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The Association between Problematic Instagram Use, Psychological Distress, and Well-Being: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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Sepas, Ali, Bangash, Ali Haider, Nielsen, René Ernst, Yang, Wah, El-Hussuna, Alaa·2024·Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking
DOI 10.1089/cyber.2023.0222
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Abstract

Recent studies have indicated the potential detrimental psychological effects of Instagram use (IU) and problematic Instagram use (PIU). PIU and IU have been associated with depression, anxiety, and negative general well-being. This study aimed to investigate that correlation through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Seven databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, were explored in February of 2023. Studies that assessed the association between IU and/or PIU with depression, anxiety, other psychological distresses, and/or general well-being were deemed eligible. The Hunter–Schmidt random effects model and multilevel meta-analysis were applied to assess the outcomes of interest. A total of 1,927 hits were identified with 37 studies included in the quantitative analysis after removal of duplicates and screening of abstracts and full texts, with the total number of participants at 14,305. The obtained correlations between PIU and depression, anxiety, and well-being with 95% confidence interval were found to be r = 0.35, [0.25, 0.44], r = 0.31, [0.22, 0.40], r = −0.17, [−0.24, −0.10], respectively. Similarly, for IU and depression r = 0.11, [0.06, 0.16], p < 0.05 for all of the aforementioned results. The association between IU and anxiety was found to be r = 0.12, [0.04, 0.21], p < 0.05. The present meta-analysis found significant conceptual heterogeneity across the studies included due to different study designs and population heterogeneity. The results show a positive association of PIU and IU with depression, anxiety, and other psychological distress(es). There is a need for robust designed longitudinal research to explore this association.

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  • In a systematic review, problematic internet use was associated with greater depressive, anxiety symptoms, and psychological distress symptoms with moderate effect estimates.

    “In one systematic review, problematic internet use was associated with greater depressive, anxiety symptoms, and psychological distress symptoms with moderate effect estimates.127”

    From Digital Ecosystems, Children, and Adolescents: Technical Report (2026) · cites this paper as [127]

    The Discussion reports moderate positive correlations between problematic Instagram use and depression and anxiety, and a moderate-to-large association with other psychological distress. The claim instead says problematic internet use, a broader category the review did not assess; its abbreviation PIU refers to problematic Instagram use. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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Authors
Sepas, A., Bangash, A. H., Nielsen, R. E., Yang, W., & El-Hussuna, A.
Affiliations
  • Novo Nordisk (Denmark) (DK)
  • Open Source Research Collaboration, Aalborg, Denmark.
  • Aalborg University Hospital (DK)
  • University of Hong Kong (HK)
Corresponding author
Sepas, Ali
ORCID
Venue
Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
2024-09-01
Volume
27
Issue
9
Pages
641-650
ISSN
  • 2152-2715 (ISSN-L)
  • 2152-2723
DOI
10.1089/cyber.2023.0222
OpenAlex
W4400736183
Cited by
9
References
52
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 3
FWCI
0.94
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations
  • Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health via Writing
Keywords
Instagram use, psychological distress, depression, anxiety, well-being, social media use, mental health
MeSH terms
Psychological Distress, Internet Addiction Disorder, Anxiety, Depression, Humans, Stress, Psychological, Social Media

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