Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fungemia: An Emerging Infectious Disease

Munoz, P.; Bouza, E.; Cuenca-Estrella, M.; Eiros, J. M.; Perez, M. J.; Sanchez-Somolinos, M.; Rincon, C.; Hortal, J.; Pelaez, T.

doi:10.1086/429916

Cited by 462Antifungal resistance and susceptibilityFungal Infections and StudiesYeasts and Rust Fungi Studies

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fungemia: An Emerging Infectious Disease

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Munoz, P., Bouza, E., Cuenca-Estrella, M., Eiros, J. M., Perez, M. J., Sanchez-Somolinos, M., Rincon, C., Hortal, J. +1 more·2005·Clinical Infectious Diseases

DOI 10.1086/429916

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Abstract

Background.Saccharomyces cerevisiae is well known in the baking and brewing industry and is also used as a probiotic in humans.However, it is a very uncommon cause of infection in humans. Methods.During the period of 15-30 April 2003, we found 3 patients with S. cerevisiae fungemia in an intensive care unit (ICU).An epidemiological study was performed, and the medical records for all patients who were in the unit during the second half of April were assessed.Results.The only identified risk factor for S. cerevisiae infection was treatment with a probiotic containing Saccharomyces boulardii (Ultralevura; Bristol-Myers Squibb).This probiotic is used in Europe for the treatment and prevention of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea.The 3 patients received the product via nasograstric tube for a mean duration of 8.5 days before the culture result was positive, whereas only 2 of 41 control subjects had received it.Surveillance cultures for the control patients admitted at the same time did not reveal any carriers of the yeast.Strains from the probiotic capsules and the clinical isolates were identified as S. cerevisiae, with identical DNA fingerprinting.Discontinuation of use of the product in the unit stopped the outbreak of infection.A review of the literature identified another 57 cases of S. cerevisiae fungemia.Overall, 60% of these patients were in the ICU, and 71% were receiving enteral or parenteral nutrition.Use of probiotics was detected in 26 patients, and 17 patients died.Conclusions.Use of S. cerevisiae probiotics should be carefully reassessed, particularly in immunosuppressed or critically ill patients.Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a well-known yeast used in the food industry.It has now been demonstrated that this yeast can cause different forms of invasive infection [1-3], frequently after administration as a probiotic for the treatment of antibiotic-related diarrhea [4].We report an outbreak of S. cerevisiae fungemia in an intensive care unit (ICU) that was traced, by means of molecular methods, to the use of probiotics, and we review all cases of S. cerevisiae fungemia that have been reported in the literature.

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Saccharomyces cerevisiae is able to form a thin biofilm consisting of round, budding yeast-form cells and pseudohyphal cells in vitro.
“and it is able to form a thin biofilm consisting of round, budding yeast-form cells and pseudohyphal cells in vitro (26, 50, 128, 164).”
From Candida albicans Biofilms and Human Disease (2015) · cites this paper as [128]
Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been implicated in catheter-associated infections with mixed-species biofilms in patients in intensive care units.
“In a few case studies, however, S. cerevisiae has been implicated in catheter-associated infections with mixed-species biofilms in patients in intensive care units (ICUs)”
From Candida albicans Biofilms and Human Disease (2015) · cites this paper as [128]

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Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia: an emerging infectious disease. Clin Infect Dis
Bouza, E., Cuenca-estrella, M., Eiros, J. M., & Hortal, J. (2005)
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Authors: Munoz, P., Bouza, E., Cuenca-Estrella, M., Eiros, J. M., Perez, M. J., Sanchez-Somolinos, M., Rincon, C., Hortal, J., & Pelaez, T.
Affiliations: Universidad Complutense de Madrid (ES)
ORCID: Bouza, E.
Hortal, J.
Venue: Clinical Infectious Diseases
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2005-06-01
Volume: 40
Issue: 11
Pages: 1625-1634
ISSN: 1058-4838 (ISSN-L)
1537-6591
DOI: 10.1086/429916
OpenAlex: W2112725363
Cited by: 462
References: 91
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 23
FWCI: 14.29
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Clinical Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UVaDOC UVaDOC University of Valladolid Documentary Repository (University of Valladolid) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Fungal Infections and Studies
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Yeasts and Rust Fungi Studies
Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, fungemia, probiotics, Saccharomyces boulardii, intensive care unit, nosocomial infections, enteral nutrition, immunocompromised patients, Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, outbreak investigation, DNA fingerprinting
MeSH terms: Aged, Antifungal Agents, Disease Outbreaks, Female, Humans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Fungemia, Probiotics, Communicable Diseases, Emerging

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Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fungemia: An Emerging Infectious Disease

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