochando, J., et al. (2025) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.01774-25 · Cited by 2
Klugman, K. P., & Feldman, C. H. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-3935-5.00029-x · Cited by 2
Viral–bacterial interactions within hosts
Endsley, J. J., & Sun, K. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818619-0.00048-4 · Cited by 2
Infections That Cause Secondary Immunodeficiency
Bonagura, V. R. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-405546-9.00046-7 · Cited by 2
Hill, A. B., Beitelshees, M., Pfeifer, B. A., & Jones, C. H. (2018) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.00494-18 · Cited by 2
Bacterial Pneumonia Fate Decisions
Hernandez-Vargas, E. A., Boianelli, A., & Hernández-Mejía, G. (2018) · IFAC-PapersOnLine · doi:10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.02.001 · Cited by 2
Pre-exposure to Streptococcus suis improved survival of influenza virus co-infection in mice
Ma, J., Wu, M., Wang, Z., Yang, D., Hou, S., Cheng, Y., Wang, H.-A., Yan, Y., & Sun, J. (2021) · Veterinary Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109071 · Cited by 2
Secondary bacterial infections in patients with COVID-19
Lachana, A., Chrysanthopoulou, E., Vakiarou, F., & Dimοpoulos, G. (2021) · Pneumon · doi:10.18332/pne/136152 · Cited by 2
Candeias, C., Lança, J., Alenquer, M., Brás, D., Valente, C., Amorim, M. J., & Sá‐Leão, R. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.06.06.658310 · Cited by 2
Research progress on the mechanism of secondary bacterial infection of influenza virus
Zhang, X., & Liu, L. (2019) · Community Acquired Infection · doi:10.4103/cai.cai_3_20 · Cited by 1
Treanor, J. J. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-9544-8_19-1 · Cited by 1
Grevelinger, J., Bourry, O., Schmidt, S., Meurens, F., Deblanc, C., Hervet, C., Perrin, A., Gorin, S., Dimna, M. L., Quéguiner, S., et al. (2025) · Veterinary Research · doi:10.1186/s13567-025-01536-6 · Cited by 1
Salmuna, Z. N., Harun, A. B., Yean, C. Y., Besari, A. M., & Bakar, M. A. A. (2017) · Clinical Microbiology Newsletter · doi:10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2017.09.006 · Cited by 1
Nanushaj, D., Kono, M., Sakatani, H., Murakami, D., & Hotomi, M. (2023) · EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS · doi:10.1538/expanim.23-0001 · Cited by 1
ROLE OF VIRAL AND HOST FACTORS IN INFLUENZA VIRUS MEDIATED INHIBITION OF INTERLEUKIN-23
Tiwari, A. (2014) · Cited by 1
Competitive and Cooperative Interactions in the Respiratory Microflora
Ratner, A. J. (2014) · ASM Press eBooks · doi:10.1128/9781555817619.ch7 · Cited by 1
Dagan, R. (2009) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.06.010 · Cited by 1
Tu, N. T. K. (2021) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja · Cited by 1
The contribution of competence system to the virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae
Zhu, L. (2014) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)
Antibiotic Resistance and Community-Acquired Pneumonia during an Influenza Pandemic
Moore, M. R., & Whitney, C. G. (2010) · Issues in infectious diseases · doi:10.1159/000298756
Okonko, I. O., Onoja, A. B., Udueze, A. O., Adedeji, A. O., Motayo, B. O., Akanbi, O. A., & Ogun, A. A. (2010) · Electronic journal of environmental, agricultural and food chemistry
Ecology of virulence genes in the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae
Johnston, C. (2008) · Enlighten: Theses (The University of Glasgow)
Genetic Polymorphisms and Other Parameters that Affect Predisposal to Infection and Outcome
Cavaillon, J., & Adrie, C. (2008) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9783527626151.ch14
Innate Immunity Immunomodulators in Post-Influenza Bacterial Pneumonia
Wu, M. (2015) · Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University)
Genetic variation and virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae
Noori, M. Y. (2012) · Enlighten: Theses (The University of Glasgow)
Severe Invasive Pneumococcal Sepsis Associated with Influenza a Infection
Gulliford, S. R., & Checkley, E. (2009) · Journal of the Intensive Care Society · doi:10.1177/175114370901000418
Co-infection of primary human adenoid epithelial cells with Influenza A and Streptococcus pneumoniae
McGraw, P. A., Ikizler, M. R., Aiyegbo, M. S., & Wright, P. F. (2004) · International Congress Series · doi:10.1016/j.ics.2004.02.058
King, Q. O. (2009) · Montana State University ScholarWorks (Montana State University)
McNamee, L. A. (2006) · Montana State University ScholarWorks (Montana State University)
Kaushic, C., Ashkar, A. A., Damjanovic, Z. X., Brown, E. G., Arck, P., Jordana, M., Jeyanathan, M., & Shaler, C. R. (2010)
Childhood Community-aCquired pneumonia
Julkaisuja, T. Y. (2008)
Florquin, S., Shimizu, T., Ishii, S., Jansen, H. M., Lutter, R., van der Sluijs, F., van Elden, L. J. R., Nijhuis, M., & Schuurman, R. (2016)
Davis, B. M. (2016) · Deep Blue (University of Michigan)
Smith, E. A. (2010) · VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)
Beitelshees, M., Hill, A. B., Rostami, P., Jones, C. H., & Pfeifer, B. A. (2018) · Pharmaceutical Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40290-018-0225-y
Understanding Impaired Immunity to Bacterial Pathogens Post-Bone Marrow Transplantation
Martínez-Colón, G. J. (2018) · Deep Blue (University of Michigan)
The role of viruses in chronic rhinosinusitis
Goggin, R. K. (2020) · Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide)
Leneva, I. A., Falynskova, I. N., Павловна, К. Н., Андреевна, Г. Е., Поддубиков, А. В., & Свитич, О. А. (2021) · Journal of microbiology epidemiology immunobiology · doi:10.36233/0372-9311-2020-97-6-7
Unlocking the Mysteries of the Human Microbiome to Combat COVID-19
Muthuirulan, P., Bandyopadhyay, M., Mamillapalli, S., & Sharma, P. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-7672-7_11
Metadata
- Authors
- McCullers, J. A., & Rehg, J. E.
- Affiliations
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (US)
- ORCID
- Rehg, Jerold E.
- Venue
- The Journal of Infectious Diseases
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2002-08
- Volume
- 186
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 341-350
- ISSN
- 0022-1899 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-6613
- OpenAlex
- W2105680176
- Cited by
- 423
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 7.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (1k08ai049178-01)
- National Cancer Institute (CA21765, P30CA021765)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI-49178)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Respiratory viral infections research
- Keywords
- influenza virus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, secondary bacterial pneumonia, platelet-activating factor receptor, CV-6209, bacteremia, mouse model, host-pathogen interaction
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Lung, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Orthomyxoviridae, Orthomyxoviridae Infections, Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins, Pneumonia, Pneumococcal, Pyridinium Compounds, Receptors, Cell Surface, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review