The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 4 of the 10 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Thermal conductivity of aerogel blanket insulation under cryogenic-vacuum conditions in different gas environments
Open accessAbstract
Thermal conductivity of low-density materials in thermal insulation systems varies dramatically with the environment: cold vacuum pressure, residual gas composition, and boundary temperatures. Using a reference material of aerogel composite blanket (reinforcement fibers surrounded by silica aerogel), an experimental basis for the physical heat transmission model of aerogel composites and other low-density, porous materials is suggested. Cryogenic-vacuum testing between the boundary temperatures of 78 K and 293 K is performed using a one meter cylindrical, absolute heat flow calorimeter with an aerogel blanket specimen exposed to different gas environments of nitrogen, helium, argon, or CO 2 . Cold vacuum pressures include the full range from 1 × 10 -5 torr to 760 torr. The soft vacuum region, from about 0.1 torr to 10 torr, is complex and difficult to model because all modes of heat transfer – solid conduction, radiation, gas conduction, and convection – are significant contributors to the total heat flow. Therefore, the soft vacuum tests are emphasized for both heat transfer analysis and practical thermal data. Results for the aerogel composite blanket are analyzed and compared to data for its component materials. With the new thermal conductivity data, future applications of aerogel-based insulation systems are also surveyed. These include Mars exploration and surface systems in the 5 torr CO 2 environment, field joints for vacuum-jacketed cryogenic piping systems, common bulkhead panels for cryogenic tanks on space launch vehicles, and liquid hydrogen cryofuel systems with helium purged conduits or enclosures.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This study measured effective thermal conductivity (ke) of Cryogel aerogel composite blanket and its fiber matrix under cryogenic-vacuum conditions (293 K/78 K boundaries) in nitrogen, helium, argon, carbon dioxide, and krypton across cold vacuum pressures from 1×10−5 to 760 torr. The soft-vacuum region was emphasized, and results show strong gas- and pressure-dependent heat transfer, including CO2 adsorption/freeze-out and much worse performance in Mars-like soft vacuum than in high vacuum.
Key findings
- For Cryogel in nitrogen, ke ranged from ~1.5 mW/m-K at high vacuum to 12.3 mW/m-K at 760 torr; table values for A194 were 1.51 (<10−4 torr), 2.21 (0.01), 3.27 (0.1), 5.19 (1), and 12.3 (760). A 2007 Cryogel sample (A112) gave 1.49, 2.10, 2.96, 4.34, and 11.4 mW/m-K at the same CVP points, about 8% lower than 2015 Cryogel.
- Fiber matrix was 82% higher than Cryogel at 760 torr but 29% lower at high vacuum; ambient heat-flow-meter tests at 297 K gave λ = 19.1 mW/m-K for Cryogel (164 kg/m3) and 30.6 mW/m-K for fiber matrix (51 kg/m3), about 60% higher for fiber matrix.
- Gas environment changed behavior: argon and CO2 were below nitrogen up to about 100 millitorr; helium exceeded nitrogen starting at about 50 millitorr. At 760 torr helium increased ke by only 124% (2.2×) versus nitrogen, while gas-only increase would be 538% (6.4×); argon liquefaction increased ke dramatically above 200 torr; CO2 above ~1 torr adsorbed/froze out, with A197 (N→H) at 1 torr = 15.0 mW/m-K versus A199 (H→N) = 5.81 mW/m-K.
- Application example: a 3800-L LO2 tank with 100-mm aerogel blanket boils away in 2 days on Earth; with 40 layers MLI it lasts ~1,400 days in lunar high vacuum; in open Mars environment the aerogel-insulated tank would boil away in 12 hours. Earth and Mars are comparable in heat transmission versus Moon/space high vacuum.
Methods
- Cryostat-100: one-meter cylindrical absolute heat flow calorimeter, guarded top and bottom, LN2 boiloff calorimetry per ASTM C1774 Annex A1; boundary temperatures 293 K and 78 K; CVP from 1×10−5 to 760 torr; gases nitrogen, helium, argon, CO2 (and krypton in conclusion/table). Specimen: Cryogel aerogel composite blanket, two 10-mm layers for 20 mm total, 1-m tall cylindrical; fiber matrix tested in parallel with Cryostat-500 guarded flat plate boiloff calorimeter per ASTM C1774 Annex A3.
- Procedure: evacuate and moderate heat (≤323 K) to <1×10−4 torr, cool and fill with liquid nitrogen, baseline high-vacuum test, then add gas to desired CVP setpoints; residual gas pressure control depended on gas liquefaction/sublimation at mean 186 K. Ambient apparent thermal conductivity measured with heat flux meter per ASTM C518 at 297 K.
Limitations
- Stated: soft vacuum (about 0.1–10 torr) is complex and difficult to model because solid conduction, radiation, gas conduction, and convection all contribute; few models address aerogel composites within a fiber matrix. The 5 torr CO2 point was about the limit of Cryostat-100 heat flow measurement capability, and only the cold gas-filling technique is covered in this report (warm filling was also done but not reported).
- Evident: results focus on one commercial aerogel blanket (Cryogel) and its fiber matrix from a single lot, so generalization to other aerogel composites or production lots is limited; the CO2 N→H curve shows chaotic transitional heat transfer and measurement limits near 50 millitorr/1 torr.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
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Claims the paper makes
4 of 10 cited sources checked · 1 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured
- Interpretationcitation
In an example case of a 3800-liter liquid oxygen (LO2) tank with a 100-mm thickness of aerogel blanket for insulation, the liquid is boiled away in only 2 days on Earth.
“In an example case of a 3800-liter liquid oxygen (LO2) tank with a 100-mm thickness of aerogel blanket for insulation, the liquid is boiled away in only 2 days on Earth [12].”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked- cites [12] Fesmire J, 2016, Energy considerations and calculations for cryogenic propellant storage on the Moon and Mars Living off the Land in Space Seminar source
The Example test results and discussion (p. 7) describe a 10-day liquid-nitrogen calorimeter test, not the claimed liquid-oxygen tank example. Searches for the 3800-liter tank, 100-mm aerogel blanket, and two-day boiloff found no passage in our copy addressing that scenario. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
- Interpretationcitation
The same tank of LO2, insulated with 40 layers of foil/paper multilayer insulation (MLI), will last for about 1,400 days in high vacuum environment of the Lunar surface.
“The same tank of LO2, insulated with the industry standard 40 layers of foil/paper multilayer insulation (MLI), will last for about 1,400 days in high vacuum environment of the Lunar surface.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked- cites [12] Fesmire J, 2016, Energy considerations and calculations for cryogenic propellant storage on the Moon and Mars Living off the Land in Space Seminar source
The Example test results and discussion (p. 7) describe high-vacuum tests of 60-layer and 10-layer MLI specimens, not a 40-layer foil/paper-insulated LO2 tank. Searches for the 1,400-day lifetime and lunar tank conditions found no passage in our copy estimating that tank’s longevity. (LLM, conf=0.75)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
- Findingown data
Cryogel (density 164 kg/m3) has an apparent thermal conductivity (λ) of 19.1 mW/m-K in air at a mean temperature of 297 K.
“• Cryogel (density of 164 kg/m 3 ): apparent thermal conductivity (λ) of 19.1 mW/m-K (thermal resistance of 0.526 m 2 -K/W).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingnone given
Comparison between 2007 Cryogel and 2015 Cryogel shows a slight increase in ke of about 8% between production periods.
“Comparison between 2007 Cryogel and 2015 Cryogel show a slight increase in ke of about 8% between these production periods.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Fiber Matrix (density 51 kg/m3) has an apparent thermal conductivity (λ) of 30.6 mW/m-K in air at a mean temperature of 297 K.
“• Fiber Matrix (density of 51 kg/m 3 ): apparent thermal conductivity (λ) of 30.6 mW/m-K (thermal resistance of 0.327 m 2 -K/W).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
- Findingown data
The fiber matrix has about 60% higher thermal conductivity compared to the aerogel blanket.
“While the fiber matrix itself is a quite effective thermal insulation material, these results show that it is about 60% higher thermal conductivity compared to the aerogel blanket.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
With nitrogen gas as the baseline, the effective thermal conductivity (ke) of Cryogel ranges from approximately 1.5 mW/m-K at high vacuum to 12.3 mW/m-K at ambient pressure.
“With nitrogen gas as the baseline, the ke of Cryogel ranges from approximately 1.5 mW/m-K at high vacuum (approaching the ideal performance high-density perlite powder in bulk-fill applications) to 12.3 mW/m-K at ambient pressure (about half the thermal conductivity of polyurethane foams).”
- Also stated in: § 6. Conclusion · plain
“With nitrogen gas as the baseline, the ke of Cryogel ranges from approximately 1.5 mW/m-K at high vacuum (approaching the ideal performance high-density perlite powder in bulk-fill applications) to 12.3 mW/m-K at ambient pressure (about half the thermal conductivity of polyurethane foams).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Also stated in: § 6. Conclusion · plain
- Findingreasoning
At high vacuum, the fiber matrix is 29% lower than Cryogel.
“Conversely, the fiber matrix is 29% lower at high vacuum where gas conduction and convection are not factors.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Cryogel (density 164 kg/m3) has a thermal resistance of 0.526 m2-K/W in air at a mean temperature of 297 K.
“• Cryogel (density of 164 kg/m 3 ): apparent thermal conductivity (λ) of 19.1 mW/m-K (thermal resistance of 0.526 m 2 -K/W).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
The helium line trends above the nitrogen line starting at about 50 millitorr.
“The helium line trends above the nitrogen line starting at about 50 millitorr which corresponds to the typical transition from free molecular to continuum gas conduction.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Fiber Matrix (density 51 kg/m3) has a thermal resistance of 0.327 m2-K/W in air at a mean temperature of 297 K.
“• Fiber Matrix (density of 51 kg/m 3 ): apparent thermal conductivity (λ) of 30.6 mW/m-K (thermal resistance of 0.327 m 2 -K/W).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
At 760 torr, helium increases ke by only 124% (2.2x) compared to Cryogel in nitrogen.
“Helium observations at 760 torr show that ke increases by only 124% (2.2x) compared to Cryogel in nitrogen while the corresponding increase for the gases only would be 538% (6.4x).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingnone given
Argon observations show that liquefaction dramatically increases above 200 torr.
“Argon observations show that liquefaction dramatically increases above 200 torr.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
CO2 was found to predominately load into the material on the cold side at CVP above 1 torr, particularly when approached from the No-Vacuum direction.
“The CO2 was found to predominately load into the material on the cold side at CVP above 1 torr, particularly when approached from the No-Vacuum direction.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
At 760 torr CVP, the fiber matrix is 82% higher than Cryogel.
“Comparing ke at 760 torr CVP, the fiber matrix is 82% higher than the Cryogel.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
The gases argon and CO2 are below the nitrogen gas baseline up to about 100 millitorr CVP.
“The gases argon and CO2 are seen to be below the nitrogen gas baseline up to about 100 millitorr CVP.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Premisenone given
The corresponding increase for the gases only would be 538% (6.4x).
“Helium observations at 760 torr show that ke increases by only 124% (2.2x) compared to Cryogel in nitrogen while the corresponding increase for the gases only would be 538% (6.4x).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Interpretationown data
CO2 results above about 1 torr show that aerogel blanket material can make a powerful adsorber of solid CO2 within the nanoporous structures.
“CO2 results above about 1 torr show that aerogel blanket material can make a powerful adsorber of solid CO2 within the nanoporous structures (as shown by the curve A197 proceeding from the No-Vacuum case).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Interpretationown data
An aerogel composite blanket, when employed as a cryogenic thermal insulator, will adsorb and freeze-out carbon dioxide in a partial pressure environment such as the 5 torr ambient environment of Mars.
“The current findings show that an aerogel composite blanket, when employed as a cryogenic thermal insulator, will adsorb and freeze-out carbon dioxide in a partial pressure environment such as the 5 torr ambient environment of Mars.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: The Mars surface ambient environment has a CO2 partial pressure of about 5 torr.
- Premisecitation
Few research efforts have developed analytical approaches and models to heat transfer in aerogels that address composites of aerogels within a fiber matrix.
“Although many research efforts have developed analytical approaches and models to heat transfer in aerogels, few have addressed composites of aerogels within a fiber matrix [5].”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [5] Zhao J, 2012, J. Non-Crystalline Solids source
- Interpretationown data
Comparison between Cryogel and fiber matrix shows the dramatic effect of heat transmission from continuum range to convective (ambient pressure).
“Comparison between Cryogel and fiber matrix shows the dramatic effect of the heat transmission from continuum range to convective (ambient pressure).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationnone given
The Mars and Earth environments are comparable, in the heat transmission sense, compared to the vastly different high vacuum environment of the Moon (or space in general).
“The Mars and Earth environments are comparable, in the heat transmission sense, compared to the vastly different high vacuum environment of the Moon (or space in general).”
- Also stated in: § 6. Conclusion · boosted
“The Earth and Mars environments are shown to be comparable, in the heat transmission sense, in comparison to the high vacuum environment of the Moon (or space in general).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: The Mars surface ambient environment has a CO2 partial pressure of about 5 torr.
- Also stated in: § 6. Conclusion · boosted
- Interpretationreasoning
The situation does not improve appreciably, for any typical thermal insulation material in any reasonable construction thickness, in the soft vacuum environment.
“The situation does not improve appreciably, for any typical thermal insulation material in any reasonable construction thickness, in the soft vacuum environment.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationcitation
This recognition runs counter to past assumptions in determining the central electrical power requirement for future missions-the cryogenic refrigeration plant-that rely on MLI systems with q of 1 W/m2 (ke of around 1 mW/m-K) that are far from the reality of soft vacuum.
“This recognition runs counter to past assumptions in determining the central electrical power requirement for future missions -the cryogenic refrigeration plant -that rely on MLI systems with q of 1 W/m 2 (ke of around 1 mW/m-K) that are far from the reality of soft vacuum [13].”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [13] Ash R, 1978, Feasibility of rocket propellant production on Mars Acta Astronautica source
- Interpretationreasoning
The resulting heat leak is even worse than the case of the 760 torr air environment (Earth surface).
“The resulting heat leak is even worse than the case of the 760 torr air environment (Earth surface).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationown data
The unusual curve for A197 attests to chaotic transitional heat transfer occurring at around 50 millitorr, the transition from free molecular to continuum gas conduction.
“The unusual curve for A197 attests to the chaotic transitional heat transfer occurring at around 50 millitorr, the transition from free molecular to continuum gas conduction.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Interpretationreasoning
Applying the new data shows that the example tank full of LO2, when located in the open Mars environment, would be boiled away in a mere 12 hours.
“Applying the new data shows that the example tank full of LO2, when located in the open Mars environment, would be boiled away in a mere 12 hours.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim- Rests on an assumption: The Mars surface ambient environment has a CO2 partial pressure of about 5 torr.
- Premisecitation
The soft vacuum region, from about 0.1 torr to 10 torr, is complex and difficult to model because all modes of heat transfer-solid conduction, radiation, gas conduction, and convection-can be significant contributors to the total heat flow.
“The soft vacuum region, from about 0.1 torr to 10 torr, is complex and difficult to model because all modes of heat transfer -solid conduction, radiation, gas conduction, and convection -are significant contributors to the total heat flow.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
- Probably not a substantial claim. 7
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
Study design and conductcitationThe Cryostat-100 apparatus is guarded on top and bottom for absolute thermal performance measurement.
“This apparatus is guarded on top and bottom for absolute thermal performance measurement [6].”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked- cites [6] Fesmire J, 2015, IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science & Engineering source
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
PremisecitationGeisler et al. show two different gas-filling processes, warm filling and cold filling, based on mass metering of a specific quantity of gas.
“Similarly, in other cryogenic condensation-evacuated thermal insulation test measurements, Geisler et.al show two different gas-filling processes, warm filling and cold filling, but based on mass metering of a specific quantity of gas [8].”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked- cites [8] source
The Experimental Technique and Method II sections describe two procedures: CO₂ is introduced after the specimen is cooled in Method I, and before cooling in Method II. They specify defined gas quantities, and the Discussion compares injections of 2.5 g CO₂. However, the Experimental Technique describes injection of a defined volume, not mass metering, so the claimed metering method is not established. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
Study design and conductnone givenThe 5 torr point was about the limit of the heat flow measurement capability of the Cryostat-100.
“A different result was obtained when starting at High-Vacuum and proceeding toward soft vacuum, but the 5 torr point was about the limit of the heat flow measurement capability of the Cryostat-100.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim.
Study design and conductnone givenDefining and careful execution of the gas-filling approach was critical to the thermal conductivity results obtained.
“Defining and careful execution of the gas-filling approach was critical to the thermal conductivity results obtained, as previously discussed.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
Study design and conductcitationThe principle of heat rate measurement for Cryostat-100 is based on LN2 boiloff calorimetry, following the guidelines of ASTM C1774, Annex A1.
“The principle of heat rate measurement for Cryostat-100 is based on LN2 boiloff calorimetry, following the guidelines of ASTM C1774, Annex A1.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites ASTM C1774, Annex A1
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
PremisecitationThermal conductivity of solid CO2 at a mean temperature of 186 K is 500 mW/m-K.
“Thermal conductivity of solid CO2 at a mean temperature of 186 K is 500 mW/m-K [7].”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [7] Manzhelii V, 1999, Structure and Thermodynamic Properties of Cryocrystals Handbook
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Premisenone givenThe soft vacuum pressure is roughly six orders of magnitude greater than the high vacuum level required for MLI systems.
“The soft vacuum pressure is roughly six orders of magnitude greater than the high vacuum level required for MLI systems.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
The paper relies on this without support.
Thermal conductivity of low-density materials in thermal insulation systems varies dramatically with cold vacuum pressure, residual gas composition, and boundary temperatures.
“Thermal conductivity of low-density materials in thermal insulation systems varies dramatically with the environment: cold vacuum pressure, residual gas composition, and boundary temperatures.”
“Thermal conductivity of low-density materials in thermal insulation systems varies dramatically with the environment: cold vacuum pressure, residual gas composition, and boundary temperatures.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The transition from free molecular to continuum gas conduction typically occurs at about 50 millitorr.
“The helium line trends above the nitrogen line starting at about 50 millitorr which corresponds to the typical transition from free molecular to continuum gas conduction.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The Mars surface ambient environment has a CO2 partial pressure of about 5 torr.
“These include Mars exploration and surface systems in the 5 torr CO2 environment, field joints for vacuum-jacketed cryogenic piping systems, common bulkhead panels”
“such as the 5 torr ambient environment of Mars”
The paper relies on this without support.
The availability of thermal data for certain conditions is often scarce.
“The availability of thermal data for certain conditions is often scarce and underscores the need to understand heat transmission through complex composite materials with its nano-sized internal pore structure surrounding a network of microfibers.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The standard ASTM C740 is followed as applicable for MLI systems.
“In addition, the standard ASTM C740 is followed as applicable for MLI systems [11].”
From Aerogel-Based Insulation Materials for Cryogenic Applications (2019) · cites this paper as [11]
The experimental-methods passages describe testing aerogel blankets under ASTM C1774 and ASTM C518, not following ASTM C740. The Applications section mentions MLI systems but does not address a testing standard for them. Searches for ASTM C740 and a standard followed for MLI found no supporting passage in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.75)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
One CO2 series exceeds the nitrogen baseline below 100 millitorr
MinorThe statement does not hold for the CO2 No-Vacuum-to-High-Vacuum series in Table 3: its conductivities at 0.01 and 0.1 torr are 2.50 and 3.79 mW/m-K, respectively, versus 2.21 and 3.27 for the nitrogen baseline.
“The gases argon and CO2 are seen to be below the nitrogen gas baseline up to about 100 millitorr CVP.”
“| A194 Cryogel in Nitrogen | 1.51 | 2.21 | 3.27 | 5.19 | 12.3 | | A196 Cryogel in Argon | 1.06 | 1.70 | 2.41 | 4.10 | 18.8 † | | A197 Cryogel in CO2 (N › H) | --- | 2.50 | 3.79 | 15.0 † | --- |”
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Self-citationLow-Temperature Thermal Conductivity Test of Aerogels Under the Full-Pressure Range
Xu, X., Zheng, J., Xu, H., Chen, L., & Wang, J. (2023) · Advanced topics in science and technology in China · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-6128-3_127 · Cited by 1
Cryo-Adsorbed Hydrogen Storage Using Aerogel Blankets: Optimizing Modular Storage Systems
Otto, M., Khlyapov, Y., Fernández, E., Kapat, J. S., Blair, R. G., Swanger, A. M., & Schmitt, J. M. (2024) · AIAA SciTech Forum · doi:10.2514/6.2024-0101 · Cited by 1
Self-citationMacroflash boiloff calorimetry instrument for the measurement of heat transmission through materials
Fesmire, J. E., Bateman, C. D., & Thomas, J. L. (2020) · IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering · doi:10.1088/1757-899x/756/1/012008 · Cited by 1
Self-citationSwanger, A. M., Hughes, R. W., & Nacif, M. A. G. (2025) · IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering · doi:10.1088/1757-899x/1327/1/012218
Self-citationHuang, J., Qian, J.-Y., Chai, Y., Chen, X., Shen, H., & Yang, R. (2026) · Energy Storage Materials · doi:10.1016/j.ensm.2026.105109 · Cited by 1
Measurement of Apparent Thermal Conductivity of Insulation Materials at Cryogenic Temperatures
Zhang, Z., Tian, Y., Yang, B., Xi, X., Gao, Z., Ji, W., Chen, L., & Wang, J. (2026) · IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering · doi:10.1088/1757-899x/1344/1/012146
Integration of Aerogel Cryogenic Insulation with Carbon Fiber Composites for Hydrogen Storage
Fang, K., Yuan, S., Xue, J., Xu, C., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., & Tang, Y. (2026) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym18202584
Metadata
- Authors
- Fesmire, J. E., Ancipink, J. B., Swanger, A. M., White, S., & Yarbrough, D.
- Affiliations
- Kennedy Space Center (US)
- Aspen Aerogels (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fesmire, J E
- Venue
- IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Published
- 2017-12
- Volume
- 278
- Pages
- 012198
- ISSN
- 1757-8981 (ISSN-L)
- 1757-899X
- OpenAlex
- W2775945319
- Cited by
- 18
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 3.73
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Aerogels and thermal insulation
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Thermal properties of materials
- Keywords
- thermal conductivity, silica aerogel, low-density porous materials, residual gas composition, gas conduction, radiation heat transfer, Mars exploration
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