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Cited by 938Cosmology and Gravitation TheoriesDark Matter and Cosmic PhenomenaGalaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena

First‐Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe ( WMAP ) Observations: Temperature‐Polarization Correlation

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Kogut, A., Spergel, D. N., Barnes, C., Bennett, C. L., Halpern, M., Hinshaw, G., Jarosik, N., Limon, M. +5 more·2003·The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
DOI 10.1086/377219
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Abstract

The Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe ( WMAP ) has mapped the full sky in Stokes I , Q , and U parameters at frequencies of 23, 33, 41, 61, and 94 GHz. We detect correlations between the temperature and polarization maps significant at more than 10 σ. The correlations are inconsistent with instrument noise and are significantly larger than the upper limits established for potential systematic errors. The correlations are present in all WMAP frequency bands with similar amplitude from 23 to 94 GHz and are consistent with a superposition of a cosmic microwave background (CMB) signal with a weak foreground. The fitted CMB component is robust against different data combinations and fitting techniques. On small angular scales (θ < 5°), the WMAP data show the temperature-polarization correlation expected from adiabatic perturbations in the temperature power spectrum. The data for ℓ > 20 agree well with the signal predicted solely from the temperature power spectra, with no additional free parameters. We detect excess power on large angular scales (θ > 10°) compared to predictions based on the temperature power spectra alone. The excess power is well described by reionization at redshift 11 < z r < 30 at 95% confidence, depending on the ionization history. A model-independent fit to reionization optical depth yields results consistent with the best-fit Λ-dominated cold dark matter model, with best-fit value τ = 0.17 ± 0.04 at 68% confidence, including systematic and foreground uncertainties. This value is larger than expected given the detection of a Gunn-Peterson trough in the absorption spectra of distant quasars and implies that the universe has a complex ionization history: WMAP has detected the signal from an early epoch of reionization.

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Crossref · 10.1086/377219

Cites

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  • The baryon asymmetry ratio is the only free input parameter that enters in nucleosynthesis calculations of the primordial abundance of light elements.

    “This is the only free input parameter that enters in nucleosynthesis calculations of the primordial abundance of light elements[12, 13].”

    From Phase Transitions in the Early and Present Universe (2006) · cites this paper as [13]

    The Introduction discusses CMB polarization and the photon-baryon fluid, while §5.3 discusses baryon density in the context of reionization; neither addresses nucleosynthesis inputs. Searches for primordial nucleosynthesis, light-element abundances, and the baryon-to-photon ratio found no passage saying that the ratio is the only free input parameter. (LLM, conf=0.76)

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  • These quark nuggets could contribute to the dark matter today or affect BBN.

    “These quark nuggets could contribute to the dark matter today [95] or affect BBN [12, 13].”

    From Phase Transitions in the Early and Present Universe (2006) · cites this paper as [13]

    The citation [95] is attached to the claim that quark nuggets could contribute to dark matter today; the BBN clause has different citations. Our copy discusses cold dark matter in the Abstract and Introduction, but the passages found for “quark nuggets” and “dark matter” do not address quark nuggets as a dark-matter candidate. No page numbers are available in the indexed passages. (LLM, conf=0.76)

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  • The standard (homogeneous) BBN scenario is in good agreement with observations.

    “This is in good agreement with observations [12, 13].”

    From Phase Transitions in the Early and Present Universe (2006) · cites this paper as [13]

    The passages in §§5.1–5.3 discuss CMB temperature–polarization measurements and reionization, not whether standard homogeneous big bang nucleosynthesis agrees with observations. Searches for BBN, nucleosynthesis, and primordial light-element abundances found no passage addressing that comparison. (LLM, conf=0.72)

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Cites

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Hu, W., & Holder, G. P. 2003, Phys. Rev. D, submitted (astro-ph/0303400) · arXiv
  2. Miralda-Escude ´, J. 2002, ApJ, submitted (astro-ph/0211071) · arXiv

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Authors
Kogut, A., Spergel, D. N., Barnes, C., Bennett, C. L., Halpern, M., Hinshaw, G., Jarosik, N., Limon, M., Meyer, S. S., Page, L., Tucker, G. S., Wollack, E., & Wright, E. L.
Affiliations
  • Goddard Space Flight Center (US)
  • Princeton University (US)
  • University of British Columbia (CA)
  • University of Chicago (US)
  • University of California, Los Angeles (US)
ORCID
Venue
The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
Publisher
American Astronomical Society
Published
2003-09
Volume
148
Issue
1
Pages
161-173
ISSN
  • 0067-0049 (ISSN-L)
  • 1538-4365
DOI
10.1086/377219
OpenAlex
W2951034677
Cited by
938
References
49
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 19
FWCI
121.64
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series (publishedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (acceptedVersion)
  • CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University)
Funders
  • National Aeronautics and Space Administration
  • Princeton University
  • Goddard Space Flight Center
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
Keywords
cosmic microwave background, WMAP, adiabatic perturbations, cosmic reionization, optical depth, ionization history, foregrounds, Gunn-Peterson trough, CDM cosmology

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