Optical and terahertz measurement techniques for flat-faced pharmaceutical tablets: a case study of gloss, surface roughness and bulk properties of starch acetate tablets
Open accessAbstract
Surface and bulk properties of flat-faced starch acetate tablets were studied.For surface quality inspection optical coherence tomography and recently developed diffractive glossmeter were utilized.Both these optical devices together provide local information on surface roughness and gloss of a tablet over a measured area.The concepts of mean topography and mean gloss profile for surface quality of a tablet are introduced.It was observed that the surface quality of the tablet varies, and compression at high pressure may not guarantee a good surface quality of the tablet.Using novel statistical parameters for gloss and relevant surface roughness parameter, it is possible to get more comprehensive quantitative data on the surface condition of a tablet.THz spectrometer was utilized for detection of THz pulse delay in transmission measurement mode from the tablets.The delay time and thickness ratio of the tablet are consistent with the porosity of the tablet as a function of compression pressure.We suggest that the multimeasurement scheme using three different devices helps tablet makers to better assess bulk and surface quality of their products.
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There is a linear correlation between the bulk refractive index and the porosity of pharmaceutical tablets.
“The work demonstrated that there is a linear correlation between the bulk refractive index and the porosity of pharmaceutical tablets, which can be exploited through the so-called zero-porosity approximation (ZPA) as a method for measuring tablet porosity.”
From Terahertz-Based Porosity Measurement of Pharmaceutical Tablets: a Tutorial (2020) · cites this paper as [35]
The Introduction says the refractive index correlates with tablet porosity, and the Results report that refractive index increases as porosity decreases. Neither passage establishes that the relationship is linear, and the paper does not describe the zero-porosity approximation (ZPA) as a method for measuring porosity. The study examined starch acetate tablets; page numbers were unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe linear correlation between bulk refractive index and porosity can be exploited through the zero-porosity approximation (ZPA) as a method for measuring tablet porosity.
“The work demonstrated that there is a linear correlation between the bulk refractive index and the porosity of pharmaceutical tablets, which can be exploited through the so-called zero-porosity approximation (ZPA) as a method for measuring tablet porosity.”
From Terahertz-Based Porosity Measurement of Pharmaceutical Tablets: a Tutorial (2020) · cites this paper as [35]
The Results (page unavailable) say that effective refractive index rises as tablet porosity falls, and the Conclusions say a THz pulse can monitor porosity. The paper does not describe the zero-porosity approximation (ZPA) or establish a linear refractive-index–porosity relationship, so those specific parts of the claim are unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Terahertz-Based Porosity Measurement of Pharmaceutical Tablets: a Tutorial
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Juuti, M., Tuononen, H., Prykäri, T., Kontturi, V, Kuosmanen, M., Alarousu, E., Ketolainen, J., Myllylä, R., & Peiponen, K.-E.
- Affiliations
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (FI)
- University of Eastern Finland (FI)
- University of Oulu (FI)
- Venue
- Measurement Science and Technology
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Published
- 2008-11-12
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 015301
- ISSN
- 0957-0233 (ISSN-L)
- 1361-6501
- OpenAlex
- W2094215041
- Cited by
- 55
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 3.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Measurement Science and Technology (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Academy of Finland
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Computational Mechanics › Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Terahertz technology and applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering › Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection
- Keywords
- tablets, starch acetate, surface roughness, optical coherence tomography, terahertz spectroscopy, tablet porosity, compression pressure, surface quality inspection
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