Efficacy and Safety Comparison of Liraglutide, Glimepiride, and Placebo, All in Combination With Metformin, in Type 2 Diabetes

Nauck, Michael; Frid, Anders; Hermansen, Kjeld; Shah, Nalini S.; Tankova, Tsvetalina; Mitha, Ismail H.; Zdravkovic, Milan; Düring, Maria; Matthews, David R.; for the LEAD-2 Study Group

doi:10.2337/dc08-1355

Cited by 1,129Diabetes Treatment and ManagementDiabetes Management and ResearchPharmacology and Obesity Treatment

Efficacy and Safety Comparison of Liraglutide, Glimepiride, and Placebo, All in Combination With Metformin, in Type 2 Diabetes

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Nauck, Michael, Frid, Anders, Hermansen, Kjeld, Shah, Nalini S., Tankova, Tsvetalina, Mitha, Ismail H., Zdravkovic, Milan, Düring, Maria +2 more·2009·Diabetes Care

DOI 10.2337/dc08-1355PMC PMC2606836

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The efficacy and safety of adding liraglutide (a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist) to metformin were compared with addition of placebo or glimepiride to metformin in subjects previously treated with oral antidiabetes (OAD) therapy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In this 26-week, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo- and active-controlled, parallel-group trial, 1,091 subjects were randomly assigned (2:2:2:1:2) to once-daily liraglutide (either 0.6, 1.2, or 1.8 mg/day injected subcutaneously), to placebo, or to glimepiride (4 mg once daily). All treatments were in combination therapy with metformin (1g twice daily). Enrolled subjects (aged 25-79 years) had type 2 diabetes, A1C of 7-11% (previous OAD monotherapy for > or =3 months) or 7-10% (previous OAD combination therapy for > or =3 months), and BMI < or =40 kg/m(2). RESULTS: A1C values were significantly reduced in all liraglutide groups versus the placebo group (P < 0.0001) with mean decreases of 1.0% for 1.8 mg liraglutide, 1.2 mg liraglutide, and glimepiride and 0.7% for 0.6 mg liraglutide and an increase of 0.1% for placebo. Body weight decreased in all liraglutide groups (1.8-2.8 kg) compared with an increase in the glimepiride group (1.0 kg; P < 0.0001). The incidence of minor hypoglycemia with liraglutide ( approximately 3%) was comparable to that with placebo but less than that with glimepiride (17%; P < 0.001). Nausea was reported by 11-19% of the liraglutide-treated subjects versus 3-4% in the placebo and glimepiride groups. The incidence of nausea declined over time. CONCLUSIONS: In subjects with type 2 diabetes, once-daily liraglutide induced similar glycemic control, reduced body weight, and lowered the occurrence of hypoglycemia compared with glimepiride, when both had background therapy of metformin.

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Past GLP-1 RA studies reported mean weight change ranging from −1.0 kg to −3.78 kg over 6-12 months.
“In these studies, mean weight change ranged from −1.0 kg to −3.78 kg over 6–12 months.”
From Real-world weight change, adherence, and discontinuation among patients with type 2 diabetes initiating glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in the UK (2022) · cites this paper as [16]
The Results > Efficacy section reports mean weight losses of 1.8, 2.6, and 2.8 kg in the liraglutide groups over 26 weeks, supporting weight loss over approximately six months. It does not establish the claimed −1.0 to −3.78 kg range or a 12-month result; its 1.0 kg figure is weight gain in the glimepiride group. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Glimepiride, and Placebo, All in Combination With Metformin, in Type 2 Diabetes The LEAD (Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes)-2 study
Nauck, M. A., & Zdravkovic, M. (2013)
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Significantly Better Glycemic Control and Weight Reduction with Liraglutide, a Once-daily Human GLP-1 Analog, Compared with Insulin Glargine: All as Add-on to Metformin and a Sulfonylurea in Type 2 Diabetes.
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Self-citation

Authors: Nauck, M., Frid, A., Hermansen, K., Shah, N. S., Tankova, T., Mitha, I. H., Zdravkovic, M., Düring, M., Matthews, D. R., & for the LEAD-2 Study Group
Affiliations: Diabeteszentrum Bad Lauterberg (DE)
Öresund Diabetes Team AB, Lund, Sweden
Aarhus University Hospital (DK)
King Edward Memorial Hospital and Seth G.S. Medical College (IN)
Clinic of Diabetology, Sophia, Bulgaria
Benmed Hospital, Benoni, Republic of South Africa
Novo Nordisk (Denmark) (DK)
Novo Nordisk, Bagsvaerd, Denmark
Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (GB)
ORCID: Nauck, Michael
Hermansen, Kjeld
Shah, Nalini S.
Tankova, Tsvetalina
Matthews, David R.
Venue: Diabetes Care
Publisher: American Diabetes Association
Published: 2009-01-01
Volume: 32
Issue: 1
Pages: 84-90
ISSN: 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
1935-5548
DOI: 10.2337/dc08-1355
PMC: PMC2606836
OpenAlex: W2071835038
Cited by: 1,129
References: 26
Citations by year: 2026: 22 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 58 · 2016: 85 · 2015: 84 · 2014: 95 · 2013: 81 · 2012: 113
FWCI: 82.01
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
Locations: Diabetes Care (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institute for Health and Care Research (NF-SI-0508-10272)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
Keywords: liraglutide, glimepiride, metformin, type 2 diabetes, GLP-1 receptor agonists, combination therapy, glycemic control, HbA1c, weight loss, hypoglycemia, nausea, oral antidiabetic drugs, drug safety, obesity, dose comparison
MeSH terms: Liraglutide, Adult, Aged, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Male, Metformin, Middle Aged, Obesity, Placebos, Safety, Sulfonylurea Compounds, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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Efficacy and Safety Comparison of Liraglutide, Glimepiride, and Placebo, All in Combination With Metformin, in Type 2 Diabetes

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