Intracellular Mycobacterium avium Intersect Transferrin in the Rab11+Recycling Endocytic Pathway and Avoid Lipocalin 2 Trafficking to the Lysosomal Pathway
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Iron is an essential nutrient for microbes, and many pathogenic bacteria depend on siderophores to obtain iron. The mammalian innate immunity protein lipocalin 2 (Lcn2; also known as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, 24p3, or siderocalin) binds the siderophore carboxymycobactin, an essential component of the iron acquisition apparatus of mycobacteria. Here we show that Lcn2 suppressed growth of Mycobacterium avium in culture, and M. avium induced Lcn2 production from mouse macrophages. Lcn2 also had elevated levels and initially limited the growth of M. avium in the blood of infected mice but did not impede growth in tissues and during long-term infections. M. avium is an intracellular pathogen. Subcellular imaging of infected macrophages revealed that Lcn2 trafficked to lysosomes separate from M. avium, whereas transferrin was efficiently transported to the mycobacteria. Thus, mycobacteria seem to reside in the Rab11(+) endocytic recycling pathway, thereby retaining access to nutrition and avoiding endocytosed immunoproteins like Lcn2.
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Early phagosomes recruit Tf via TfR and have been suggested as an ideal niche for microbes that require iron for growth such as M. tuberculosis.
“Early phagosomes recruit Tf via TfR and have therefore been suggested as an ideal niche for microbes, which require iron for growth such as M. tuberculosis (31, 32).”
From Macrophage defense mechanisms against intracellular bacteria (2015) · cites this paper as [31]
Lcn2 formation is increased in macrophages infected with M. avium, and these bacteria avoid Lcn2-expressing phagosomes but reside within Rab11+ recycling endosomes, where they have access to transferrin.
“Of interest, while Lcn2 formation is increased in macrophages infected with M. avium, these bacteria avoided population of Lcn2-expressing phagosomes but resided within Rab11+ recycling endosomes, where they have excess to transferrin (31).”
From Macrophage defense mechanisms against intracellular bacteria (2015) · cites this paper as [31]
Mycobacterium avium can overcome iron limitation by Lcn2 by residing in Rab11+ recycling phagosomes where it accesses transferrin iron but avoids Lcn2 restriction.
“Of interest, Mycobacteria avium can overcome Fe limitation by Lcn2 by residing in Rab11 + recycling phagosomes where the bacterium has access to transferrin Fe but avoids Fe restriction by Lcn2 [158].”
From The Iron age of host–microbe interactions (2015) · cites this paper as [158]
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Åsberg, S. E., Mediaas, S. D., Marstad, A., Ryan, L., Louet, C., Sporsheim, B., Beckwith, K. S., Underhill, D. M., Gidon, A., & Flo, T. H. (2020) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1002/jlb.4hi0420-306r · Cited by 5 · see citing works
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Serum lipocalin-2 levels are decreased in patients with leprosy
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Self-citationStealth in non-tuberculous mycobacteria: clever challengers to the immune system
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Siderocalin Combats Mycobacterial Infections
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- Authors
- Halaas, Ø., Steigedal, M., Haug, M., Awuh, J. A., Ryan, L., Brech, A., Sato, S., Husebye, H., Cangelosi, G. A., Akira, S., Strong, R. K., Espevik, T., & Flo, T. H.
- Affiliations
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO)
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, The University of Osaka (JP)
- Center for Infectious Disease Research (US)
- Fred Hutch Cancer Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Flo, Trude H.
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Infectious Diseases
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2010-03
- Volume
- 201
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 783-792
- ISSN
- 0022-1899 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-6613
- PMC
- PMC2862295
- OpenAlex
- W2130846764
- Cited by
- 68
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 5.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Journal of Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Medical University of South Carolina
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI59432, R01AI059432)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Iron Metabolism and Disorders
- Keywords
- Mycobacterium avium, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, siderocalin, transferrin, lysosomal pathway, iron acquisition, siderophores, intracellular mycobacteria, macrophages, intracellular trafficking
- MeSH terms
- Lipocalin-2, rab11 GTP-Binding Proteins, Acute-Phase Proteins, Animals, Blood, Liver, Lysosomes, Macrophages, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mycobacterium avium, Spleen, Transferrin, Tuberculosis, Colony Count, Microbial, Oncogene Proteins, rab GTP-Binding Proteins, Mice, Lipocalins
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