Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness-Based Therapy for Dyspnea in Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) suffer from significant dyspnea and may benefit from complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies aimed at mitigating symptoms. The objective of this study was to test the efficacy of a mindfulness-based breathing therapy (MBBT) on improving symptoms and health-related quality of life in those with COPD. DESIGN: We conducted a randomized controlled trial of 8-week mindfulness-based breathing therapy (MBBT) compared to support groups to test efficacy on improving symptoms and health-related quality of life in those with COPD. SETTING: The setting for this study was an academic-affiliated veterans healthcare system. SUBJECTS: The subjects consisted of 86 patients with COPD. INTERVENTIONS: MBBT included weekly meetings practicing mindfulness mediation and relaxation response. OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measure was a post 6-minute-walk test (6MWT) Borg dyspnea assessment. Other outcome measures included health-related quality of life measures, 6MWT distance, symptom scores, exacerbation rates, and measures of stress and mindfulness. Analysis of covariance compared differences in outcomes between groups; paired t test evaluated changes within groups. RESULTS: Participants were predominantly elderly men with moderate to severe COPD. We found no improvements in dyspnea (post 6MWT Borg difference between the MBBT and support group was 0.3 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.1, 1.7). We found no differences between groups in almost all other outcome measures by either intention-to-treat analysis or within the subset that completed assigned group sessions. For the physical summary scale of the generic Short Form-36 for Veterans, the difference between outcomes favored the support group (4.3, 95% CI: 0.4, 8.1). Participant retention was low compared to mind-body trials that randomize from CAM wait lists. CONCLUSIONS: This trial found no measurable improvements in patients with COPD receiving a mindfulness-based breathing CAM therapy compared to a support group, suggesting that this intervention is unlikely to be an important therapeutic option for those with moderate-to-severe COPD.
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Compared with a support group, mindfulness-based breathing therapy produced no significant improvement in exacerbation rates, health-related quality of life, mindfulness, 6-minute walk test distance, dyspnoea, stress or symptom scores in patients with COPD.
“However, compared with the support group, no significant improvement has been observed in exacerbation rates of the randomised controlled trial (RCT), the health-related quality of life measures, mindfulness, 6-minute walk test (6MWT) distance, dyspnoea, stress or symptom scores for patients with COPD after receiving mindfulness-based breathing therapy.35”
From The efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions for patients with COPD: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol (2019) · cites this paper as [35]
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“However, compared with the support group, no significant improvement has been observed in exacerbation rates of the randomised controlled trial (RCT), the health-related quality of life measures, mindfulness, 6-minute walk test (6MWT) distance, dyspnoea, stress or symptom scores for patients with COPD after receiving…”
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- Authors
- Mularski, R. A., Munjas, B. A., Lorenz, K. A., Sun, S., Robertson, S. J., Schmelzer, W., Kim, A. C., & Shekelle, P. G.
- Affiliations
- Kaiser Permanente (US)
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mularski, Richard A.
- Venue
- The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2009-10
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1083-1090
- ISSN
- 1075-5535 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-7708
- OpenAlex
- W2090807455
- Cited by
- 92
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 3.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Samueli Institute
- Health Services Research and Development
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Keywords
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, dyspnea, mindfulness meditation, relaxation response, complementary and alternative medicine, health-related quality of life, support groups, veterans, 6-minute walk test
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analysis of Variance, Breathing Exercises, Dyspnea, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, Relaxation Therapy, Severity of Illness Index, Stress, Psychological, Walking, Meditation, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, Intention to Treat Analysis
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