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The Palomar Transient Factory: System Overview, Performance, and First Results
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The Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) is a fully-automated, wide-field survey aimed at a systematic exploration of the optical transient sky. The transient survey is performed using a new 8.1 square degree camera installed on the 48 inch Samuel Oschin telescope at Palomar Observatory; colors and light curves for detected transients are obtained with the automated Palomar 60 inch telescope. PTF uses 80% of the 1.2 m and 50% of the 1.5 m telescope time. With an exposure of 60 s the survey reaches a depth of m g ′ ≈ 21.3 and m R ≈ 20.6 (5σ, median seeing). Four major experiments are planned for the five-year project: (1) a 5 day cadence supernova search; (2) a rapid transient search with cadences between 90 s and 1 day; (3) a search for eclipsing binaries and transiting planets in Orion; and (4) a 3π sr deep H-alpha survey. PTF provides automatic, real-time transient classification and follow-up, as well as a database including every source detected in each frame. This paper summarizes the PTF project, including several months of on-sky performance tests of the new survey camera, the observing plans, and the data reduction strategy. We conclude by detailing the first 51 PTF optical transient detections, found in commissioning data.
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“Recent surveys have shown the power of measuring variability of celestial sources for studying gravitational lensing, searching for SNe, determining the physical properties of gamma-ray burst sources, discovering gravitational wave counterparts, probing the structure of active galactic nuclei ( AGNs ) , studying variable star populations, discovering exoplanets, and many other subjects at the fore”
From LSST: From Science Drivers to Reference Design and Anticipated Data Products (2019) · cites this paper as Law et al. 2009
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Pomeroy, R. T., & Norris, M. A. (2024) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stae960 · Cited by 5
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Poznanski, D., Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Wyrzykowski, Ł., & Blagorodnova, N. (2015) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stv428 · Cited by 5
“…collapse should therefore rely on a careful combination of samples from both magnitude and volume limited surveys, or a very wide untargeted search, such as the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF; Law et al. 2009) that can also find a substantial number of faint events and account for them properly.”
BackgroundSelf-citationAutomated spectral reduction pipelines
Smith, R. J., Piascik, A. S., Steele, I. A., & Barnsley, R. M. (2016) · Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE · doi:10.1117/12.2232771 · Cited by 5
Self-citationHistory of Supernovae as Distance Indicators
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“Most previous, existing, and planned SN surveys such as the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF; Law et al. 2009; Rau et al. 2009), the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (Ivezić et al. 2019), the All Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae (Shappee et al. 2014), the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert…”
MethodSelf-citationSearch for extended Lyman-α emission around 9k quasars at z = 2–3
Shimakawa, R. (2022) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stac1575 · Cited by 5
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Prompt Detection of Fast Optical Bursts with the Vera C. Rubin Observatory
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“…transients with durations down to minute timescales: the Palomar Transient Factory on the 48 inch Samuel Oschin telescope at Palomar Observatory (Law et al. 2009), the succeeding Zwicky Transient Facility that recently reported the discovery of fast blue optical transients (Prentice et al.…”
BackgroundIntermediate-mass black holes in star clusters and dwarf galaxies
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A swarm of dusty objects in orbit around the central star of planetary nebula WeSb 1
Budaj, J., Bernhard, K., Jones, D., & Munday, J. (2025) · Nature Astronomy · doi:10.1038/s41550-024-02446-x · Cited by 5
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“During the last few years most of SLSN events have been discovered by several untargeted surveys, for example the Catalina Real-Time Transient Survey (Drake et al. 2009) and the Palomar Transient Factory (Law et al. 2009; Rau et al. 2009).”
BackgroundSelf-citationOnline Classification for Time-Domain Astronomy
Lo, K., Murphy, T., Rebbapragada, U. D., & Wagstaff, K. L. (2013) · IEEE ... International Conference on Data Mining workshops · doi:10.1109/icdmw.2013.118 · Cited by 5
“To date, the PTF system performs binary classification (real or not), and primarily uses image features rather than light curve information in its decision-making.”
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SUPERNOVA 2003ie WAS LIKELY A FAINT TYPE IIP EVENT
Arcavi, I., Gal-Yam, A., & Sergeev, S. G. (2013) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-6256/145/4/99 · Cited by 5
“Such a sample will likely be produced using current and future wide field transient surveys, such as the Palomar Transient Factory (Law et al. 2009, Rau et al. 2009).”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe Supernova in the Pinwheel Galaxy
Kasen, D., & Nugent, P. (2013) · Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-nucl-102212-170624 · Cited by 5
Self-citationSpectral identification of the u-band variable sources in two LAMOST fields
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Geographic and Annual Influences on Optical Follow-up of Gravitational Wave Events
Srivastava, V., Bhalerao, V., Ravi, A. P., Ghosh, A., & Bose, S. (2017) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa62a4 · Cited by 5
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“The PTF (Law et al. 2009; Rau et al. 2009) uses the 48-inch (1.2m) Samuel Oschin Telescope at Palomar Observatory to survey the sky in search of transients.”
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Franckowiak, A. (2017) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/888/1/012009 · Cited by 5
Shrestha, S., Poudel, M., Wu, Y., Chu, W., Bhalla, S., Kupfer, T., & Kulkarni, S. R. (2019) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-14177-6_7 · Cited by 5
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Self-citationVariability and transient search in the SUDARE–VOICE field: a new method to extract the light curves
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“…Response System (Pan-STARRS; Kaiser (2004)), the Catalina Real-Time Surveys (CRTS; Drake et al. (2009)), the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF/iPTF; Law et al. (2009)), the High Cadence Transient Survey (HiTS; Förster et al. (2016); Martı́nezPalomera et al. (2018)), the SkyMapper Transient Survey…”
MethodLow-Mass and Sub-stellar Eclipsing Binaries in Stellar Clusters
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Low-redshift Type Ia Supernova from the LSQ/LCO Collaboration
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Self-citationChatterjee, D., Nugent, P., Brady, P. R., Cannella, C., Kaplan, D. L., & Kasliwal, M. M. (2019) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab2b9c · Cited by 5
Self-citationPajdosz-Śmierciak, U., Jamrozy, M., Soida, M., & Stawarz, Ł. (2018) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aae1a9 · Cited by 5
QZO: A Catalog of 5 Million Quasars from the Zwicky Transient Facility
Nakoneczny, S. J., Graham, M. J., Stern, D. K., Hélou, G., Djorgovski, S. G., Bellm, E. C., Chen, X., Dekany, R., Drake, A. J., Mahabal, A. A., et al. (2025) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/adf4e4 · Cited by 9
“…photometric variability across time, provided by sur-1 veys such as ASAS (Pojmanski 2002), NSVS (Wo´zniak et al. 2004; Hoffman et al. 2009), the Palomar Transient Factory (Law et al. 2009), the Catalina Surveys (Drake et al. 2014, 2017), and ASAS-SN (Kochanek et al. 2017; Jayasinghe et al. 2018).”
Self-citationX-RAY OBSERVATIONS OF RADIO TRANSIENTS WITHOUT OPTICAL HOSTS
Croft, S., Tomsick, J. A., & Bower, G. C. (2011) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/740/2/87 · Cited by 4
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BackgroundVariables in the Southern Polar Region Evryscope 2016 Data Set
Ratzloff, J. K., Corbett, H. T., Law, N. M., Barlow, B. N., Glazier, A., Howard, W. S., Fors, O., del Ser, D., & Trifonov, T. (2019) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific · doi:10.1088/1538-3873/ab1d77 · Cited by 4
“Ground-based surveys such as the Palomar Transient Factory (Law et al. 2009), ATLAS (Tonry 2011), HAT (Bakos et al. 2004), HATSouth (Bakos 2018), SuperWASP (Pollacco et al. 2006), KELT (Pepper et al. 2007), CSTAR (Wang et al. 2015), and many others are very successful in detecting variables…”
MethodSelf-citationCorgan, A., Smith, N., Andrews, J. E., Filippenko, A. V., & Dyk, S. D. V. (2021) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2892 · Cited by 4
Self-citationRanaivomanana, P., Johnston, C., Groot, P., Aerts, C., Lees, R., IJspeert, L., Bloemen, S., Klein‐Wolt, M., Woudt, P. A., Körding, E. G., et al. (2023) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202245560 · Cited by 4
A search for extragalactic fast optical transients in the Tomo-e Gozen high-cadence survey
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“The value is also smaller than the median value (0.26 M ⊙ ) of SNe Ic-BL studied by Cano (2013) as well as the median value (0.292 M ⊙ ) of SNe Ic-BL in the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF; Rau et al. 2009; Law et al. 2009) sample studied by Taddia et al. (2019).”
BackgroundInfluentialBolometric Corrections for FU Ori Object Accretion Disk Luminosities
Carvalho, A. S., & Hillenbrand, L. A. (2024) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad8cdf · Cited by 4
“Most recently, the PTF/ZTF (Law et al. 2009; Bellm et al. 2019), Gaia (Gaia Collaboration et al. 2016), Gattini (Moore et al. 2016; De et al. 2020), VVV/VVVX (Minniti et al. 2010; Saito et al. 2024), and NEOWISE (Mainzer et al. 2011) time series photometry surveys have resulted in the detection of…”
A candidate of high-z central tidal disruption event in quasar SDSS J000118.70+003314.0
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The ATLAS Virtual Research Assistant
Stevance, H. F., Smith, K., Smartt, S. J., Roberts, S., Erasmus, N., Young, D. R., & Clocchiatti, A. (2025) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/adf2a1 · Cited by 4
The Flavours of SN II Light Curves
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Be STARS IN THE OPEN CLUSTER NGC 6830
Yu(俞伯傑), P.-C., Lin(林建爭), C.-C., Lin(林省文), H.-W., Lee(李建德), C.-D., Konidaris, N. P., Ngeow, C., Ip(葉永烜), W.-H., Chen(陳文屏), W.-P., Chen(陳慧真), H.-C., Malkan, M. A., et al. (2016) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/0004-6256/151/5/121 · Cited by 4
“Therefore, with the wide field of view (7.3 square degree) of the 48 inch Samuel Oschin Telescope, the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF; Law et al. 2009) project provides an efficient way to search for emission-line candidates in open clusters using Hα imaging photometry (Yu et al. 2015).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationBellm, E. C. (2017) · Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union · doi:10.1017/s174392131800248x · Cited by 4
“The Palomar Transient Factory survey (Law et al. 2009) began operations in 2009.”
Kelley, M. S. P., Bodewits, D., Ye, Q., Farnham, T. L., Bellm, E. C., Dekany, R., Duev, D. A., Hélou, G., Kupfer, T., Laher, R. R., et al. (2019) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab53e0 · Cited by 4
“We present photometry of the comet from the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF; Bellm et al. 2019; Graham et al. 2019), the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF; Rau et al. 2009; Law et al. 2009), and the NEAT survey.”
MethodSelf-citationAll-Sky Image Fusion for a Synoptic Survey Telescope in Arctic and Antarctic Domains
Grøtte, M. E., Virani, S., Holzinger, M. J., Register, A., Perez, C. C., de Chile, U., Tapia, J. E., & Bello, U. A. (2016) · Advanced Maui Optical and Space Surveillance Technologies Conference · doi:10.64861/lmlz3134 · Cited by 4
“Example systems include the Catalina real-time transient survey (RTTS) [7], SkyMapper [8], Pan-starrs [9], Space Surveillance Telescope (SST) [10], Zwicky Transient Factory (ZTF) [11], Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) [12, 13], Dragonfly [14], and Evryscope [15].”
BackgroundRegős, E., Vinkó, J., & Stermeczky, Z. V. (2021) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abdf51 · Cited by 4
“While TDEs have a low rate relative to other transient events, their discovery rate was augmented by the 1- to 5-daycadence optical surveys such as the Palomar Transient Factory (Law et al. 2009), the All-Sky Automated Search for Supernovae (ASAS-SN; Holoien et al. 2019), the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (van Velzen et al…”
MethodCosmological constraints from supernova data set with corrected redshift
Feoli, A., Mancini, L., Rillo, V., & Grasso, M. (2012) · Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics · Cited by 4
Deep co-added sky from Catalina Sky Survey images
Singhal, A., Bhalerao, V., Mahabal, A. A., Vaghmare, K., Jagade, S., Kulkarni, S., Vibhute, A., Kembhavi, A. K., Drake, A. J., Djorgovski, S. G., et al. (2021) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2246 · Cited by 4
Self-citationCoughlin, E. R., & Zrake, J. (2022) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac4033 · Cited by 4
“For example, core-collapse supernovae—observed with ever-increasing frequency as high-cadence and wide-field surveys (e.g., Palomar Transient Factory, Law et al. 2009; Zwicky Transient Facility, Bellm 2014; Pan-STARRS, Chambers et al. 2016, ATLAS, Tonry et al. 2018; Dark Energy Survey, To et al. 2021; LSST, Ivezić et…”
BackgroundProcessing Analytical Queries over Polystore System for a Large Astronomy Data Repository
Poudel, M., Sarode, R. P., Watanobe, Y., Mozgovoy, M., & Bhalla, S. (2022) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app12052663 · Cited by 4
“Palomar Transient factory (PTF) presents a rare example of a data store that is a shared resource for all astronomers [14].”
BackgroundQuimby, R. (2011) · Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union · doi:10.1017/s174392131201263x · Cited by 4
Self-citationHo, A. Y. Q. (2022) · Springer theses · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-15367-9_8 · Cited by 4
Virtual Infrastructure Twins: Software Testing Platforms for Computing-Instrument Ecosystems
Rao, N. S. V., Al‐Najjar, A., Zandi, H., Sankaran, R., Hicks, S., Roccapriori, K., & Mukherjee, D. (2022) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-23606-8_10 · Cited by 4
Zong, P., Fu, J.-N., Wang, J., Cang, T., Wang, H., Ma, X.-Y., & Zong, W. (2023) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acb998 · Cited by 4
“A calibration of the relation was carried out by Ngeow et al. (2016) using the data of the Palomar Transient Factory (Law et al. 2009) in the R band.”
MethodWang, K., Kupfer, T., & Barlow, B. N. (2023) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stad2120 · Cited by 4
Chen, Y., Yu, Q., & Lu, Y. (2023) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acd753 · Cited by 4
“…the past decade, statistically significant samples of TDEs have begun to accumulate, largely owing to the rapid advancement of optical time-domain surveys, such as PTF (Law et al. 2009; Rau et al. 2009), ASAS-SN (Shappee et al. 2014), Pan-STARRS (Chambers et al. 2016), and ZTF (Bellm et al. 2019).”
BackgroundThe statistics and environments of hostless supernovae
Qin, Y.-J., Zabludoff, A. I., Arcavi, I., Smith, N., Faerman, Y., & Maoz, D. (2024) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stae887 · Cited by 4
Query Languages for Domain Specific Information from PTF Astronomical Repository
Wu, Y., & Chu, W. (2015) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-16313-0_18 · Cited by 4
Perspectives for Distributed Observations of Near-Earth Space Using a Russian–Cuban Observatory
Bisikalo, D. V., Savanov, I. S., Naroenkov, S. А., Nalivkin, M. A., Shugarov, A. S., Bakhtigaraev, N. S., Levkina, P. A., Ибрагимов, М. А., Kilpio, E. Y., Sachkov, M. E., et al. (2018) · Astronomy Reports · doi:10.1134/s1063772918060021 · Cited by 4
Development of a Polystore Data Management System for an Evolving Big Scientific Data Archive
Poudel, M., Sarode, R. P., Shrestha, S., Chu, W., & Bhalla, S. (2019) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-33752-0_12 · Cited by 4
Recursive Bayesian estimation of regularized and irregular quasar light curves
Hanif, A., & Protopapas, P. (2015) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stv004 · Cited by 4
Unlocking the secrets of supernovae through their light curves, spectra & polarization
Hillier, D. J., Dessart, L., & Li, C. (2013) · High Energy Density Physics · doi:10.1016/j.hedp.2012.12.013 · Cited by 4
Swinbank, J. D. (2010) · International SKA Forum Science Meeting (ISKAF) · doi:10.22323/1.112.0082 · Cited by 4
Uemura, M., Kawabata, K. S., Ikeda, S., Maeda, K., Wu, H., Watanabe, K., Takahashi, S., & Fujishiro, I. (2016) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/699/1/012009 · Cited by 4
Photometric and Spectroscopic Studies of Four New Low-mass M-type Eclipsing Binaries
Long, L., Zhang, L., Han, X. L., Lu, H., Pi, Q., & Yue, Q. (2018) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aae3ea · Cited by 4
Workload-Driven Vertical Partitioning for Effective Query Processing over Raw DataPreprint
Zhao, W., Cheng, Y., & Rusu, F. (2015) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1503.08946 · Cited by 4
“Data are generated at an unprecedented volume by scientific instruments observing the macrocosm [1, 39, 29] and the microcosm [38, 35], or by humans connected around-the-clock to mobile platforms such as Facebook and Twitter.”
BackgroundCombined decision making with multiple agents
Simpson, E. (2014) · Bristol Research (University of Bristol) · doi:10.5287/ora-pdyqmg2ej · Cited by 4
Searching for Be Stars in the Open Cluster NGC663Preprint
Yu, P., Lin, C.-C., Chen, W.-P., Lee, C.-D., Ip, W., Ngeow, C., Laher, R. R., Surace, J., & Kulkarni, S. R. (2016) · Cited by 4
Self-citationClassifying Seyfert galaxies with deep learning
Chen, Y. C. (2021) · IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) · Cited by 4
MUSE IFU observations of galaxies hosting tidal disruption events
Pursiainen, M., Leloudas, G., Lyman, J. D., Byrne, C. M., Charalampopoulos, P., Ramsden, P., Kim, S., Schulze, S., Anderson, J. P., Bauer, F. E., et al. (2025) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staf2093 · Cited by 3
Unsupervised learning for variability detection with Gaia Data Release 3 photometry
Ranaivomanana, P., Johnston, C., Iorio, G., Groot, P., Uzundag, M., Kupfer, T., & Aerts, C. (2025) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202555875 · Cited by 3
Post-outburst Evolution of Bona Fide FU Ori-type V2493 Cygnus: A Spectro-photometric Monitoring
Ghosh, A., Sharma, S., Ninan, J. P., Ojha, D. K., Bhatt, B. C., Sahu, D. K., Baug, T., Yadav, R. K., Irawati, P., Gour, A. S., et al. (2023) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ace32a · Cited by 3
RT-SNDETR: real-time supernova detection via end-to-end image transformers
Pan, Z.-R., Qiu, B., & Li, G.-W. (2024) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stae2107 · Cited by 3
A New LISA-detectable Type Ia Supernova Progenitor in the Southern Sky: SMSS J1138−5139
Kosakowski, A., Dorsch, M., Brown, W. R., Kupfer, T., Daya, F. B., & Kilic, M. (2025) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/add1cf · Cited by 3
“Archival data from time-domain surveys such as the Palomar Transient Factory ( N. M. Law et al. 2009 ) , the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae ( C. S. Kochanek et al. 2017 ) , and the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System ( ATLAS; A. N. Heinze et al. 2018; J. L. Tonry et al. 2018 )…”
A new Bowen fluorescence flare and extreme coronal line emitter discovered by SRG/eROSITA
Baldini, P., Rau, A., Arcodia, R., Ryu, T., Liu, Z., Sánchez-Sáez, P., Grotova, I., Merloni, A., Ciroi, S., Goodwin, A. J., et al. (2025) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202554812 · Cited by 3
Self-citationZuo, X., Tao, Y., Huang, Y., Kang, Z., Chen, H., Cui, C., Pan, J., Kong, X., Ting, Y.-S., Tang, X., et al. (2025) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ae1467 · Cited by 3
“…not only by space missions, but also by major ground-based surveys, such as the Sloan Digital Sky Survey ( D. G. York et al. 2000 ) , the Palomar Transient Factory ( N. M. Law et al. 2009 ) , Pan-STARRS ( N. Kaiser et al. 2002 ) , and the Zwicky Transient Facility ( ZTF; E. C. Bellm et al. 2018 ) .”
The SED Machine: A Spectrograph to Efficiently Classify Transient Events Discovered by PTF
Ngeow, C., Konidaris, N. P., Quimby, R., Ritter, A., Rudy, A. R., Lin, E., & Ben-Ami, S. (2012) · Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union · doi:10.1017/s1743921312020017 · Cited by 3
“The main goals for Palomar Transient Factory (PTF, Law et al. 2009; Rau et al. 2009) include finding Type Ia and core collapse supernovae, discovering various rare transient events, as well as dedicated time domain study (such as the PTF-Orion project).”
BackgroundSelf-citationNew open-source approaches to the modeling of stellar collapse and the formation of black holes
Ott, C. D., O’Connor, E., Peng, F., Reisswig, C., Sperhake, U., Schnetter, E., Abdikamalov, E. B., Diener, P., Löffler, F., Hawke, I., et al. (2010) · Astrophysics and Space Science · doi:10.1007/s10509-010-0553-1 · Cited by 3
Summary of the Conference “The Physics of Evolved Stars”
Marco, O. D. (2015) · EAS Publications Series · doi:10.1051/eas/1571085 · Cited by 3
Soraisam, M., Гильфанов, М. Р., Kupfer, T., Masci, F. J., Shafter, A. W., Prince, T. A., Kulkarni, S. R., Ofek, E. O., & Bellm, E. C. (2016) · CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1612.00116 · Cited by 3
“The Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) survey (Law et al. 2009; Rau et al. 2009; Ofek et al. 2012) was succeeded by iPTF in 2013.”
MethodInfluentialSelf-citationFluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae from a university hospital, Thailand.
Srifuengfung, S., Tribuddharat, C., Chokephaibulkit, K., & Comerungsee, S. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 3
Query Languages for Polystore Databases for Large Scientific Data Archives
Poudel, M., Shrestha, S., Sarode, R. P., Chu, W., & Bhalla, S. (2019) · International Conference on Cloud Computing, Data Science & Engineering (Confluence) · doi:10.1109/confluence.2019.8776972 · Cited by 3
“, stars, supernovae, asteroids, comets, fast-moving solar system object, gamma-ray bursts, and other stellar explosions through different telescope [7].”
BackgroundRegős, E., Vinkó, J., & Stermeczky, Z. V. (2021) · Repository of the Academy's Library (Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences) · Cited by 3
BGLS-based method of estimating the rotational periods of asteroids
Ren, Y.-Q., Lu, X., & Liang, Y. (2021) · Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1088/1674-4527/21/7/166 · Cited by 3
A Swift Response to Newly Discovered, Nearby Transients
Brown, P. J., Robertson, M., Devarakonda, Y., Sarria, E., Pooley, D. A., & Stritzinger, M. D. (2023) · Universe · doi:10.3390/universe9050218 · Cited by 3
Rapidly Evolving Transients in Archival ZTF Public Alerts
Li, W., Arcavi, I., Ehud Nakar, A., Filippenko, A. V., Brink, T. G., Zheng, W., Yang, Y., Lam, M. C., Keinan, I., Brennan, S., et al. (2023) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ace4bc · Cited by 3
Self-citationA Systematic Search for Rapid Transients in the Subaru HSC-SSP Transient Survey
Toshikage, S., Tanaka, M., Yasuda, N., Moriya, T. J., Takahashi, I., Jiang, J.-A., Kokubo, M., Matsumoto, N., Maeda, K., Morokuma, T., et al. (2024) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad8647 · Cited by 3
“In the last decade, high-cadence and deep optical transient surveys such as the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF; Law et al. 2009; Rau et al. 2009), the Pan-STARRS1 (PS1; Kaiser et al. 2010), All Sky Automated Survey for SuperNovae (ASAS-SN; Shappee et al. 2014), Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last…”
ZTF-observed late-time signals of pre-ZTF transients
Terwel, J., Maguire, K., Sollerman, J., Wiseman, P., Chen, X., Graham, M. J., Laher, R. R., Riddle, R., & Sravan, N. (2025) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202452198 · Cited by 3
Self-citationFalse positives in gravitational wave campaigns: the electromagnetic perspective
Oates, S. R. (2025) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2024.0120 · Cited by 3
“However, the increase in the cadence of typical optical surveys (e.g. from 5 to 3 days; PTF versus Pan-STARRS1 [173,174]) has led to the detection of a number of rapidly evolving transients (RETs), also known as Fast Blue Optical Transients, e.g. [174–177], which includes AT2018cow (e.g. [178–180]).”
Multiwavelength Study of a Hyperluminous X-Ray Source near NGC 6099: A Strong IMBH Candidate
Chang, Y.-C., Soria, R., Kong, A. K. H., Graham, A. W., Grishin, K., & Chilingarian, I. (2025) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/adbbee · Cited by 3
“We inspected 34 R -band images (exposure time of 60 s each) taken by the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) (Rau et al. 2009; Law et al. 2009) from the 48-in Samuel Oschin Telescope between 2009 May and 2010 August 13 .”
Polystore Data Management Systems for Managing Scientific Data-sets in Big Data Archives
Patidar, R. G., Shrestha, S., & Bhalla, S. (2018) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-04780-1_15 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Law, N. M., Kulkarni, S. R., Dekany, R. G., Ofek, E. O., Quimby, R. M., Nugent, P. E., Surace, J., Grillmair, C. C., Bloom, J. S., Kasliwal, M. M., Bildsten, L., Brown, T., Cenko, S. B., Ciardi, D., Croner, E., Djorgovski, S. G., van Eyken, J., Filippenko, A. V., Fox, D. B., Gal-Yam, A., Hale, D., Hamam, N., Helou, G., Henning, J., Howell, D. A., Jacobsen, J., Laher, R., Mattingly, S., McKenna, D., Pickles, A., Poznanski, D., Rahmer, G., Rau, A., Rosing, W., Shara, M., Smith, R., Starr, D., Sullivan, M., Velur, V., Walters, R., & Zolkower, J.
- Affiliations
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- University of California, Santa Barbara (US)
- Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network (US)
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- American Museum of Natural History (US)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- ORCID
- Law, Nicholas M.
- Kulkarni, Shrinivas R.
- Dekany, Richard G.
- Ofek, Eran O.
- Quimby, Robert M.
- Nugent, Peter E.
- Surace, Jason
- Bloom, Joshua S.
- Kasliwal, Mansi M.
- Bildsten, Lars
- Cenko, S. Bradley
- Ciardi, David
- Djorgovski, S. George
- Filippenko, Alexei V.
- Fox, Derek B.
- Hale, David
- Howell, D. Andrew
- Laher, Russ
- Poznanski, Dovi
- Rahmer, Gustavo
- Rau, Arne
- Shara, Michael
- Smith, Roger
- Sullivan, Mark
- Walters, Richard
- Venue
- Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Published
- 2009-12
- Volume
- 121
- Issue
- 886
- Pages
- 1395-1408
- ISSN
- 0004-6280 (ISSN-L)
- 1538-3873
- OpenAlex
- W2083217178
- Cited by
- 1,141
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 74 · 2019: 99 · 2018: 92 · 2017: 115 · 2016: 114 · 2015: 76 · 2014: 69 · 2013: 64 · 2012: 65
- FWCI
- 26.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (0540352, 0607485, 0507734)
- U.S. Department of Energy (DE‐FG02‐, FC02-06ER41453, FG02-08ER41563)
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NNX08AM04G)
- Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
- California Institute of Technology
- University of Oxford
- Minerva Foundation
- Weizmann Institute of Science
- Israel Science Foundation
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Instrumentation › Astronomy and Astrophysical Research
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Keywords
- Palomar Transient Factory, optical transients, supernova search, transient survey, light curves, transient classification, H-alpha survey, eclipsing binaries, transiting exoplanets, Orion
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