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‘Masking is life’: experiences of masking in autistic and nonautistic adults

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Miller, Danielle, Rees, Jon, Pearson, Amy·2021·Autism in Adulthood

DOI 10.1089/aut.2020.0083PMC PMC8992921

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Abstract

Background: Autistic masking is an emerging research area, and so far, research has suggested that masking has a negative effect on autistic people. Masking relates to general social practices (such as identity management) and is often driven by stigma avoidance. Many nonautistic people also experience stigma that might drive them to suppress aspects of their identity. In this study, we investigate similarities and differences in experiences of masking in autistic and nonautistic people. Methods: = 45) recruited via social media. We used thematic analysis to analyze responses to open-ended items about masking, using an inductive approach, at a semantic level, with a critical realist paradigm. Results: Thematic analysis revealed that some aspects of masking are shared across autistic and nonautistic people, such as utilizing mimicry of others as a social strategy or feeling exhausted from masking. All groups reported that masking made them feel disconnected from their true sense of identity and had a negative effect on them. Other aspects of masking seemed more specific to autistic people, such as sensory suppression, and masking leading to suicidal ideation. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that many aspects of masking are experienced across different neurotypes and are likely related to outside perceptions of difference and stigma. It is likely that what we call "autistic masking" is similar to other forms of stigma management previously theorized. Some aspects of masking do seem more specific to the autistic neurotype (e.g., suppression of stimming) and should be explored further to provide support for autistic people recovering from the negative impact of masking. Lay summary: ADHD as these things might affect their experiences.

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Authors: Miller, D., Rees, J., & Pearson, A.
Affiliations: University of Sunderland (GB)
Corresponding author: Pearson, Amy
ORCID: Miller, Danielle
Rees, Jon
Pearson, Amy
Venue: Autism in Adulthood
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2021-12-01
Volume: 3
Issue: 4
Pages: 330-338
ISSN: 2573-9581 (ISSN-L)
2573-959X
DOI: 10.1089/aut.2020.0083
PMC: PMC8992921
OpenAlex: W3162613655
Semantic Scholar: c199b3633b8dca595fb91b60bc84f77978b99a14
Cited by: 321
References: 43
Citations by year: 2026: 94 · 2025: 87 · 2024: 71 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 2
FWCI: 18.41
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
doi.org
Licence: public-domain
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Autism in Adulthood (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Sunderland Repository (University of Sunderland) (acceptedVersion)
Durham Research Online (Durham University) (submittedVersion)
OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Disability Rights and Representation
Social Sciences › Education › Inclusion and Disability in Education and Sport
Keywords: autism spectrum disorder, stigma management, identity management, mimicry, sensory suppression, stimming, suicidal ideation, neurodiversity, stigma avoidance, autistic adults

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‘Masking is life’: experiences of masking in autistic and nonautistic adults

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