The DOI matches its Crossref record; 123 of the 123 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 8 of the 84 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Discrete optics in femtosecond-laser-written photonic structures
Open accessAbstract
Over the last few years arrays of evanescently coupled waveguides have been brought into focus as a particular representation of functionalized optical materials, in which the dispersion and diffraction of propagating light can be specifically tuned. Moreover, it turns out that the light evolution in these systems shares fundamental similarities to the quantum evolution of particle wavefunctions, so that waveguide arrays can act as a model system for emulating quantum mechanics. Recently, a novel technique was developed with which waveguides can be directly 'written' into various optical bulk materials using femtosecond laser pulses, which allows for the realization of a variety of innovative concepts which are not feasible using other fabrication methods. The aim of this tutorial is to give an introduction to this topic.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This tutorial/review explains how femtosecond-laser-written waveguide arrays in fused silica act as discrete optical systems that can emulate quantum lattice dynamics. It surveys fabrication, linear discrete effects such as Bloch oscillations and dynamic localization, and nonlinear discrete solitons.
Key findings
- Femtosecond direct writing produces permanent, homogeneous, arbitrarily shaped 1D and 2D coupled waveguide arrays; writing velocity tunes the refractive-index change and evanescent coupling, enabling artificial defects and interfaces. Representative fabrication parameters include 100 kHz, 800 nm, 20×/0.45 NA, about 150 fs, and 0.3 μJ, with losses around 0.4 dB cm⁻¹.
- Linear discrete optics demonstrations include Bloch oscillations in curved arrays with R = 1.9 m, a 75 mm period, and about a 30-waveguide shift at d = 11 μm; Bloch-Zener dynamics in binary arrays with detuning σ = 0.22c and 0.41c giving tunneling rates of about 65% and 25%; and dynamic localization at 633 nm with d = 14 μm, z₀ = 25 mm, and A₀ = 47.5 μm, collapsing after 25 mm. Polychromatic dynamic localization is reported across 450–700 nm.
- Segmentation with a π phase shift in every second waveguide restores arbitrary 1D and 2D input patterns; a 1D example used L = 50 mm, d = 16 μm, λ = 633 nm, segmentation period 26 μm, and s = 2.6 mm, while a 2D example used d = 20 μm.
- Nonlinear discrete solitons form at high peak powers: a 1D soliton in a 74.5 mm, nine-waveguide, 48 μm-spaced sample localized at P_peak = 1000 kW, with an intermediate state at 500 kW; a 2D 7×7, 105 mm, 40 μm-spaced lattice formed a soliton at 2000 kW; surface/corner solitons required 4800 kW, and an interface soliton formed at 3.2 MW. The effective nonlinear refractive index can drop to 0.25 of the bulk value at lower writing velocities.
Methods
- This is a tutorial/review that synthesizes prior theory and experiments rather than presenting one new primary dataset.
- Fabrication and characterization are described for fused-silica samples written with a Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser, typically at 100 kHz, 800 nm, 20×/0.45 NA, about 150 fs, and 0.3 μJ; fluorescence microscopy with Suprasil 311 and a 633 nm HeNe laser, plus near-field inverse-Helmholtz reconstruction, are used to observe propagation and index profiles.
- The main analysis uses coupled-mode equations with nearest-neighbor coupling, Floquet-Bloch band structure, and numerical integration compared with fluorescence images.
Limitations
- The paper states that the coupled-mode approach is a paraxial approximation valid only in the first propagation band, and that dynamic localization is exact only for nearest-neighbor coupling; higher-order coupling of about 3% and array imperfections prevent perfect refocusing.
- The paper states that self-imaging by modifying coupling constants requires precision not currently viable, and that the examples are restricted to fused silica, with extension to other materials such as LiNbO₃ left as future work.
- Evident from the text: nonlinear experiments require high peak powers and are constrained by sample damage thresholds and propagation losses around 0.4 dB cm⁻¹, and 2D solitons need higher power than 1D solitons.
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Claims the paper makes
69 No basis given · 47 No full text of the sources · 40 Own interpretation · 38 Own result · 8 Own method · 3 Supported · 3 Supported so far · 3 Not checked yet · 2 Partly supported · 1 Sources not found · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Hence, G(β x d) moves for α > 0 with a constant velocity towards +β x d during the propagation, where the velocity is given by α/ - λ [35].”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Optical Bloch oscillations
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [35] Longhi S, 2006, Europhys. Lett. sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The passage on spectral coefficients (section labeled Abstract; page unavailable) gives c₁,₂(z, κ) = f₁,₂(Fz/h)g(κ − Fz/h), supporting a constant shift toward positive κ during propagation. The paper uses F and κ, however, and does not establish that the cited sentence’s G(βₓd) moves at the stated velocity α/λ. (LLM, conf=0.86)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“One can formally show [25,33,47] that after every full period z → z + z 0 , an effective coupling constant”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Dynamic localization
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [25] source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [33] source
- Supportedcites [47] source
On p. 2, the paper describes self-imaging at multiples of the modulation period and gives the curved-array response in terms of ΔJ₀(Γ), where Δ is the original coupling constant. It also writes the effective coupling magnitude as Δeff = Δ|J₀(Γ)|. The citing formula expresses the same Bessel-function dependence using different notation, with a signed rather than magnitude convention. (LLM, conf=0.87)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“This allows analysis of the influence of boundary and interfacing effects, making fs-laser-written waveguide arrays today the only systems where complex two-dimensional interfaces can be realized [93].”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Conclusion
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [93] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The paper (p. 3) describes a femtosecond-laser-written array containing five types of wedge-like interface in one structure, supporting the claim that this method can realize complex two-dimensional interfaces. It does not say these arrays are the only systems capable of doing so. (LLM, conf=0.87)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“This is due to the repulsive character of the array surface [90], which the nonlinearity has to overcome in addition.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > 2D discrete solitons at surfaces and interfaces
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [90] source
The paper explains on p. 3 that truncating the array introduces an effective repulsive potential absent from an infinite array. It states that a surface-localized state becomes possible only when power exceeds a threshold and discreteness overcomes the surface’s repulsive force; p. 1 contrasts this threshold with solitons in infinite lattices. (LLM, conf=0.92)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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- Supported
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“arrays of evanescently coupled waveguides have been brought into focus as a particular representation of functionalized optical materials, in which the dispersion and diffraction of propagating light can be specifically tuned.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the reduced band structure with the allowed propagation bands, separated by photonic bandgaps, is shown.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Discrete systems and arrays of evanescently coupled waveguides
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“In 2004, waveguide arrays fabricated by the femtosecond (fs) direct-writing method were demonstrated for the very first time [6,7].”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Introduction
What the sources say
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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In the paper
“The centre of the beams experiences a shift of about 30 waveguides, according to the coupling strength at the lattice site spacing of d = 11 μm.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Optical Bloch oscillations
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [40] source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this case light can no longer distinguish between left and right, since also the complex-conjugated wave packet ϕ * m is a solution of equation (17).”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Optical Bloch oscillations
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the beam experienced until now a transverse shift (which is proportional to the coupling coefficient c).”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Optical Bloch oscillations
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 20
- It may state two separate claims as one. 74
- The quote only partly states this claim. 5
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Notably, polychromatic DL, together with recently proposed polychromatic Bloch oscillations [58], opens up new avenues for applications in various physical contexts.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Polychromatic dynamic localization
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [58] source
The citation identifies the recently proposed polychromatic Bloch oscillations, not the citing authors’ broader claim about applications. The Introduction (p. 1) says the paper shows how to achieve them approximately, and the Conclusion (p. 3) describes its proposal for broadband self-imaging based on them. (LLM, conf=0.94)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“The benefit is that the Bloch oscillations are not damped which significantly simplifies the observation of Bloch-Zener dynamics [35].”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Optical Bloch-Zener dynamics
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [35] Longhi S, 2006, Europhys. Lett. source
The paper contrasts irreversible damping from tunneling into higher bands with coherent dynamics when tunneling couples only two bands. It describes the binary waveguide array as an ideal system for direct observation of that two-band Zener-Bloch dynamics (both passages labeled Abstract in our copy; no page given). (LLM, conf=0.88)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“photonic structures provide the possibility of simulating such external potentials in curved waveguide arrays as well as of resolving the evolution dynamics [33,47,48].”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Dynamic localization
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [33] source
- Supportedcites [47] source
On p. 1, the paper explains that waveguide bending acts as the optical equivalent of an applied field and maps the quantum system’s temporal evolution onto the light’s propagation coordinate. Figures 2–4 (p. 2) show simulated beam evolution alongside measured output patterns from curved arrays, supporting the claimed possibility of resolving the dynamics; the paper does not present those evolution views as direct measurements. (LLM, conf=0.87)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [48] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Nonlinear surface waves are also possible at an interface between two dissimilar discrete media in 1D geometries [87,91] as well as in 2D settings, e.g. at the interface between a square lattice and a hexagonal lattice [92]”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > 2D discrete solitons at surfaces and interfaces
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [87] source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [91] source
- Supportedcites [92] source
The paper’s opening summary (p. 1) reports the experimental observation of two-dimensional solitons at the interface between square and hexagonal waveguide arrays. Its conclusion (p. 4) confirms that surface lattice solitons formed at that interface. The separate 1D claim is attributed to other citations. (LLM, conf=0.95)
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“two-dimensional (2D) lattices were experimentally realized in 2003, using optical induction in photorefractive crystals [3,4].”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Introduction
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Hence, the field in every guide is perturbed by its neighbours, which causes an energy flow, also known as evanescent coupling, from one waveguide to adjacent guides (figure 2(c)).”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Discrete systems and arrays of evanescently coupled waveguides
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“at z = 2π/α the beam reaches its initial position so the initial field distribution is restored and the periodic process is complete.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Optical Bloch oscillations
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Hence, the beam experiences a symmetric breathing and periodic refocusing.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Optical Bloch oscillations
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The optimal processing parameters with respect to the described setup are a pulse duration of about 150 fs and a pulse energy of 0.3 μJ [23].”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Femtoecond-laser-written waveguide arrays: fabrication and characterization
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [23] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In a more general context, this experiment was repeated in 2009 [40].”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Optical Bloch oscillations
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [40] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Optical Bloch oscillations were first observed in waveguide lattices in 1999 by two groups [36,37], by implementing a real transverse refractive index gradient in the lattice.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Optical Bloch oscillations
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“it took almost 65 years to experimentally observe such Bloch oscillations [30] by replacing the atomic lattice with a semiconductor superlattice.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Quantum-optical analogies
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [30] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“reaches a width of about 11 waveguides at a spacing of 14 μm, before it relocalizes after every 37.5 mm of propagation (figure 11(b)).”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Optical Bloch oscillations
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [40] source
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The first experimental observation of Bloch oscillations in curved lattices was reported in 2004 [38]”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Optical Bloch oscillations
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [38] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Bloch oscillations in fs-laser-written waveguide arrays were demonstrated for the first time in 2006 [39].”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Optical Bloch oscillations
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [39] source
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As the lattice period now is twice the one of the homogeneous array, the first band splits into two minibands separated by a minigap, which is determined by the different depths of the wells.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Optical Bloch-Zener dynamics
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In both images it is clearly shown that DL occurs for the design wavelengths solely, whereas for other wavelengths in the vicinity of the design wavelengths the localization is incomplete.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Dynamic localization
boostedn = 2- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the excited upper band is fully occupied at the beginning and at the end of the sample, whereas the lower band has its maximum occupation at the sample's centre.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Optical Bloch-Zener dynamics
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Again, tunnelling and Bragg reflection occur; however, at this point the dynamics is much more complex due to the coherent combination of tunnelling and Bragg reflection.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Optical Bloch-Zener dynamics
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“After a propagation distance of 12.5 mm the light field spreads across about nine waveguides before it starts to relocalize in order to collapse after 25 mm.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Dynamic localization
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“For a waveguide spacing of d = 26 μm and a design wavelength of λ = 550 nm, following the analysis in [56] yields for the first section A 1 = 56 μm and z 1 = 63 mm, and for the second section A 2 = 86 μm and z 2 = 42 mm.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Polychromatic dynamic localization
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [56] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this case the gap between the bands vanishes, the Zener tunnelling rate is 100%”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Optical Bloch-Zener dynamics
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“for the design wavelength λ = 550 nm at the first two resonances one finds c eff (λ 1ε) < 0 and c eff (λ 2ε) > 0”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Polychromatic dynamic localization
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For a sample length of 50 mm, a waveguide spacing of 14 μm and a chosen period of z 0 = 25 mm, a bending amplitude of A 0 = 47.5 μm”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Dynamic localization
plaindirect- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the beam spatially breaks up into two parts at the edge of the Brillouin zone, and then follows different paths due to the opposite curvature of the upper and the lower miniband.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Optical Bloch-Zener dynamics
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the initially excited band remains mostly occupied for the first Bloch period and only a small fraction of the light tunnels into the second miniband (figure 14(c)), effectively doubling the oscillation frequency compared to figure 14(a).”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Optical Bloch-Zener dynamics
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In the paper
“There, the presence of the minigap causes the wave to split into two parts.One part tunnels through the minigap (Zenerlike tunnelling) to β x d = -π/2 in the lower band, while the other part is Bragg reflected into the initial, upper miniband to β x d = -π/2”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Optical Bloch-Zener dynamics
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In the paper
“The geometric parameters of d = 11 μm and a radius of curvature R = 1.90 m yield an oscillations period of 75 mm, corresponding to the sample length.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Optical Bloch-Zener dynamics
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In the paper
“For increasing writing velocities during the fabrication process the refractive index change becomes smaller (see figure 7(b)) causing a weaker guiding and, hence, a weaker confinement which results in an increase of r.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Reduced nonlinear refractive index
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In the paper
“while for high writing speeds the nonlinearity is almost not affected and reaches the value for the unprocessed bulk material (n 2(bulk) = 2.7 × 10 -20 m 2 W -1 at λ = 800 nm [68]), with decreasing velocity also the effective nonlinear refractive index drops to only n 2(eff) = 0.25n 2(bulk) [23,69].”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Reduced nonlinear refractive index
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In the paper
“the required power for soliton formation is much higher than in the straight lattice, where localization takes place already at P peak = 1200 kW”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > 1D discrete solitons
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In the paper
“The linear coupling is only marginally influenced by the anisotropy (ellipticity) of the waveguides, since the waveguide separations are large, so the coupling is only weakly anisotropic.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > 2D discrete solitons
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In the paper
“Eventually, at P peak = 3450 kW the nonlinear focusing overcomes the spreading and a discrete soliton forms.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > 1D discrete solitons
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In the paper
“Only at sufficiently high power the beam localizes and forms a soliton.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > 1D discrete solitons
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In the paper
“at P peak = 2000 kW (figure 29(c)), almost all of the guided energy remains in the excited waveguide: a 2D discrete soliton has been generated [79].”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > 2D discrete solitons
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In the paper
“However, this behaviour is significantly altered by the segmentation.As soon as the light encounters the phase shift, diffraction reverses and the initial light distribution is restored.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Self-imaging in waveguide arrays by segmentation
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In the paper
“However, even for large input peak powers one can clearly observe nearinterface localization (figures 32(d) (P peak = 2300 kW) and (e) (P peak = 2700 kW)), so that finally at P peak = 3200 kW an interface lattice soliton forms (figure 32(f)).”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > 2D discrete solitons at surfaces and interfaces
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In the paper
“Note the reduced power threshold compared to the surface soliton case, which, however, is still higher than for 2D solitons in the array bulk.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > 2D discrete solitons at surfaces and interfaces
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In the paper
“Additionally, the hexagonal region exhibits a higher packing density of the waveguides, leading to a higher mean refractive index.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > 2D discrete solitons at surfaces and interfaces
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In the paper
“Additionally, the refractive index of the individual guides in the hexagonal lattice is slightly higher, achieved by a slightly lower writing speed in this region (1800 μm s -1 ), compared to the square region (2000 μm s -1 ).”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > 2D discrete solitons at surfaces and interfaces
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In the paper
“It turns out that the fs laser writing technique is an excellent approach to fulfilling these requirements.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Femtoecond-laser-written waveguide arrays: fabrication and characterization
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In the paper
“the coupled mode approach used to derive the basic equations of propagation is a paraxial approximation and, furthermore, only valid in the first propagation band.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Discrete systems and arrays of evanescently coupled waveguides
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- The authors state this as an assumption: In the coupled mode description, the transverse shape of the modes in individual guides remains constant, so only the amplitudes evolve.
- The authors state this as an assumption: Only coupling to the nearest lattice sites is considered because interaction between waveguides drops exponentially with increasing spacing.
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In the paper
“This phenomenon is commonly explained by the fact that bulk fused silica consists of molecular ring structures which are composed of several SiO 2 molecules each, which are partially broken by the fs laser radiation”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Femtoecond-laser-written waveguide arrays: fabrication and characterization
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In the paper
“the light evolution in these systems shares fundamental similarities to the quantum evolution of particle wavefunctions, so that waveguide arrays can act as a model system for emulating quantum mechanics.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Abstract
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In the paper
“In the particular case of fused silica as the processed material, the density is locally increased [14], yielding an increase of the refractive index [15].”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Femtoecond-laser-written waveguide arrays: fabrication and characterization
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In the paper
“a novel technique was developed with which waveguides can be directly 'written' into various optical bulk materials using femtosecond laser pulses, which allows for the realization of a variety of innovative concepts which are not feasible using other fabrication methods.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Abstract
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In the paper
“By moving the sample transversely with respect to the beam a continuous modification is obtained and a waveguide is created [16].”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Femtoecond-laser-written waveguide arrays: fabrication and characterization
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In the paper
“This changes strongly when the index of refraction is periodically modulated [8,9] (figure 2(b)).”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Discrete systems and arrays of evanescently coupled waveguides
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In the paper
“there is a fundamental difference between the longitudinal propagation direction z and the transverse directions x, y in which the energy transport occurs only by evanescent fields.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Discrete systems and arrays of evanescently coupled waveguides
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In the paper
“in optics the evolution takes place in space instead of time, so the temporal evolution is mapped onto a spatial dimension (the propagation direction) and can therefore be directly observed at an arbitrary resolution.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Quantum-optical analogies
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In the paper
“Since the colour centres are formed exclusively inside the waveguides, this technique yields a high signal-to-noise ratio.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Femtoecond-laser-written waveguide arrays: fabrication and characterization
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In the paper
“The term ω ẍ0 m represents the transverse electrical field and can be tuned by an appropriate curvature of the waveguide array.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Quantum-optical analogies
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In the paper
“The respective Fourier transform G(β x d) is a narrow distribution and initially located around β x d = 0.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Optical Bloch oscillations
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In the paper
“the plane waves seem to have travelled different distances, resulting in different effective group velocities and, hence, a different effective index of the individual guides.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Quantum-optical analogies
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In the paper
“Assuming the bending to be much smaller than the waveguide spacing d, in the 1D case the paraxial Helmholtz equation ( 2) converts into”
- Also stated in: § Quantum-optical analogies · plain
“The term ẍ0 x , where the dots stand for the derivative with respect to z , acts now as the transverse force.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Quantum-optical analogies
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- Also stated in: § Quantum-optical analogies · plain
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In the paper
“Importantly, the dependence of the fluorescence intensity on the intensity of the propagating light is approximately linear, so that not only qualitative but also quantitative measurements can be performed.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Femtoecond-laser-written waveguide arrays: fabrication and characterization
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In the paper
“the famous acceleration theorem [29] states that a constant gradient in real space yields a constant motion in Fourier space.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Optical Bloch oscillations
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [29] source
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In the paper
“The NBOHCs have a broad absorption band around 2.0 eV [26] and exhibit an absorption maximum at 620 nm [27].”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Femtoecond-laser-written waveguide arrays: fabrication and characterization
What the sources say
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In the paper
“when launching red light from a HeNe laser at λ = 633 nm (corresponding to 1.95 eV) into the waveguides, these colour centres are excited and the resulting fluorescence (at λ = 650 nm) can be directly observed.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Femtoecond-laser-written waveguide arrays: fabrication and characterization
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In the paper
“It was shown by Felix Bloch in 1928 [29] that a linear transverse potential yields a periodic oscillation of the wavefunction.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Quantum-optical analogies
What the sources say
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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In the paper
“But this process strongly dampens the Bloch oscillations and, more importantly, the larger width of higher propagation bands impeded the investigation of the interplay between Bloch oscillations and Zener tunnelling.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Optical Bloch-Zener dynamics
What the sources say
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In the paper
“the Zener tunnelling is much more complex at the second and later tunnelling points since light occupies both minibands and coherent interference determines the band occupancy after the crossings.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Optical Bloch-Zener dynamics
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In the paper
“for a fixed waveguide spacing d and a wavelength λ, DL is obtained only for the particular ratios A 0 /z 0 and the wave packet collapses at z 0 .”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Dynamic localization
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In the paper
“in the homogeneous array the Brillouin zone is -π β x d π (instead of -π/2 β x d π/2 in the binary array)”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Optical Bloch-Zener dynamics
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In the paper
“Recently, it was suggested that introducing specific phase shifts to the propagating modes by a segmentation of the waveguide arrays can yield image reconstruction for arbitrary 1D and 2D intensity distributions even in finite configurations involving boundary reflections [60].”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Self-imaging in waveguide arrays by segmentation
What the sources say
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Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“This can be overcome by a particular modification of the coupling constants [59]; however, the extreme precision required does not seem viable with current fabrication techniques.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Self-imaging in waveguide arrays by segmentation
What the sources say
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A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“complex semiconductor superlattices with larger lattice periods have been used [30,44,45], although definitive evidence was still lacking [46].”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Dynamic localization
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“in most cases the impact of next-nearest neighbour coupling can be safely neglected since the deviations from pure nearestneighbour coupling is only marginal; however, when this first order is suppressed as for DL, any higher-order coupling becomes visible.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Dynamic localization
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In the paper
“it was predicted in 1986 that a transverse electric field, which is periodic in time (ac field), yields periodic collapse of the evolving wavefunction, which is well known as dynamic localization (DL) [43].”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Dynamic localization
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [43] source
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“for a constant transverse field the eigenvalues of the system are equally distributed [29,34] yielding a periodic recovery of the initial field distribution”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Dynamic localization
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In optics the corresponding potential is achieved by waveguides with alternating high and low refractive indices (figure 12(b)), which are expressed in terms of a detuning σ to the average propagation constant of the system.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Optical Bloch-Zener dynamics
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The binary lattice has a unit cell, which contains two dissimilar sites.The corresponding potential consists of alternating deep and shallow wells”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Optical Bloch-Zener dynamics
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the case of DL, the destruction of self-imaging for broadband beams stems from the resonant nature of equation ( 23), whereas for BO the self-imaging period turns out to be proportional to the wavelength λ.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Polychromatic dynamic localization
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“This phenomenon is known as nonlinear diffusion [74].”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > 1D discrete solitons
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [74] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Whereas the high power is sufficient for localization in the central part of the pulse, the pulse wings still experience linear diffraction due to their significantly lower power.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > 1D discrete solitons
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A genuine way of impressing such a phase shift on the propagating modes is the alternating segmentation of the waveguides”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Self-imaging in waveguide arrays by segmentation
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
In the paper
“The first experimental observation of a discrete 2D soliton was accomplished in lattices optically induced in a photorefractive crystal [77].”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > 2D discrete solitons
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [77] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“for the numerical modelling a reduced nonlinear coefficient γ using n 2(eff) = 0.25n 2(bulk) was used, which is consistent with figure 24(b) since the array was fabricated with a writing velocity of 500 μm s -1 .”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > 1D discrete solitons
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“in fused silica γ is positive; therefore, the nonlinear contribution is also positive.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > 1D discrete solitons
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“in contrast the alternative approach based on the fs direct writing technique has some inherent advantages, including e.g. the insertion of artificial defects, the creation of anisotropic coupling, and the realization of boundaries and interfaces between different array topologies.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > 2D discrete solitons
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“It was demonstrated by Kelley [76] that 2D solitons in homogeneous media are unstable, i.e. they exist only at the critical power.For lower power, the beam still spreads, and for higher power the beam collapses.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > 2D discrete solitons
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [76] source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As more complex intensity distributions are simply a superposition of a set of single waveguide excitations, this setting therefore allows for the imaging of arbitrary input signals.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Self-imaging in waveguide arrays by segmentation
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In nonlinear optics, surface waves residing at the interface between naturally uniform materials typically are observed when their power exceeds a certain threshold and are stable under appropriate conditions [84].”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > 2D discrete solitons at surfaces and interfaces
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [84] Mihalache D, 1989, Prog. Opt. source
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the electronic χ (3) nonlinearity provides an almost instantaneous response of the system, but is rather weak.Therefore, a high input peak power is required for the excitation of discrete solitons in these lattices, so that the experimental analysis relies on powerful laser sources.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > 1D discrete solitons
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Propagation bands and bandgaps are a direct consequence of the periodicity of an infinite waveguide array, yielding the existence of discrete solitons when the propagation constant of the travelling modes is shifted by the nonlinear influence from the bands into the bandgaps.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > 2D discrete solitons at surfaces and interfaces
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Since this novel method is independent of array boundaries, it therefore provides a versatile method for exact image transmission in a variety of configurations in integrated optics.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Self-imaging in waveguide arrays by segmentation
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The situation completely changes in the presence of a surface, since the periodicity is abruptly interrupted.The former homogeneous band structure is splitting up depending on the distance to the surface, so the simplified picture of shifting the propagation constant from the band into the bandgap is no longer valid.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > 2D discrete solitons at surfaces and interfaces
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, it is possible to precisely control the properties of every single waveguide, to generate sharply defined surfaces or artificial defects.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Conclusion
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To summarize, it was demonstrated that fabricating complex refractive index landscapes with the fs laser-writing approach has a variety of advantages leaving these structures as an important alternative to common fabrication techniques.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Conclusion
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The repulsive character of the interface is preserved but is much weaker than for a surface.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > 2D discrete solitons at surfaces and interfaces
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The fs-laser-writing approach for the fabrication of waveguide arrays thereby exhibits a variety of advantages such as the stability and homogeneity of the waveguides and the evanescent coupling, the processing speed and the possibility of fabricating arbitrary 1D and 2D topologies for linear and nonlinear light propagation.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Conclusion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“because nonlinearity increases the refractive index and causes phase matching of both array sections.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > 2D discrete solitons at surfaces and interfaces
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Particularly, this socalled discrete optics has the potential to mimic many different quantum systems in a fully classical domain.”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Conclusion
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The authors state this as an assumption.
In the coupled mode description, the transverse shape of the modes in individual guides remains constant, so only the amplitudes evolve.
“the transverse shape of the modes in the individual guides is assumed to remain constant, so that only the amplitudes evolve.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
Only coupling to the nearest lattice sites is considered because interaction between waveguides drops exponentially with increasing spacing.
“only coupling to the nearest lattice sites is taken into account.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
For reconstructing the refractive index from near-field distributions, the effective index is taken to equal the bulk index.
“using the assumption n eff = n bulk”
The authors state this as an assumption.
The bending of the waveguides is much smaller than the waveguide spacing.
“Assuming the bending to be much smaller than the waveguide spacing d”
The paper relies on this without support.
A two-dimensional square waveguide lattice can be described as a superposition of horizontal and vertical one-dimensional lattices.
“it can be described by the superposition of horizontal and vertical 1D lattices”
The authors state this as an assumption.
Coupling between waveguides along the diagonal in the two-dimensional square lattice is negligible.
“as long as the impact of coupling between waveguides along the diagonal is negligible”
The authors state this as an assumption.
In a finite waveguide lattice, the influence of the boundary on the propagation of the mode can be neglected.
“when the influence of the boundary on the propagation of the mode can be neglected”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“While it is technologically challenging to modulate the waveguide profile in a way to precisely realize the on-site modulation involved in Thouless' original topological pump model ( 29), the excellent control in the waveguide spacing achievable with femtosecond laser microfabrication technology (Szameit et al., 2007;Szameit and Nolte, 2010) allowed for the emulation of an off-diagonal pump model”
From Topological photonics (2019) · cites this paper as Szameit and Nolte, 2010
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In previous works, optical diffraction through such an array has been conceptualized in terms of a reduced-dimensionality system [25]: in the paraxial limit, the envelope function of the linearly-polarized electric field, ψ, is found to obey a (2+1)D Schrödinger wave equation”
From Experimental observation of optical Weyl points and Fermi arc-like surface states (2017) · cites this paper as [25]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Such an oscillatory motion has been recently observed in Ref.[38] in binary arrays written in fused silica by the femtosecond laser writing technology [5], providing the first simulation in optics of ZB.”
From Classical simulation of relativistic quantum mechanics in periodic optical structures (2011) · cites this paper as [5]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“We realize the graph structure by means of a novel hybrid approach: 2D photonic lattices of spatially coupled waveguides are inscribed into fused silica by femtosecond laser writing (32), while one synthetic dimension is encoded in the photons’ polarization.”
From Exploring complex graphs using three-dimensional quantum walks of correlated photons (2021) · cites this paper as [32]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“by using three-dimensional systems (in particular, arrays of optical waveguides) (Szameit and Nolte, 2010), it is possible to use one of the dimensions as a temporal coordinate and thus observe topological protection in the orthogonal plane (Rechtsman, Zeuner, Plotnik et al., 2013).”
From Topological photonics (2019) · cites this paper as Szameit and Nolte, 2010
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Thus, a 100% visibility peak (in this case a doubling in the coincidental count rate after the splitter) should ideally be measured when changing from distinguishable to indistinguishable photons [33].”
From Quantum Walks of Correlated Photon Pairs in Two-Dimensional Waveguide Arrays (2014) · cites this paper as [33]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“The maximum visibility of the non-classical interference for these diagonal elements depends solely on the quality of the indistinguishability between the two photons inside the quantum network, irrespective of the network structure and the evolution length of the coupling region.”
From Quantum Walks of Correlated Photon Pairs in Two-Dimensional Waveguide Arrays (2014) · cites this paper as [33]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Such a structure could be realized, for instance, by femtosecond laser writing in fused silica, in which the defect line is readily obtained by varying the writing speed of the laser beam (see, for instance, [6,20]).”
From Photonic Bloch oscillations of correlated particles (2011) · cites this paper as [20]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > 2D discrete solitons at surfaces and interfaces
“for low peak power P peak = 40 kW the light is almost confined to the square region since it is reflected at the interface (figure 32(a)).”
§ Discrete optics in femtosecond-laserwritten photonic structures > Conclusion
“The input power is (a) 62 kW, (b) 1.4 MW, (c) 2 MW, (d) 2.3 MW, (e) 2.7 MW and (f) 3.2 MW.”
Citations
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Cited by
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Ozawa, T., Price, H. M., Amo, A., Goldman, N., Hafezi, M., Lu, L., Rechtsman, M. C., Schuster, D., Simon, J., Zilberberg, O., et al. (2019) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.91.015006 · Cited by 3,722
Lu, L., Joannopoulos, J. D., & Soljačić, M. (2014) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2014.248 · Cited by 3,655
Photonic Floquet topological insulators
Rechtsman, M. C., Zeuner, J. M., Plotnik, Y., Lumer, Y., Podolsky, D., Dreisow, F., Nolte, S., Segev, M., & Szameit, A. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12066 · Cited by 3,332
Self-citationExceptional topology of non-Hermitian systems
Bergholtz, E. J., Budich, J. C., & Kunst, F. K. (2021) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.93.015005 · Cited by 1,711
“Photonic crystals belong to the larger experimental platform of optical microresonators, also known as microcavities (Vahala, 2003).”
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Self-citationObservation of a Topological Transition in the Bulk of a Non-Hermitian System
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Self-citationObservation of Localized States in Lieb Photonic Lattices
Vicencio, R. A., Cantillano, C., Morales‐Inostroza, L., Real, B., Mejía-Cortés, C., Weimann, S., Szameit, A., & Molina, M. I. (2015) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.114.245503 · Cited by 617
Self-citationObservation of photonic anomalous Floquet topological insulators
Maczewsky, L. J., Zeuner, J. M., Nolte, S., & Szameit, A. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms13756 · Cited by 512
“Obviously, the Hamiltonian is z -dependent, which for waveguide lattices is analogue to time-dependence in quantum mechanics 27 and, hence, no eigenstates exist.”
InfluentialSelf-citationPhotonic topological boundary pumping as a probe of 4D quantum Hall physics
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Artificial flat band systems: from lattice models to experiments
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“[145] Alexander Szameit and Stefan Nolte, “Discrete optics in”
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Observation of the topological soliton state in the Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model
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“An overview of the latter technique, which enables fabrication of high-quality 1D and 2D arrays is given in a PhD tutorial by Szameit and Nolte [309].”
BackgroundMethodStrain-induced pseudomagnetic field and photonic Landau levels in dielectric structures
Rechtsman, M. C., Zeuner, J. M., Tünnermann, A., Nolte, S., Segev, M., & Szameit, A. (2013) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2012.302 · Cited by 453
Self-citationObservation of Photonic Topological Valley Hall Edge States
Noh, J., Huang, S., Chen, K. P., & Rechtsman, M. C. (2018) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.120.063902 · Cited by 437
Wang, H., Zhang, W., Ladika, D., Yu, H., Gailevičius, D., Wang, H., Pan, C., Nair, P. N. S., Ke, Y., Mori, T., et al. (2023) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202214211 · Cited by 420
Frontiers in multidimensional self-trapping of nonlinear fields and matter
Kartashov, Y. V., Astrakharchik, G. E., Malomed, B. A., & Torner, L. (2019) · Nature Reviews Physics · doi:10.1038/s42254-019-0025-7 · Cited by 382
Photonic topological insulator in synthetic dimensions
Lustig, E., Weimann, S., Plotnik, Y., Lumer, Y., Bandres, M. A., Szameit, A., & Segev, M. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0943-7 · Cited by 407
Self-citationPhotonic topological Anderson insulators
Stützer, S., Plotnik, Y., Lumer, Y., Titum, P., Lindner, N. H., Segev, M., Rechtsman, M. C., & Szameit, A. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0418-2 · Cited by 359
Self-citationExperimental realization of a Weyl exceptional ring
Cerjan, A., Huang, S., Wang, M., Chen, K. P., Chong, Y. D., & Rechtsman, M. C. (2019) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/s41566-019-0453-z · Cited by 374
“[62] Alexander Szameit and Stefan Nolte, “Discrete optics in femtosecond-laser-written photonic structures,” J.”
BackgroundMethodObservation of Floquet solitons in a topological bandgap
Mukherjee, S., & Rechtsman, M. C. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aba8725 · Cited by 331
Experimental observation of optical Weyl points and Fermi arc-like surface states
Noh, J., Huang, S., Leykam, D., Chong, Y. D., Chen, K. P., & Rechtsman, M. C. (2017) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/nphys4072 · Cited by 314
“The waveguide array that we employ is fabricated using femtosecond direct laser writing [24].”
MethodTopological Creation and Destruction of Edge States in Photonic Graphene
Rechtsman, M. C., Plotnik, Y., Zeuner, J. M., Song, D., Chen, Z., Szameit, A., & Segev, M. (2013) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.111.103901 · Cited by 302
Self-citationNonlinearity-induced photonic topological insulator
Maczewsky, L. J., Heinrich, M., Kremer, M., Ivanov, S. K., Ehrhardt, M., Martinez, F., Kartashov, Y. V., Konotop, V. V., Torner, L., Bauer, D., et al. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abd2033 · Cited by 268
Self-citationDisorder-Induced Floquet Topological Insulators
Titum, P., Lindner, N. H., Rechtsman, M. C., & Refael, G. (2015) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.114.056801 · Cited by 253
Artificial gauge fields in materials and engineered systems
Aidelsburger, M., Nascimbène, S., & Goldman, N. (2018) · Comptes Rendus Physique · doi:10.1016/j.crhy.2018.03.002 · Cited by 260
“ial Helmholtz equation for the evolution of the electrical field envelope [248]”
Experimental observation of bulk and edge transport in photonic Lieb lattices
Guzmán-Silva, D., Mejía-Cortés, C., Bandres, M. A., Rechtsman, M. C., Weimann, S., Nolte, S., Segev, M., Szameit, A., & Vicencio, R. A. (2014) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/16/6/063061 · Cited by 243
Self-citationCompact Surface Fano States Embedded in the Continuum of Waveguide Arrays
Weimann, S., Xu, Y., Keil, R., Miroshnichenko, A. E., Tünnermann, A., Nolte, S., Sukhorukov, A. A., Szameit, A., & Kivshar, Y. S. (2013) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.111.240403 · Cited by 234
Self-citationExperimental Observation of Aharonov-Bohm Cages in Photonic Lattices
Mukherjee, S., Liberto, M. F. D., Öhberg, P., Thomson, R. R., & Goldman, N. (2018) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.121.075502 · Cited by 233
Nonlinearity-induced photonic topological insulator
Maczewsky, L. J., Heinrich, M., Kremer, M., Ivanov, S. K., Ehrhardt, M., Martinez, F., Kartashov, Y. V., Konotop, V. V., Torner Sabata, L., Bauer, D., et al. (2020) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · Cited by 226
Self-citation(INVITED) Vortex solitons: Old results and new perspectives
Malomed, B. A. (2019) · Physica D Nonlinear Phenomena · doi:10.1016/j.physd.2019.04.009 · Cited by 210
“In addition to assembling the traditional photonic-crystal structures, similar multi-channel waveguides can be produced by burning multi-core patterns in bulk silica [174], and, on the other hand, virtual (rewritable) structures can be created in photorefractive materials, illuminating them by counterpropagating laser…”
BackgroundKremer, M., Petrides, I., Meyer, E., Heinrich, M., Zilberberg, O., & Szameit, A. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-14692-4 · Cited by 226
Self-citationObservation of a Higher-Order Topological Bound State in the Continuum
Cerjan, A., Jürgensen, M., Benalcazar, W. A., Mukherjee, S., & Rechtsman, M. C. (2020) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.125.213901 · Cited by 214
Quantized nonlinear Thouless pumping
Jürgensen, M., Mukherjee, S., & Rechtsman, M. C. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03688-9 · Cited by 217
Ultrafast‐laser‐inscribed 3D integrated photonics: challenges and emerging applications
Gross, S., & Withford, M. J. (2015) · Nanophotonics · doi:10.1515/nanoph-2015-0020 · Cited by 208
“Arrays of evanescently coupled waveguides have been widely exploited as models for quantum mechanics, enabling the observation of quantum phenomena using classical optics in the linear as well as the nonlinear regime [173, 174].”
BackgroundPerspective: Photonic flatbands
Leykam, D., & Flach, S. (2018) · APL Photonics · doi:10.1063/1.5034365 · Cited by 194
Tan, D., Wang, Z., Xu, B., & Qiu, J. (2021) · Advanced Photonics · doi:10.1117/1.ap.3.2.024002 · Cited by 190
Supersymmetric mode converters
Heinrich, M., Miri, M., Stützer, S., El‐Ganainy, R., Nolte, S., Szameit, A., & Christodoulides, D. N. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms4698 · Cited by 185
Self-citationFractional Bloch oscillations in photonic lattices
Corrielli, G., Crespi, A., Della Valle, G., Longhi, S., & Osellame, R. (2013) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms2578 · Cited by 173
Observation of PT-symmetric quantum interference
Klauck, F., Teuber, L., Ornigotti, M., Heinrich, M., Scheel, S., & Szameit, A. (2019) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/s41566-019-0517-0 · Cited by 168
Self-citationAnomalous Topological Phases and Unpaired Dirac Cones in Photonic Floquet Topological Insulators
Leykam, D., Rechtsman, M. C., & Chong, Y. D. (2016) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.117.013902 · Cited by 162
Photonic topological insulator in synthetic dimensions
Lustig, E., Weimann, S., Plotnik, Y., Lumer, Y., Bandres, M. A., Szameit, A., & Segev, M. (2019) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 157
Self-citationRoadmap on topological photonics
Price, H. M., Chong, Y. D., Khanikaev, A. B., Schomerus, H., Maczewsky, L. J., Kremer, M., Heinrich, M., Szameit, A., Zilberberg, O., Yang, Y., et al. (2022) · Journal of Physics Photonics · doi:10.1088/2515-7647/ac4ee4 · Cited by 166
“Currently, FTIs are predominantly accessible on three major platforms: femtosecond laser written waveguide arrays [72], silicon photonics [8] and ultra-cold trapped particles [73].”
BackgroundSelf-citationPhotonic Realization of the Quantum Rabi Model
Crespi, A., Longhi, S., & Osellame, R. (2012) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.108.163601 · Cited by 152
Quantum Walks of Correlated Photon Pairs in Two-Dimensional Waveguide Arrays
Poulios, K., Keil, R., Fry, D., Meinecke, J. D. A., Matthews, J. C. F., Politi, A., Lobino, M., Gräfe, M., Heinrich, M., Nolte, S., et al. (2014) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.112.143604 · Cited by 148
Self-citationMobility transition from ballistic to diffusive transport in non-Hermitian lattices
Eichelkraut, T., Heilmann, R., Weimann, S., Stützer, S., Dreisow, F., Christodoulides, D. N., Nolte, S., & Szameit, A. (2013) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms3533 · Cited by 153
Self-citationPhotonic Floquet topological insulators in a fractal lattice
Yang, Z., Lustig, E., Lumer, Y., & Segev, M. (2020) · Light Science & Applications · doi:10.1038/s41377-020-00354-z · Cited by 145
Conical Diffraction and Composite Lieb Bosons in Photonic Lattices
Diebel, F., Leykam, D., Kroesen, S., Denz, C., & Desyatnikov, A. S. (2016) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.116.183902 · Cited by 139
Quantized nonlinear Thouless pumping
Jürgensen, M., Mukherjee, S., & Rechtsman, M. C. (2021) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 141
Nanogratings in fused silica: Formation, control, and applications
Richter, S., Heinrich, M., Döring, S., Tünnermann, A., Nolte, S., & Peschel, U. (2012) · Journal of Laser Applications · doi:10.2351/1.4718561 · Cited by 142
Self-citationLinear and nonlinear traveling edge waves in optical honeycomb lattices
Ablowitz, M. J., Curtis, C. W., & Ma, Y.-P. (2014) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.90.023813 · Cited by 135
Fractal photonic topological insulators
Biesenthal, T., Maczewsky, L. J., Yang, Z., Kremer, M., Segev, M., Szameit, A., & Heinrich, M. (2022) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abm2842 · Cited by 130
Self-citationChiral Bogoliubov excitations in nonlinear bosonic systems
Bardyn, C.-E., Karzig, T., Refael, G., & Liew, T. C. H. (2016) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.93.020502 · Cited by 122
Thouless pumping in disordered photonic systems
Cerjan, A., Wang, M., Huang, S. W., Chen, K. P., & Rechtsman, M. C. (2020) · Light Science & Applications · doi:10.1038/s41377-020-00408-2 · Cited by 137
Enhancing precision in fs-laser material processing by simultaneous spatial and temporal focusing
Kammel, R., Ackermann, R., Thomas, J. U., Götte, J. B., Skupin, S., Tünnermann, A., & Nolte, S. (2014) · Light Science & Applications · doi:10.1038/lsa.2014.50 · Cited by 123
Self-citationTopological band evolution between Lieb and kagome lattices
Jiang, W., Kang, M., Huang, H., Xu, H., Low, T., & Liu, F. (2019) · Physical review. B./Physical review. B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.99.125131 · Cited by 131
Femtosecond laser micromachining for integrated quantum photonics
Corrielli, G., Crespi, A., & Osellame, R. (2021) · Nanophotonics · doi:10.1515/nanoph-2021-0419 · Cited by 130
Implementation of quantum and classical discrete fractional fourier transforms
Weimann, S., Perez-Leija, A., Lebugle, M., Keil, R., Tichy, M., Gräfe, M., Heilmann, R., Nolte, S., Moya-Cessa, H., Weihs, G., et al. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms11027 · Cited by 114
“1⁄4 i ð Þ u q ð Þ p : ð21Þ Equation (21) shows that at Z1⁄4p/2 the point-spread function becomes proportional to the amplitude of the corresponding eigenstates depending on the excited site.”
Self-citationXue, H., Wang, Q., Zhang, B., & Chong, Y. D. (2020) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.124.236403 · Cited by 120
Tutorial: Computing Topological Invariants in 2D Photonic Crystals
de Paz, M. B., Devescovi, C., Giedke, G., Sáenz, J. J., Vergniory, M. G., Bradlyn, B., Bercioux, D., & García‐Etxarri, A. (2019) · Advanced Quantum Technologies · doi:10.1002/qute.201900117 · Cited by 127
Enhancing coherent transport in a photonic network using controllable decoherence
Biggerstaff, D. N., Heilmann, R., Zecevik, A. A., Gräfe, M., Broome, M. A., Fedrizzi, A., Nolte, S., Szameit, A., White, A. G., & Kassal, I. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms11282 · Cited by 117
Self-citationShortcuts to adiabaticity in three-level systems using Lie transforms
Martínez-Garaot, S., Torrontegui, E., Chen, X., & Muga, J. G. (2014) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.89.053408 · Cited by 116
Light guiding by artificial gauge fields
Lumer, Y., Bandres, M. A., Heinrich, M., Maczewsky, L. J., Herzig-Sheinfux, H., Szameit, A., & Segev, M. (2019) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/s41566-019-0370-1 · Cited by 121
Self-citationDemonstration of a two-dimensional $${\cal P}{\cal T}$$-symmetric crystal
Kremer, M., Biesenthal, T., Maczewsky, L. J., Heinrich, M., Thomale, R., & Szameit, A. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-08104-x · Cited by 115
Self-citationParity‐Time Symmetry in Non‐Hermitian Complex Optical Media
Gupta, S. K., Zou, Y., Zhu, X., Lu, M., Zhang, L., Liu, X., & Chen, Y. (2019) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201903639 · Cited by 115
Fast escape of a quantum walker from an integrated photonic maze
Caruso, F., Crespi, A., Ciriolo, A. G., Sciarrino, F., & Osellame, R. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms11682 · Cited by 105
“Many diverse quantum phenomena [47, 48] can be observed and simulated by means of such structures: in particular, a powerful analogy can be exploited between the Schrödinger equation, describing the evolution of a wavepacket in a two-dimension potential, and the equations describing the paraxial evolution of light int…”
Femtosecond Laser Fabrication of Monolithically Integrated Microfluidic Sensors in Glass
He, F., Liao, Y., Lin, J., Song, J., Qiao, L., Cheng, Y., & Sugioka, K. (2014) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s141019402 · Cited by 111
Experimentally Detecting Quantized Zak Phases without Chiral Symmetry in Photonic Lattices
Jiao, Z., Longhi, S., Wang, X., Gao, J., Zhou, W., Wang, Y., Fu, Y.-X., Wang, L., Ren, R.-J., Qiao, L., et al. (2021) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.127.147401 · Cited by 108
Observation of Unidirectional Solitonlike Edge States in Nonlinear Floquet Topological Insulators
Mukherjee, S., & Rechtsman, M. C. (2021) · Physical Review X · doi:10.1103/physrevx.11.041057 · Cited by 113
Quantized fractional Thouless pumping of solitons
Jürgensen, M., Mukherjee, S., Jörg, C., & Rechtsman, M. C. (2023) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/s41567-022-01871-x · Cited by 112
“The waveguides are fabricated via femtosecond-direct laser writing in borosilicate glass [63, 64].”
MethodIntegrated-optics heralded controlled-NOT gate for polarization-encoded qubits
Zeuner, J., Sharma, A. N., Tillmann, M., Heilmann, R., Gräfe, M., Moqanaki, A., Szameit, A., & Walther, P. (2018) · npj Quantum Information · doi:10.1038/s41534-018-0068-0 · Cited by 95
“5 mJ, 100 kHz, 800 nm) is tightly focused into a fused silica sample, causing nonlinear absorption and permanently increasing the refractive index in the focal volume [40, 41].”
BackgroundSelf-citationVector Vortex Beam Emitter Embedded in a Photonic Chip
Chen, Y., Xia, K., Shen, W.-G., Gao, J., Yan, Z., Jiao, Z., Dou, J.-P., Tang, H. L., Lu, Y., & Jin, X. (2020) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.124.153601 · Cited by 96
Atom-optics simulator of lattice transport phenomena
Meier, Η., An, F. A., & Gadway, B. (2016) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.93.051602 · Cited by 100
Braiding photonic topological zero modes
Noh, J., Schuster, T., Iadecola, T., Huang, S., Wang, M., Chen, K. P., Chamon, C., & Rechtsman, M. C. (2020) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/s41567-020-1007-5 · Cited by 105
Mapping Twisted Light into and out of a Photonic Chip
Chen, Y., Gao, J., Jiao, Z., Sun, K., Shen, W.-G., Qiao, L., Tang, H. L., Lin, X., & Jin, X. (2018) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.121.233602 · Cited by 93
“The wafer materials only absorb energy in a scope of micrometer level and a short time slot of hundreds of femtoseconds due to the nonlinear effects, and therefore their refractive index can be modified in a very small scale [16, 17, 30].”
BackgroundMethodAtom-optics approach to studying transport phenomena
Gadway, B. (2015) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.92.043606 · Cited by 93
Transport in Sawtooth photonic lattices
Weimann, S., Morales-Inostroza, L., Real, B., Cantillano, C., Szameit, A., & Vicencio, R. A. (2016) · Optics Letters · doi:10.1364/ol.41.002414 · Cited by 91
Self-citationFaithful communication Hamiltonian in photonic lattices
Bellec, M., Nikolopoulos, G. M., & Tzortzakis, S. (2012) · Optics Letters · doi:10.1364/ol.37.004504 · Cited by 90
“7 of [2], propagation losses in the sample were estimated to about 0.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialPhotonic topological insulator induced by a dislocation in three dimensions
Lustig, E., Maczewsky, L. J., Beck, J., Biesenthal, T., Heinrich, M., Yang, Z., Plotnik, Y., Szameit, A., & Segev, M. (2022) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05129-7 · Cited by 94
Self-citationPhotonic simulation of giant atom decay
Longhi, S. (2020) · Optics Letters · doi:10.1364/ol.393578 · Cited by 90
Optical Analogues for Massless Dirac Particles and Conical Diffraction in One Dimension
Zeuner, J. M., Efremidis, N. K., Keil, R., Dreisow, F., Christodoulides, D. N., Tünnermann, A., Nolte, S., & Szameit, A. (2012) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.109.023602 · Cited by 87
Self-citationCorrelated Dynamics in a Synthetic Lattice of Momentum States.
An, F., Meier, E., Ang'ong'a, J., & Gadway, B. (2017) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.120.040407 · Cited by 66
Klein tunneling of light in waveguide superlattices
Dreisow, F., Keil, R., Tünnermann, A., Nolte, S., Longhi, S., & Szameit, A. (2012) · EPL (Europhysics Letters) · doi:10.1209/0295-5075/97/10008 · Cited by 77
Self-citationIadecola, T., Schuster, T., & Chamon, C. (2016) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.117.073901 · Cited by 86
Universal Sign Control of Coupling in Tight-Binding Lattices
Keil, R., Poli, C., Heinrich, M., Arkinstall, J., Weihs, G., Schomerus, H., & Szameit, A. (2016) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.116.213901 · Cited by 83
Self-citationDissipative time crystal in an asymmetric nonlinear photonic dimer
Seibold, K., Rota, R., & Savona, V. (2020) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.101.033839 · Cited by 79
Dynamic band collapse in photonic graphene
Crespi, A., Corrielli, G., Valle, G. D., Osellame, R., & Longhi, S. (2013) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/15/1/013012 · Cited by 80
Discrete nonlinear topological photonics
Szameit, A., & Rechtsman, M. C. (2024) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/s41567-024-02454-8 · Cited by 93
“Bulk solitons were observed 57 in laser-written waveguide arrays 58,59 in an anomalous Floquet topological insulator geometry 20,21,60 , and have even been shown to spontaneously break effective time-translation symmetry via period doubling 61 .”
Self-citationOptical waveguide arrays: quantum effects and PT symmetry breaking
Joglekar, Y. N., Thompson, C., Scott, D. D., & Vemuri, G. (2013) · The European Physical Journal Applied Physics · doi:10.1051/epjap/2013130240 · Cited by 82
Wave propagation through disordered media without backscattering and intensity variations
Makris, K. G., Brandstötter, A., Ambichl, P., Musslimani, Z. H., & Rotter, S. (2017) · Light Science & Applications · doi:10.1038/lsa.2017.35 · Cited by 85
Faithful communication hamiltonian in photonic latticesPreprint
Bellec, M., Nikolopoulos, G. M., & Tzortzakis, S. (2016) · Cited by 85
On the fundamental structure of femtosecond laser‐induced nanogratings
Richter, S., Plech, A., Steinert, M., Heinrich, M., Döring, S., Zimmermann, F., Peschel, U., Kley, E. ‐., Tünnermann, A., & Nolte, S. (2012) · Laser & Photonics Review · doi:10.1002/lpor.201200048 · Cited by 79
Self-citationDirect Observation of Flatband Loop States Arising from Nontrivial Real-Space Topology
Ma, J., Rhim, J., Tang, L., Xia, S., Wang, H., Zheng, X., Xia, S., Song, D., Hu, Y., Li, Y., et al. (2020) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.124.183901 · Cited by 73
Integrated photonic quantum walks
Gräfe, M., Heilmann, R., Lebugle, M., Guzman-Silva, D., Perez-Leija, A., & Szameit, A. (2016) · Journal of Optics · doi:10.1088/2040-8978/18/10/103002 · Cited by 70
“By altering the pulse length and the amount of pulse energy various opportunities are offered such as creation of nano gratings [63], voids [64, 65], and highly accurate waveguide networks [61].”
BackgroundSelf-citationDynamics of the optical swallowtail catastrophe
Zannotti, A., Diebel, F., & Denz, C. (2017) · Optica · doi:10.1364/optica.4.001157 · Cited by 73
“Especially since the Schrödinger equation describing the dynamics of quantum particles shows formal similarities to the paraxial Helmholtz equation providing an expression for the propagation of electromagnetic waves, the equivalence of time t and longitudinal propagation distance z in suited systems is present [22],…”
BackgroundKagome bands disguised in a coloring-triangle lattice
Zhang, S., Kang, M., Huang, H., Jiang, W., Ni, X., Kang, L., Zhang, S., Xu, H., Liu, Z., & Liu, F. (2019) · Physical review. B./Physical review. B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.99.100404 · Cited by 75
Classical simulation of relativistic quantum mechanics in periodic optical structures
Longhi, S. (2011) · Applied Physics B · doi:10.1007/s00340-011-4628-7 · Cited by 72
Wang, M., Zhao, K., Wu, J., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Huang, S. W., Zhao, J., Tweedle, T., Carpenter, D. M., Zheng, G., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing · doi:10.1088/2631-7990/abe171 · Cited by 71
“This regime is typically used to fabricate both optical devices and three dimensional (3D) photonic circuits inside transparent bulk material [19].”
MethodBimorphic Floquet topological insulators
Pyrialakos, G. G., Beck, J., Heinrich, M., Maczewsky, L. J., Kantartzis, N. V., Khajavikhan, M., Szameit, A., & Christodoulides, D. N. (2022) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/s41563-022-01238-w · Cited by 72
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Szameit, A., & Nolte, S.
- Affiliations
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology (IL)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena (DE)
- Venue
- Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Published
- 2010-07-23
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- 163001
- ISSN
- 0953-4075 (ISSN-L)
- 1361-6455
- OpenAlex
- W2038985364
- Cited by
- 610
- References
- 108
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 33
- FWCI
- 25.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Leibniz-Gemeinschaft
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering › Laser Material Processing Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Photonic and Optical Devices
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials › Nonlinear Optical Materials Studies
- Keywords
- femtosecond laser direct writing, waveguide arrays, evanescently coupled waveguides, photonic structures, quantum-classical analogy, waveguide dispersion, diffraction
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Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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