Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 73

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Signatures of Selection and Gene Conversion Associated with Human Color Vision Variation

Verrelli, Brian C., Tishkoff, Sarah A.·2004·The American Journal of Human Genetics
DOI 10.1086/423287
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1086/423287

Cites

1 of 1 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 1 references

Research works printed but not linked: 68

  1. Akashi, 1999, Inferring the fitness effects of DNA mutations from polymorphism and divergence data: statistical power to detect directional selection under stationarity and free recombination, Genetics, 151, 221, 10.1093/genetics/151.1.221 · DOI
  2. Akashi, 1997, Natural selection and the frequency distributions of “silent” DNA polymorphism in Drosophila, Genetics, 146, 295, 10.1093/genetics/146.1.295 · DOI
  3. Ardlie, 2001, Lower-than-expected linkage disequilibrium between tightly linked markers in humans suggests a role for gene conversion, Am J Hum Genet, 69, 582, 10.1086/323251 · DOI
  4. Asenjo, 1994, Molecular determinants of human red/green color discrimination, Neuron, 12, 1131, 10.1016/0896-6273(94)90320-4 · DOI · Paper page
  5. Boissinot, 1998, Origins and antiquity of X-linked triallelic color vision systems in New World monkeys, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 95, 13749, 10.1073/pnas.95.23.13749 · DOI · Paper page
  6. Carroll, 2002, Estimates of L:M cone ratio from ERG flicker photometry and genetics, J Vis, 2, 531, 10.1167/2.8.1 · DOI · Paper page
  7. Clark, 2003, Finding genes underlying risk of complex disease by linkage disequilibrium mapping, Curr Opin Genet Dev, 13, 296, 10.1016/S0959-437X(03)00056-X · DOI
  8. Crawford, 2004, Evidence for substantial fine-scale variation in recombination rates across the human genome, Nat Genet, 36, 700, 10.1038/ng1376 · DOI · Paper page
  9. Deeb, 1994, Sequence divergence of the red and green visual pigments in great apes and humans, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 91, 7262, 10.1073/pnas.91.15.7262 · DOI
  10. Deeb, 1992, Genotype-phenotype relationships in human red/green color-vision defects: molecular and psychophysical studies, Am J Hum Genet, 51, 687
  11. Dominy, 2001, Ecological importance of trichromatic vision to primates, Nature, 410, 363, 10.1038/35066567 · DOI · Paper page
  12. Fay, 2001, Positive and negative selection on the human genome, Genetics, 158, 1227, 10.1093/genetics/158.3.1227 · DOI
  13. Frisse, 2001, Gene conversion and different population histories may explain the contrast between polymorphism and linkage disequilibrium levels, Am J Hum Genet, 69, 831, 10.1086/323612 · DOI · Paper page
  14. Garrigan, 2003, Perspective: detecting adaptive molecular polymorphism: lessons from the MHC, Evolution, 57, 1707, 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2003.tb00580.x · DOI · Paper page
  15. Hayashi, 1999, Position of a ‘green-red’ hybrid gene in the visual pigment array determines colour-vision phenotype, Nat Genet, 22, 90, 10.1038/8798 · DOI · Paper page
  16. Hudson, 2000, A new statistic for detecting genetic differentiation, Genetics, 155, 2011, 10.1093/genetics/155.4.2011 · DOI · Paper page
  17. Hudson, 2002, Generating samples under a Wright-Fisher neutral model of genetic variation, Bioinformatics, 18, 337, 10.1093/bioinformatics/18.2.337 · DOI · Paper page
  18. Hudson, 2001, Two-locus sampling distributions and their application, Genetics, 159, 1805, 10.1093/genetics/159.4.1805 · DOI · Paper page
  19. Hudson, 1987, A test of neutral molecular evolution based on nucleotide data, Genetics, 116, 153, 10.1093/genetics/116.1.153 · DOI · Paper page
  20. Innan, 2002, A method for estimating the mutation, gene conversion and recombination parameters in small multigene families, Genetics, 161, 865, 10.1093/genetics/161.2.865 · DOI
  21. Innan, 2003, A two-locus gene conversion model with selection and its application to the human RHCE and RHD genes, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 100, 8793, 10.1073/pnas.1031592100 · DOI
  22. Innan, 2003, The coalescent and infinite-site model of a small multigene family, Genetics, 163, 803, 10.1093/genetics/163.2.803 · DOI
  23. Jameson, 2001, Richer color experience in observers with multiple photopigment opsin genes, Psychon Bull Rev, 8, 244, 10.3758/BF03196159 · DOI
  24. Jorgensen, 1990, Molecular genetics of X chromosome-linked color vision among populations of African and Japanese ancestry: high frequency of a shortened red pigment gene among Afro-Americans, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 87, 6512, 10.1073/pnas.87.17.6512 · DOI
  25. Li, 2003, Modeling linkage disequilibrium and identifying recombination hotspots using single-nucleotide polymorphism data, Genetics, 165, 2213, 10.1093/genetics/165.4.2213 · DOI
  26. Lucas, 2003, Evolution and function of routine trichromatic vision in primates, Evolution, 57, 2636, 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2003.tb01506.x · DOI
  27. McDonald, 1991, Adaptive protein evolution at the Adh locus in Drosophila, Nature, 351, 652, 10.1038/351652a0 · DOI · Paper page
  28. McVean, 2002, A coalescent-based method for detecting and estimating recombination from gene sequences, Genetics, 160, 1231, 10.1093/genetics/160.3.1231 · DOI · Paper page
  29. Merbs, 1992, Absorption spectra of human cone pigments, Nature, 356, 433, 10.1038/356433a0 · DOI · Paper page
  30. Mollon, 1984, Variations of color-vision in a New World primate can be explained by polymorphism of retinal photopigments, Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 222, 373, 10.1098/rspb.1984.0071 · DOI · Paper page
  31. Nachman, 2001, Single nucleotide polymorphisms and recombination rate in humans, Trends Genet, 17, 481, 10.1016/S0168-9525(01)02409-X · DOI
  32. Nachman, 1996, Nonneutral mitochondrial DNA variation in humans and chimpanzees, Genetics, 142, 953, 10.1093/genetics/142.3.953 · DOI
  33. Nathans, 1986, Molecular genetics of human color vision: the genes encoding blue, green, and red pigments, Science, 232, 193, 10.1126/science.2937147 · DOI
  34. Navarro, 2002, The effects of multilocus balancing selection on neutral variability, Genetics, 161, 849, 10.1093/genetics/161.2.849 · DOI
  35. Neitz, 1999, Trichromatic color vision with only two spectrally distinct photopigments, Nat Neurosci, 2, 884, 10.1038/13185 · DOI · Paper page
  36. Nielsen, 1999, The age of nonsynonymous and synonymous mutations in animal mtDNA and implications for the mildly deleterious theory, Genetics, 153, 497, 10.1093/genetics/153.1.497 · DOI
  37. Ohta, 1992, The nearly neutral theory of molecular evolution, Annu Rev Ecol Syst, 23, 263, 10.1146/annurev.es.23.110192.001403 · DOI · Paper page
  38. Petes, 2001, Meiotic recombination hot spots and cold spots, Nat Rev Genet, 2, 360, 10.1038/35072078 · DOI
  39. Przeworski, 2000, Adjusting the focus on human variation, Trends Genet, 16, 296, 10.1016/S0168-9525(00)02030-8 · DOI
  40. Przeworski, 2001, Why is there so little intragenic linkage disequilibrium in humans?, Genet Res, 77, 143, 10.1017/S0016672301004967 · DOI
  41. Ptak, 2004, Insights into recombination from patterns of linkage disequilibrium in humans, Genetics, 167, 387, 10.1534/genetics.167.1.387 · DOI
  42. Regan, 2001, Fruits, foliage and the evolution of primate colour vision, Philos Trans R Soc Lond Biol Sci, 356, 229, 10.1098/rstb.2000.0773 · DOI · Paper page
  43. Reich, 2002, Human genome sequence variation and the influence of gene history, mutation and recombination, Nat Genet, 32, 135, 10.1038/ng947 · DOI
  44. Rozas, 1999, DnaSP version 3: an integrated program for molecular population genetics and molecular evolution analysis, Bioinformatics, 15, 174, 10.1093/bioinformatics/15.2.174 · DOI
  45. Saunders, 2002, Nucleotide variability at G6PD and the signature of malarial selection in humans, Genetics, 162, 1849, 10.1093/genetics/162.4.1849 · DOI
  46. Sharpe, 1998, Red, green, and red-green hybrid pigments in the human retina: correlations between deduced protein sequences and psychophysically measured spectral sensitivities, J Neurosci, 18, 10053, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-23-10053.1998 · DOI
  47. Shyue, 1994, Intronic gene conversion in the evolution of human X-linked color vision genes, Mol Biol Evol, 11, 548
  48. Sjoberg, 1998, L-cone pigment genes expressed in normal colour vision, Vision Res, 38, 3213, 10.1016/S0042-6989(97)00367-2 · DOI
  49. Slatkin, 2000, Balancing selection at closely linked, overdominant loci in a finite population, Genetics, 154, 1367, 10.1093/genetics/154.3.1367 · DOI
  50. Smallwood, 2003, Genetically engineered mice with an additional class of cone photoreceptors: implications for the evolution of color vision, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 100, 11706, 10.1073/pnas.1934712100 · DOI · Paper page
  51. Subramanian, 2003, Neutral substitutions occur at a faster rate in exons than in noncoding DNA in primate genomes, Genome Res, 13, 838, 10.1101/gr.1152803 · DOI
  52. Surridge, 2003, Evolution and selection of trichromatic vision in primates, Trends Ecol Evol, 18, 198, 10.1016/S0169-5347(03)00012-0 · DOI
  53. Tajima, 1989, Statistical method for testing the neutral mutation hypothesis by DNA polymorphism, Genetics, 123, 585, 10.1093/genetics/123.3.585 · DOI · Paper page
  54. Takahata, 1992, Polymorphism and balancing selection at major histocompatibility complex loci, Genetics, 130, 925, 10.1093/genetics/130.4.925 · DOI
  55. Tishkoff, 2001, Haplotype diversity and linkage disequilibrium at human G6PD: recent origin of alleles that confer malarial resistance, Science, 293, 455, 10.1126/science.1061573 · DOI · Paper page
  56. Tishkoff, 2003, Patterns of human genetic diversity: implications for human evolutionary history and disease, Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet, 4, 293, 10.1146/annurev.genom.4.070802.110226 · DOI
  57. Tishkoff, 2003, Role of evolutionary history on haplotype block structure in the human genome: implications for disease mapping, Curr Opin Genet Dev, 13, 569, 10.1016/j.gde.2003.10.010 · DOI
  58. Tishkoff, 2002, Genetic analysis of African populations: human evolution and complex disease, Nat Rev Genet, 3, 611, 10.1038/nrg865 · DOI · Paper page
  59. Verrelli, 2002, Evidence for balancing selection from nucleotide sequence analyses of human G6PD, Am J Hum Genet, 71, 1112, 10.1086/344345 · DOI
  60. Wall, 2004, Close look at gene conversion hot spots, Nat Genet, 36, 114, 10.1038/ng0204-114 · DOI
  61. Wall, 2003, Comparative linkage-disequilibrium analysis of the β-globin hotspot in primates, Am J Hum Genet, 73, 1330, 10.1086/380311 · DOI
  62. Wall, 2003, Haplotype blocks and linkage disequilibrium in the human genome, Nat Rev Genet, 4, 587, 10.1038/nrg1123 · DOI · Paper page
  63. Watterson, 1975, On the number of segregating sites in genetic models without recombination, Theor Popul Biol, 7, 256, 10.1016/0040-5809(75)90020-9 · DOI
  64. Winderickx, 1993, Haplotype diversity in the human red and green opsin genes: evidence for frequent sequence exchange in exon 3, Hum Mol Genet, 2, 1413, 10.1093/hmg/2.9.1413 · DOI · Paper page
  65. Winderickx, 1992, Polymorphism in red photopigment underlies variation in colour matching, Nature, 356, 431, 10.1038/356431a0 · DOI
  66. Wooding, 2004, Natural selection and molecular evolution in PTC, a bitter-taste receptor gene, Am J Hum Genet, 74, 637, 10.1086/383092 · DOI · Paper page
  67. Yokoyama, 2001, The molecular genetics and evolution of red and green color vision in vertebrates, Genetics, 158, 1697, 10.1093/genetics/158.4.1697 · DOI
  68. Zhou, 1996, Gene conversion and natural selection in the evolution of X-linked color vision genes in higher primates, Mol Biol Evol, 13, 780, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025638 · DOI

Cited by

See all 73

Metadata

Authors
Verrelli, B. C., & Tishkoff, S. A.
Venue
The American Journal of Human Genetics
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2004-09
Volume
75
Issue
3
Pages
363-375
ISSN
0002-9297
DOI
10.1086/423287
Cited by
73
References
1
Language
en
Licence

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Signatures of Selection and Gene Conversion Associated with Human Color Vision Variation. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1086/423287
The paper
Verrelli, B. C., & Tishkoff, S. A. (2004). Signatures of Selection and Gene Conversion Associated with Human Color Vision Variation. The American Journal of Human Genetics. https://doi.org/10.1086/423287

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.