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Progress towards biocompatible intracortical microelectrodes for neural interfacing applications
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To ensure long-term consistent neural recordings, next-generation intracortical microelectrodes are being developed with an increased emphasis on reducing the neuro-inflammatory response. The increased emphasis stems from the improved understanding of the multifaceted role that inflammation may play in disrupting both biologic and abiologic components of the overall neural interface circuit. To combat neuro-inflammation and improve recording quality, the field is actively progressing from traditional inorganic materials towards approaches that either minimizes the microelectrode footprint or that incorporate compliant materials, bioactive molecules, conducting polymers or nanomaterials. However, the immune-privileged cortical tissue introduces an added complexity compared to other biomedical applications that remains to be fully understood. This review provides a comprehensive reflection on the current understanding of the key failure modes that may impact intracortical microelectrode performance. In addition, a detailed overview of the current status of various materials-based approaches that have gained interest for neural interfacing applications is presented, and key challenges that remain to be overcome are discussed. Finally, we present our vision on the future directions of materials-based treatments to improve intracortical microelectrodes for neural interfacing.
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“Intracortical microelectrodes, used in applications ranging from recent advances in speech-to-text with ALS patients (Willett et al., 2023), allowing primates to play pong (Play Studio, n.d.) to clinical trials for motor deficit treatments (Gilja et al., 2015) face a decline in recording quality over time (Chestek et al., 2011; Jorfi et al., 2014; Kozai et al., 2015).”
From Comparative analysis of energy transfer mechanisms for neural implants (2024) · cites this paper as Jorfi et al., 2014
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Metadata
- Authors
- Jorfi, M., Skousen, J. L., Weder, C., & Capadona, J. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Fribourg (CH)
- University of Utah (US)
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Capadona, Jeffrey R
- Venue
- Journal of Neural Engineering
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Published
- 2014-12-02
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 011001
- ISSN
- 1741-2552 (ISSN-L)
- 1741-2560
- PMC
- PMC4428498
- OpenAlex
- W2056731994
- Cited by
- 384
- References
- 376
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 11
- FWCI
- 4.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neural Engineering (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (B1495-R, PECASE, B7122R)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (1R01NS082404-01A1)
- Swiss National Science Foundation (NRP 62: Smart Materials, Nr. 406240_126046)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Conducting polymers and applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design
- Keywords
- intracortical microelectrodes, neural interfaces, neuroinflammation, biocompatibility, long-term neural recording, compliant materials, conducting polymers, nanomaterials, bioactive compounds, electrode materials
- MeSH terms
- Action Potentials, Brain, Electrodes, Implanted, Electroencephalography, Equipment Design, Microelectrodes, Neurons, Equipment Failure Analysis, Coated Materials, Biocompatible, Brain-Computer Interfaces
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