Retracted: A School-Based, Peer-Led, Social Marketing Intervention To Engage Spanish Adolescents in a Healthy Lifestyle (“We Are Cool”—Som la Pera Study): A Parallel-Cluster Randomized Controlled Study
Abstract
Childhood Obesity is officially retracting the article entitled, ‘‘A School-Based, Peer-Led, Social Marketing Intervention to Engage Spanish Adolescents in a Healthy Lifestyle (‘‘We Are Cool’’—Som la Pera Study): A Parallel Cluster Randomized Controlled Study,’’ by Aceves-Martins M, Llauradó E, Tarro L, et al. [Child Obes 2017;13:300–313; doi: 10.1089/chi.2016.0216], due to discovered inaccuracies in the p values, which lead to the determination that the results were irreproducible. Almost three years after the publication of the original article by Aceves-Martins M, et al. the Editor of Childhood Obesity received and published a Commentary from Golzarri-Aorryo et al.,1 (Indiana University, Bloomington, IN; USA) along with a response2 from the authors of the original paper. The commentary by Golzarri-Aorryo et al., raised concerns about an ‘‘unexplained deviation from the prespecified analytic plan,’’ and went on to say that ‘‘the authors do not specify whether (and, if so, how) clustering and nesting were taken into account in any of these analyses.’’ Aceves-Martins et al., responded, in part, saying ‘‘…other alternative approaches might have been used, like multilevel analysis…but since the [intracluster correlation coefficient] was negligible, and given the scope of this study, such approaches were not considered.’’ Voluminous correspondence took place between both parties through the Editor of Childhood Obesity which ultimately led to Aceves-Martins et al., to conclude, ‘‘We are concerned that the outcome for change from baseline to end could be coded incorrectly for how it is interpreted. And we are therefore unable to perform the appropriate re-analysis on the data adjusted for cluster when we cannot first match the sample sizes (n)…’’ At the conclusion of this protracted process, the Aceves-Martins, et al., team agreed with the Editor of Childhood Obesity that the article should be officially retracted. It is important to note that the Editor of Childhood Obesity has invited the Aceves-Martin team to submit their updated work on this study to be submitted to the journal as a new manuscript for peer review. The two published commentaries will remain in the literature but will contain links to the official retraction notice. Childhood Obesity is committed to upholding the scientific record and the community it serves. References 1. Golzarri-Arroyo L, Oakes JM, Brown AW, Allison DB. Incorrect analyses of cluster-randomized trials that do not take clustering and nesting into account likely lead to p-values that are too small. Child Obes 2020;16:65–66. 2. Aceves-Martins M, Llauradó E, Tarro L, et al. Response to: Comment about statistical analysis of a cluster-randomized trial about clustering and nesting. Child Obes 2020;16:67–69.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the Aceves-Martins et al. 2017 school-based cRCT, the analysis did not take clustering into account.
“As an illustration, in a school-based cRCT published in 2017 by Aceves-Martins et al. [20], we detected that the analysis did not take clustering into account [6].”
In the Aceves-Martins et al. study, four high schools were randomly assigned to either a peer-led healthy lifestyle intervention or the control group, producing two clusters per condition.
“In that study, a total of four high schools were randomly assigned to either a peer-led healthy lifestyle intervention or the control group, thus producing two clusters per condition [20].”
Cites
Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey
Cole, T. J. (2000) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.320.7244.1240 · Cited by 16,500 · see citing works
Ng, M., Fleming, T., Robinson, M., Thomson, B., Graetz, N., Margono, C., Mullany, E. C., Biryukov, S., Abbafati, C., Abera, S. F., et al. (2014) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)60460-8 · Cited by 11,952 · see citing works
Janssen, I., & LeBlanc, A. G. (2010) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-7-40 · Cited by 4,829 · see citing works
A social neuroscience perspective on adolescent risk-taking
Steinberg, L. (2008) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2007.08.002 · Cited by 3,644 · see citing works
<b>Amelia</b> II: A Program for Missing Data
Honaker, J., King, G., & Blackwell, M. (2011) · Journal of Statistical Software · doi:10.18637/jss.v045.i07 · Cited by 2,552 · see citing works
Poitras, V. J., Gray, C. E., Borghese, M. M., Carson, V., Chaput, J.-P., Janssen, I., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Pate, R. R., Connor Gorber, S., Kho, M. E., et al. (2016) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2015-0663 · Cited by 2,217 · cited 1× · see citing works
“54–56 Furthermore, maintaining the internationally recommended amount of PA (hours and intensity) from youth into adult-hood can enable the long-term maintenance of lower rates of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality.”
Currie, C. E., Molcho, M., Boyce, W., Holstein, B. E., Torsheim, T., & Richter, M. (2008) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.11.024 · Cited by 1,637 · see citing works
Age differences in resistance to peer influence.
Steinberg, L. D., & Monahan, K. C. (2007) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.43.6.1531 · Cited by 1,625 · see citing works
Wang, X., Ouyang, Y., Liu, J., Zhu, M., Zhao, G., Bao, W., & Hu, F. B. (2014) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.g4490 · Cited by 1,596 · see citing works
Marketing Social Marketing in the Social Change Marketplace
Andreasen, A. R. (2002) · Journal of Public Policy & Marketing · doi:10.1509/jppm.21.1.3.17602 · Cited by 987 · see citing works
Social Marketing: Its Definition and Domain
Andreasen, A. R. (1994) · Journal of Public Policy & Marketing · doi:10.1177/074391569401300109 · Cited by 864 · see citing works
Wang, Y., & Lim, H. (2012) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/09540261.2012.688195 · Cited by 753 · see citing works
Sedentary behaviour and obesity development in children and adolescents
Rey-López, J. P., Vicente‐Rodríguez, G., Biosca, M., & Moreno, L. A. (2007) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2007.07.008 · Cited by 573 · see citing works
Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention: Solving the Weight of the Nation
Jelalian, E., & McCullough, M. B. (2012) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/1559827612458633 · Cited by 547 · see citing works
Friends: The Role of Peer Influence Across Adolescent Risk Behaviors
Maxwell, K. A. (2002) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1023/a:1015493316865 · Cited by 515 · see citing works
Children as Consumers: Advertising and Marketing
Calvert, S. L. (2008) · The Future of Children · doi:10.1353/foc.0.0001 · Cited by 480 · see citing works
Booth, M. L., Okely, A. D., Chey, T., & Bauman, A. E. (2001) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsm.35.4.263 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Peer-led and adult-led school health education: a critical review of available comparative research
Mellanby, A. R. (2000) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/15.5.533 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
CONSORT Revised—Improving the Reporting of Randomized Trials
Rennie, D. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.285.15.2006 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Vereecken, C. A., & Maes, L. (2003) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1079/phn2003466 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
MacArthur, G. J., Harrison, S., Caldwell, D. M., Hickman, M., & Campbell, R. (2016) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.13224 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Grow, H. M., & Rivara, F. P. (2006) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-3-1 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Stock, S., Miranda, C., Evans, S., Plessis, S., Ridley, J., Yeh, S., & Chanoine, J. (2007) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2006-3003 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Moreno, L. A., Gottrand, F., Huybrechts, I., Ruiz, J. R., González‐Gross, M., & DeHenauw, S. (2014) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.3945/an.113.005678 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Childhood dietary patterns and later obesity: a review of the evidence
Ambrosini, G. L. (2013) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1017/s0029665113003765 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
The Rise and Rise of Peer Education Approaches
Parkin, N. M. S. (2000) · Drugs Education Prevention and Policy · doi:10.1080/09687630050109961 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Lefebvre, R. C. (2013) · SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781446286302 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Health Promotion in Adolescents: A Review of Pender’s Health Promotion Model
Srof, B. J., & Velsor‐Friedrich, B. (2006) · Nursing Science Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0894318406292831 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Why do boys eat less fruit and vegetables than girls?
Bere, E. T., Brug, J., & Klepp, K. (2007) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980007000729 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
“No more a child, not yet an adult”: studying social cognition in adolescence
Brizio, A., Gabbatore, I., Tirassa, M., & Bosco, F. M. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01011 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Boudreau, B., & Poulin, C. (2008) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-008-9334-4 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Bobáková, D. F., Hamřík, Z., Baďura, P., Sigmundová, D., Nałęcz, H., & Kalman, M. (2014) · International Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/s00038-014-0628-9 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Schnohr, C., Kreiner, S., Due, E., Currie, C. E., Boyce, W., & Diderichsen, F. (2007) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-007-9221-4 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Scharoun-Lee, M., Kaufman, J. S., Popkin, B. M., & Gordon-Larsen, P. (2008) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.2008.075721 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Aceves‐Martins, M., Llauradó, E., Tarro, L., Moreno‐García, C. F., Escobar, T. G. T., Solà, R., & Giralt, M. (2016) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuw004 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationLessons from a peer-led obesity prevention programme in English schools
Bell, S. L., Audrey, S., Cooper, A. R., Noble, S., & Campbell, R. M. (2014) · Health Promotion International · doi:10.1093/heapro/dau008 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Li, J., & Caballero, B. H. (2008) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2008.10.009 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Llauradó, E., Aceves‐Martins, M., Tarro, L., Papell-Garcia, I., Puiggròs, F., Arola, L., Prades‐Tena, J., Montagut, M., Fernández, C. M. M., Solà, R., et al. (2015) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1920-1 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationPatrón socioeconómico en la alimentación no saludable en niños y adolescentes en España
Miqueléiz, E., Lostao, L., Ortega, P., Santos, J. M., Astasio, P., & Regidor, E. (2014) · Atención Primaria · doi:10.1016/j.aprim.2013.05.010 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Tarro, L., Llauradó, E., Moriña, D., Solà, R., & Giralt, M. (2014) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.06.020 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationChildhood Obesity and the Right to Health.
Cathaoir, K. Ó. (2016) · PubMed · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 43 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Neil‐Sztramko, S., Caldwell, H. A. T., & Dobbins, M. (2021) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007651.pub3 · Cited by 494 · see citing works
Freire, K., Pope, R., Jeffrey, K., Andrews, K., Nott, M. T., & Bowman, T. (2022) · Adolescent Research Review · doi:10.1007/s40894-022-00181-w · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Tarro, L., Llauradó, E., Ulldemolins, G., Hermoso, P., & Solà, R. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17061901 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Self-citationSmith, C. W., Goss, H. R., Issartel, J., & Belton, S. (2021) · Children · doi:10.3390/children8030176 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
McHale, F., Ng, K., Taylor, S. L., Bengoechea, E. G., Norton, C., O'Shea, D. B., & Woods, C. B. (2021) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/10901981211044988 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Mandoh, M., Redfern, J., Mihrshahi, S., Cheng, H. L., Phongsavan, P., & Partridge, S. R. (2021) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.789535 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Christensen, J. H., Elsborg, P., Melby, P. S., Nielsen, G., & Bentsen, P. (2020) · Youth & Society · doi:10.1177/0044118x20901735 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Pennucci, F., Rosis, S. D., Murante, A. M., & Nuti, S. (2019) · Behavioural Public Policy · doi:10.1017/bpp.2019.19 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Involving young people in health promotion, research and policy-making: practical recommendations
Aceves‐Martins, M., Aleman-Diaz, A., Giralt, M., & Solà, R. (2018) · International Journal for Quality in Health Care · doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzy113 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationCalvert, S., Dempsey, R. C., & Povey, R. (2019) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12797 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Ayala, A. M. C., Parker, K. E., Mazzoli, E., Lander, N., Ridgers, N. D., Timperio, A. F., Lubans, D. R., Abbott, G., Koorts, H., & Salmon, J. (2024) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-024-00688-7 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Rose, K., O'Malley, C., Eskandari, F., Lake, A. A., Brown, L., & Ells, L. J. (2021) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13186 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Segmenting Adolescents Around Social Influences on Their Eating Behavior: Findings From Italy
Rosis, S. D., Pennucci, F., & Seghieri, C. (2019) · Social Marketing Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1524500419882059 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Tarro, L., Llauradó, E., Aceves‐Martins, M., Moriña, D., Papell-Garcia, I., Arola, L., Giralt, M., & Solà, R. (2019) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech-2017-210163 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationImpact and cost of the peer-led Students As LifeStyle Activists programme in high schools
Shrewsbury, V. A., Venchiarutti, R. L., Hardy, L. L., Foley, B. C., Bonnefin, A., Byth, K., Hayes, A., Flood, V. M., Steinbeck, K. S., Baur, L. A., et al. (2019) · Health Education Journal · doi:10.1177/0017896919856050 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Nutritional Counseling for Obese Children with Obesity-Related Metabolic Abnormalities in Korea
Kang, K. S. (2017) · Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology & Nutrition · doi:10.5223/pghn.2017.20.2.71 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Golzarri-Arroyo, L., Oakes, J. M., Brown, A. W., & Allison, D. B. (2020) · Childhood Obesity · doi:10.1089/chi.2019.0142 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Aceves‐Martins, M., Llauradó, E., Tarro, L., Papell-Garcia, I., Prades‐Tena, J., Kettner-Høeberg, H., Puiggròs, F., Arola, L., Davies, A., Giralt, M., et al. (2022) · Childhood Obesity · doi:10.1089/chi.2021.0207 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationLlauradó, E., Aceves‐Martins, M., Tarro, L., Papell-Garcia, I., Puiggròs, F., Prades‐Tena, J., Kettner-Høeberg, H., Arola, L., Giralt, M., & Solà, R. (2018) · Translational Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/tbm/ibx065 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationGolzarri-Arroyo, L., Dickinson, S. L., Jamshidi-Naeini, Y., Zoh, R. S., Brown, A. W., Owora, A. H., Li, P., Oakes, J. M., & Allison, D. B. (2022) · Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.106654 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Tarro, L., Aceves‐Martins, M., Papell-Garcia, I., Arola, L., Giralt, M., Llauradó, E., & Solà, R. (2017) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph14080923 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationKhanna, A. S., Goodreau, S. M., Michaels, S., & Schneider, J. A. (2018) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/11652 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Vondung, C., Demetriou, Y., Reimers, A. K., Schlund, A., & Bucksch, J. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17145231 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Damayanti, M. R., Sudira, P. G., & Nopriani, N. L. P. (2020) · Enfermería Clínica · doi:10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.07.019 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Translating Knowledge and Implementing a Successful Lifestyle Medicine Center
Mechanick, J. I., & Kushner, R. F. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-48088-2_3 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Effect of Peer Education on Physical Activity and Nutrition among Iranian Adolescents
Damghanian, A., Sharietpanahi, G., Khieltash, A., & Barahimi, H. (2019) · Asian Journal of Social Health and Behavior · doi:10.4103/shb.shb_8_19 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Aceves‐Martins, M., Llauradó, E., Tarro, L., Moriña, D., Papell-Garcia, I., Prades‐Tena, J., Kettner-Høeberg, H., Puiggròs, F., Arola, L., Davies, A., et al. (2020) · Childhood Obesity · doi:10.1089/chi.2019.0265 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationKloek, G. C., Kuipers, A., Gerritse, T., & de Vries, S. I. (2021) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0071.v1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A Systematic Review of Interventions with Low-Income School-Age Children and Adolescents
Hwang, J., Choi, H., Jeong, H. J., Kim, C., & Woo, Y. (2018) · Perspectives in Nursing Science · doi:10.16952/pns.2018.15.2.92
- Authors
- Aceves-Martins, M., Llauradó, E., Tarro, L., Moriña, D., Papell-Garcia, I., Prades-Tena, J., Kettner-Høeberg, H., Puiggròs, F., Arola, L., Davies, A., Giralt, M., & Solà, R.
- Affiliations
- Health Education and Promotion, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili (ES)
- Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge (ES)
- EURECAT Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya (ES)
- Departament d'Estudis de Comunicació, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
- Eurecat, Technology Centre of Catalonia, Reus, Spain.
- National Children's Bureau (GB)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Llauradó, Elisabet
- ORCID
- Venue
- Childhood Obesity
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2017-08-01
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 300-313
- ISSN
- 2153-2168 (ISSN-L)
- 2153-2176
- OpenAlex
- W2610321123
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 4.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Status
- Retracted
- Update notices
- retraction (2020-09-15)
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Childhood Obesity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- European Commission
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- European Regional Development Fund
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › School Health and Nursing Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Keywords
- retraction, peer-led intervention, social marketing, adolescents, healthy lifestyle, school-based intervention, Spanish adolescents, clustering, multilevel analysis, intra-cluster correlation, research reproducibility, peer review, research integrity, childhood obesity prevention, physical activity, nutrition
- MeSH terms
- Healthy Lifestyle, Adolescent, Diet, Female, Fruit, Humans, Life Style, Male, Peer Group, Poverty, Schools, Spain, Vegetables, Health Behavior, Exercise, Cluster Analysis, Vulnerable Populations, Social Marketing, Sedentary Behavior
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review