The DOI matches its Crossref record; 26 of the 26 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A single-pixel wireless contact lens display
Abstract
We present the design, construction and in vivo rabbit testing of a wirelessly powered contact lens display. The display consists of an antenna, a 500 × 500 µm2 silicon power harvesting and radio integrated circuit, metal interconnects, insulation layers and a 750 × 750 µm2 transparent sapphire chip containing a custom-designed micro-light emitting diode with peak emission at 475 nm, all integrated onto a contact lens. The display can be powered wirelessly from ∼1 m in free space and ∼2 cm in vivo on a rabbit. The display was tested on live, anesthetized rabbits with no observed adverse effect. In order to extend display capabilities, design and fabrication of micro-Fresnel lenses on a contact lens are presented to move toward a multipixel display that can be worn in the form of a contact lens. Contact lenses with integrated micro-Fresnel lenses were also tested on live rabbits and showed no adverse effect.
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“These issues include (i) the use of opaque electronic materials for sensors, integrated circuit (IC) chips, metal antennas, and interconnects that can block users’ vision (15, 17, 18);”
From Soft, smart contact lenses with integrations of wireless circuits, glucose sensors, and displays (2018) · cites this paper as [17]
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Soft, smart contact lenses with integrations of wireless circuits, glucose sensors, and displays
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lingley, A. R., Ali, M., Liao, Y., Mirjalili, R., Klonner, M., Sopanen, M., Suihkonen, S., Shen, T., Otis, B. P., Lipsanen, H., & Parviz, B. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Aalto University (FI)
- Venue
- Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Published
- 2011-11-22
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 125014
- ISSN
- 0960-1317 (ISSN-L)
- 1361-6439
- OpenAlex
- W2050813770
- Cited by
- 148
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 8.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Agilent Technologies
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Wireless Power Transfer Systems
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Wireless Body Area Networks
- Keywords
- wireless power transfer, micro-LEDs, in vivo evaluation, rabbit eye, wearable displays
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