The DOI matches its Crossref record; 71 of the 71 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Is It Harder for Older Workers to Find Jobs? New and Improved Evidence from a Field Experiment
Abstract
We design and implement a large-scale resume correspondence study to address limitations of existing field experiments testing for age discrimination that may bias their results. One limitation that may bias results is giving older and younger applicants similar experience to make them “otherwise comparable.” A second limitation is that greater unobserved differences in human capital investment of older applicants may bias the results against finding age discrimination. On the basis of over 40,000 job applications, we find robust evidence of age discrimination in hiring against older women, especially those near retirement age, but considerably less evidence of age discrimination against men.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Schooling, Experience, and Earnings
Mincer, J. (1974) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 6,840
Bertrand, M., & Mullainathan, S. (2004) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/0002828042002561 · Cited by 4,504
The Economics of Discrimination.
Collard, D., & Becker, G. S. (1972) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/2230052 · Cited by 3,573
Robust Inference With Multiway Clustering
Cameron, A. C., Gelbach, J. B., & Miller, D. L. (2011) · Journal of Business & Economic Statistics · doi:10.1198/jbes.2010.07136 · Cited by 3,203
Getting a Job: Is There a Motherhood Penalty?
Correll, S. J., Benard, S., & Paik, I. (2007) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/511799 · Cited by 2,525
Why Is There Mandatory Retirement?
Lazear, E. P. (1979) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/260835 · Cited by 2,038
Statistical Theories of Discrimination in Labor Markets
Aigner, D. J., & Cain, G. G. (1977) · ILR Review · doi:10.1177/001979397703000204 · Cited by 1,503
Field Experiments of Discrimination in the Market Place
Riach, P. A., & Rich, J. (2002) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.1111/1468-0297.00080 · Cited by 911
Heckman, J. J. (1998) · Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/jep.12.2.101 · Cited by 824
Internal Migration in the United States
Molloy, R., Smith, C. L., & Wozniak, A. (2011) · Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/jep.25.3.173 · Cited by 787
Cited by
Hiring Discrimination: An Overview of (Almost) All Correspondence Experiments Since 2005
Baert, S. (2018) · Audit Studies: Behind the Scenes with Theory, Method, and Nuance · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-71153-9_3 · Cited by 169
An, J., Huang, D., Lin, C., & Tai, M. (2025) · PNAS Nexus · doi:10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf089 · Cited by 58
Neumark, D., Burn, I., Button, P., & Chehras, N. (2019) · The Journal of Law and Economics · doi:10.1086/704008 · Cited by 58
Self-citationButton, P. (2019) · doi:10.3386/w25850 · Cited by 18
Self-citationBacklash for high self‐promotion at hiring depends on candidates' gender and age
Krings, F., Manoharan, S., & Mendes de Oliveira, A. (2023) · International Journal of Selection and Assessment · doi:10.1111/ijsa.12410 · Cited by 15
Metadata
- Authors
- Neumark, D., Burn, I., & Button, P.
- Venue
- Journal of Political Economy
- Publisher
- University of Chicago Press
- Published
- 2019-04
- Volume
- 127
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 922-970
- ISSN
- 0022-3808 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-534X
- OpenAlex
- W1820682753
- Cited by
- 296
- References
- 71
- FWCI
- 47.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Is It Harder for Older Workers to Find Jobs? New and Improved Evidence from a Field Experiment. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1086/701029
- The paper
- Neumark, D., Burn, I., & Button, P. (2019). Is It Harder for Older Workers to Find Jobs? New and Improved Evidence from a Field Experiment. Journal of Political Economy. https://doi.org/10.1086/701029
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.