The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Interventions to Enhance Adaptation to Bereavement
Open accessAbstract
This paper reviews quantitative evaluations of the efficacy of intervention programs designed to reduce the pain and suffering associated with bereavement. After identifying the psychological and physical health impacts of bereavement and outlining the prevalence of detrimental outcomes, we conclude that a minority of bereaved persons experience severe and sometimes lasting consequences, whereas the majority manage to overcome their grief across the course of time. We detail criteria for establishing the efficacy of bereavement intervention and examine the impact of intervention according to these stringent criteria. We critically examine previous reviews and summarize their conclusions. Using a narrative review approach, we apply a public health framework to organize intervention programs into primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention strategies. A comprehensive, updated review of empirical studies in these categories leads to the following conclusions: Routine intervention for bereavement has not received support from quantitative evaluations of its effectiveness and is therefore not empirically based. Outreach strategies are not advised, and even provision of intervention for those who believe that they need it and who request it should be carefully evaluated. Intervention soon after bereavement may interfere with "natural" grieving processes. Intervention is more effective for those with more complicated forms of grief. Finally, a research agenda is outlined that includes the use of rigorous design and methodological principles in both intervention programs themselves and in studies evaluating their efficacy; systematic investigation of "risk factors"; and comparison of relative effectiveness of different intervention programs (i.e., what works for whom).
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Reviews and meta-analyses of general bereavement interventions have shown that although effectiveness of bereavement interventions is often assumed, empirical evidence yields inconclusive results.”
From Complicated grief after perinatal loss (2012) · cites this paper as [56]
Citations
Cites
Defining empirically supported therapies.
Chambless, D. L., & Hollon, S. D. (1998) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.66.1.7 · Cited by 3,067 · cited 1×
“(1) General or primary prevention interventions are open to all bereaved persons, to anyone who has experienced a loss through death.”
Principles of Preventive Psychiatry
(1965) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1965.tb72290.x · Cited by 1,999
Handbook of bereavement research: Consequences, coping, and care.
(2001) · doi:10.1037/10436-000 · Cited by 947
Self-citationGrief Counseling and Grief Therapy: A Handbook for the Mental Health Practitioner
Worden, J. W. (1982) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 805
Prospective Patterns of Resilience and Maladjustment During Widowhood.
Bonanno, G. A., Wortman, C. B., & Nesse, R. M. (2004) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.19.2.260 · Cited by 595
Searching for the meaning of meaning: Grief therapy and the process of reconstruction
Neimeyer, R. A. (2000) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481180050121480 · Cited by 591 · cited 1×
“Jordan and Neimeyer 16,21 summarized some of the above qualitative (narrative) and quantitative (meta-analytic) reviews of the literature on the efficacy of individual and group interventions, primarily for adults, including a report of an unpublished meta-analytic review by Fortner and Neimeyer.”
Mortality in parents after death of a child in Denmark: a nationwide follow-up study
Li, J., Precht, D. H., Mortensen, P. B., & Olsen, J. (2003) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)12387-2 · Cited by 553
Jordan, J. R., & Neimeyer, R. A. (2003) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/713842360 · Cited by 336
Sandler, I. N., Ayers, T. S., Wolchik, S. A., Tein, J.-Y., Kwok, O.-M., Haine, R. A., Twohey-Jacobs, J., Suter, J., Lin, K., Padgett-Jones, S., et al. (2003) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.71.3.587 · Cited by 333
Reynolds, C. F., Miller, M. D., Pasternak, R. E., Frank, E., Perel, J. M., Cornes, C. L., Houck, P. R., Mazumdar, S., Dew, M. A., & Kupfer, D. J. (1999) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.156.2.202 · Cited by 314
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- 10.1037//0022-006X.66.1.7 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1177/00027640121956494 · DOI
- 1998, J Bvt Care, 17, 18
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Health outcomes of bereavement.
Stroebe, M., Schut, H., & Stroebe, W. (2007) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)61816-9 · Cited by 1,746
Self-citationCurrier, J. M., Neimeyer, R. A., & Berman, J. S. (2008) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.134.5.648 · Cited by 431
“…of smaller-scale qualitative (Schut et al., 2001), quantitative (Currier et al., 2007; Kato & Mann, 1999), and secondary (Jordan & Neimeyer, 2003; Schut & Stroebe, 2005) reviews, each of which has concluded that, on average, recipients of bereavement interventions are not appreciably less…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialComplicated grief after perinatal loss
Kersting, A., & Wagner, B. (2012) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2012.14.2/akersting · Cited by 419
“It has even been claimed by some reviewers that there is no strong evidence that these interventions are at all effective.(56,57) Although bereavement interventions appear to be effective if aimed high-risk groups or at those whose grieving process has already complicated,(57-59) interventions aimed solely at preventi…”
BackgroundThe prevention and treatment of complicated grief: a meta-analysis
Wittouck, C., Van Autreve, S., De Jaegere, E., Portzky, G., & van Heeringen, K. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.09.005 · Cited by 361
Prevalence and determinants of complicated grief in general population
Fujisawa, D., Miyashita, M., Nakajima, S., Ito, M., Kato, M., & Kim, Y. (2010) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.06.008 · Cited by 203
“However, treatments designed specifically for complicated grief have been shown to be effective (Schut and Stroebe, 2005; Shear et al., 2005).”
A public health approach to bereavement support services in palliative care
Aoun, S. M., Breen, L. J., O’Connor, M., Rumbold, B. D., & Nordstrom, C. (2012) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1111/j.1753-6405.2012.00825.x · Cited by 152
Bereavement theory: recent developments in our understanding of grief and bereavement
Hall, C. (2014) · Bereavement Care · doi:10.1080/02682621.2014.902610 · Cited by 150
“Schut and Stroebe (2005) summarise their review of the literature with the conclusion that: Routine intervention for bereavement has not received support from quantitative evaluations of its effectiveness and is therefore not empirically based.”
BackgroundThe multidimensional nature of resilience to spousal loss.
Infurna, F. J., & Luthar, S. S. (2016) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000095 · Cited by 136
“For example, recently bereaved spouses who report more process-oriented coping tend to have better adjustment (Schut & Stroebe, 2005).”
Disturbed grief: prolonged grief disorder and persistent complex bereavement disorder
Boelen, P. A., & Smid, G. E. (2017) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.j2016 · Cited by 138
A prospective study on parental coping 4 months after termination of pregnancy for fetal anomalies
Korenromp, M. J., Christiaens, G. C. M. L., van den Bout, J., Mulder, E. J. H., Hunfeld, J. A. M., Potters, C. M. A. A., Erwich, J. J. H. M., van Binsbergen, C. J. M., Brons, J. T. J., Beekhuis, J. R., et al. (2007) · Prenatal Diagnosis · doi:10.1002/pd.1763 · Cited by 128
Patterns of Attachment and Parents' Adjustment to the Death of Their Child
Meij, L. W., Stroebe, M., Schut, H. A. W., Stroebe, W., van den Bout, J., van der Heijden, P. G. M., & Dijkstra, I. (2007) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167206297400 · Cited by 125
“theoretical and clinical implications? First, it is important to remember that other major attachment theorists working in the field of bereavement, such as Shaver and Tancredy (2001) and Parkes (2001), clearly agreed with”
Self-citationGrief interventions for people bereaved by suicide: a systematic review
Linde, K., Treml, J., Steinig, J., Nagl, M., & Kersting, A. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0179496 · Cited by 107
Bereavement support standards and bereavement care pathway for quality palliative care
Hudson, P., Hall, C., Boughey, A., & Roulston, A. (2017) · Palliative & Supportive Care · doi:10.1017/s1478951517000451 · Cited by 108
“However, providing universal bereavement services is unnecessary, and offering therapy to resilient individuals is known to be of limited utility (Schut & Stroebe, 2005; Wittouck et al., 2011).”
BackgroundMethodFamily Members' Perceived Needs for Bereavement Follow-Up
Milberg, A., Olsson, E.-C., Jakobsson, M., Olsson, M., & Friedrichsen, M. (2007) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2007.02.039 · Cited by 107
Bridging the Gaps in Palliative Care Bereavement Support: An International Perspective
Breen, L. J., Aoun, S. M., O’Connor, M., & Rumbold, B. D. (2013) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2012.725451 · Cited by 99
Massimi, M., Odom, W., Banks, R., & Kirk, D. S. (2011) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/1978942.1979090 · Cited by 99
“…found that the bereaved would like to be offered professional services such as counselling immediately after the death of a loved one [50, 54], multi-site longitudinal studies found that intervention is often unnecessary and may even potentially interfere with an adaptive grief response [16, 60].”
BackgroundGrief and its Complications in Individuals with Intellectual Disability
Brickell, C. M., & Münir, K. (2008) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/10673220801929786 · Cited by 91
Mortazavi, S. S., Shahbazi, N., Taban, M., Alimohammadi, A., & Shati, M. (2021) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/00302228211032736 · Cited by 86
“Early preventive measures can interfere with the natural grieving process and the therapeutic measures can be useful only for people who have more complicated grief (Schut & Stroebe, 2005).”
BackgroundBereavement needs assessment in specialist palliative care: a review of the literature
Agnew, A., Manktelow, R., Taylor, B., & Jones, L. (2009) · Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1177/0269216309107013 · Cited by 78
Curtis, J. R., & Engelberg, R. A. (2006) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000237048.30032.29 · Cited by 67
Downar, J., Barua, R., & Sinuff, T. (2014) · Journal of Critical Care · doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2013.11.024 · Cited by 62
Grief Among Family Members of Nursing Home Residents With Advanced Dementia
Givens, J. L., Prigerson, H. G., Kiely, D. K., Shaffer, M. L., & Mitchell, S. L. (2011) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/jgp.0b013e31820dcbe0 · Cited by 62
Dual-Process Bereavement Group Intervention (DPBGI) for Widowed Older Adults.
Chow, A., Caserta, M. S., Lund, D. A., Suen, M. H. P., Xiu, D.-M., Chan, I. K. N., & Chu, K. M. (2018) · The gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gny095 · Cited by 55
The Economic Cost of Bereavement in Scotland
Stephen, A. I., Macduff, C., Petrie, D., Tseng, F., Schut, H. A. W., Skår, S., Corden, A., Birrell, J., Wang, S., Newsom, C., et al. (2014) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2014.920435 · Cited by 56
“…and though there is little evidence of the effectiveness of such interventions, those with complicated grief symptoms or risk of complicated grief developing may experience some relief in severity (Schut & Stroebe, 2005) negating the need for contact with a GP or other healthcare professional.”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe Caregiver Grief Scale: Development, Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis, and Validation
Lechner‐Meichsner, F., Schinköthe, D., & Wilz, G. (2015) · Clinical Gerontologist · doi:10.1080/07317115.2015.1121947 · Cited by 53
“In that, caregivers’ pre-death grief is different from post-death grief that most individuals manage without psychological help (Schut & Stroebe, 2005).”
BackgroundSickle Cell Disease: An Opportunity for Palliative Care Across the Life Span
Wilkie, D. J., Johnson, B., Mack, A. K., Labotka, R., & Molokie, R. E. (2010) · Nursing Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.cnur.2010.03.003 · Cited by 49
Bergman, E. J., & Haley, W. E. (2009) · Journal of Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1089/jpm.2008.0237 · Cited by 45
Milberg, A., & Strang, P. M. (2011) · Palliative & Supportive Care · doi:10.1017/s1478951511000204 · Cited by 50
Potential use of ayahuasca in grief therapy
González, D., Carvalho, M., Cantillo, J., Aixalá, M., & Farré, M. (2019) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/0030222817710879 · Cited by 44
“However, qualitative (Jordan & Neimeyer, 2003; Schut & Stroebe, 2005; Schut, Stroebe, Van den Bout, & Terheggen, 2001) and quantitative reviews (Currier, Neimeyer, & Berman, 2008; Murphy, Lipp, & Powles, 2012; Waller et al., 2015) have found that little empirical support exists for the…”
Keegan, O., Murphy, I., Benkel, I., Limonero, J. T., Relf, M., & Guldin, M. (2021) · Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1177/02692163211043000 · Cited by 43
Dhiliwal, S. R., & Muckaden, M. A. (2015) · Indian Journal of Palliative Care · doi:10.4103/0973-1075.150170 · Cited by 40
“[38] Total 198 of the bereaved families who were evaluated and found to be in stage of acceptance in their grief process returned to their normal routine life early.”
Killikelly, C., Smid, G. E., Wagner, B., & Boelen, P. A. (2021) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2020.10.034 · Cited by 43
Family Caregivers’ Unmet Needs in Long-term Cancer Survivorship
Kim, Y., Carver, C. S., & Ting, A. (2019) · Seminars in Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.soncn.2019.06.012 · Cited by 36
Caring for Grieving Family Members
Barry, C. L., Carlson, M. D. A., Thompson, J., Schlesinger, M. J., McCorkle, R. C., Kasl, S. V., & Bradley, E. H. (2012) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/mlr.0b013e318248661d · Cited by 39
Validação do instrumento de avaliação do luto prolongado para a população portuguesa.
Delalibera, M., Coelho, A., & Barbosa, A. (2012) · Acta Médica Portuguesa · doi:10.20344/amp.1422 · Cited by 37
Aho, A. L., Åstedt-Kurki, P. M., Tarkka, M., & Kaunonen, M. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03523.x · Cited by 34
Denhup, C. (2016) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/0030222815598455 · Cited by 29
“…et al., 2002; Rogers, Floyd, Seltzer, Greenberg, & Hong, 2008), evaluation of bereavement interventions (Davies, 2007; Heiney, Wells, & Gunn, 1993; Schut & Stroebe, 2005) and explanations of bereavement’s conceptual underpinnings (Aho et al., 2006; Bunkers, 2006; Christ et al., 2003; Cimete &…”
Sandalic, D., Arora, M., Pozzato, I., Simpson, G., Middleton, J., & Craig, A. (2022) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s259712 · Cited by 27
Schut, H. A. W., & Stroebe, M. (2010) · Psychologica Belgica · doi:10.5334/pb-50-1-2-89 · Cited by 28
“For primary preventive intervention to be helpful it seems at least necessary for clients to initiate help themselves, instead of help being offered to them (Currier et al., 2008; Schut & Stroebe, 2005; Schut et al., 2001).”
BackgroundSelf-citationGhesquiere, A. (2013) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.2190/om.68.1.a · Cited by 32
“Preliminary evidence indicates that adults with CG can benefit from mental health treatment which specifically focuses on their symptoms (Schut & Stroebe, 2005; Shear, Frank, Houck, & Reynolds, 2005), but little is known about support-seeking in this population.”
Appel, C., Frederiksen, K., Hjalgrim, H., Dyregrov, A., Dalton, S. O., Dencker, A., Høybye, M. T., Dige, J., Bøge, P., Mikkelsen, O. A., et al. (2018) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/1403494818806371 · Cited by 27
Communication that heals: mindful communication practices from palliative care leaders
Omilion‐Hodges, L. M., & Swords, N. M. (2015) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2014.953739 · Cited by 26
“These findings are particularly important in palliative care (PC), as the medical specialty utilizes communication to provide holistic care (i.e., physical, social, psychological, spiritual, etc.) to seriously ill patients and their loved ones (Schut & Stroebe, 2005).”
BackgroundThe Role of Grief, Anxiety, and Depressive Symptoms in the Use of Bereavement Services
Bergman, E. J., Haley, W. E., & Small, B. J. (2010) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481181003697746 · Cited by 26
“Recent comprehensive reviews of the efficacy of bereavement interventions (Currier et al., 2008; Schut & Stroebe, 2005; Schut et al., 2001) conclude that interventions are more effective when targeted to individuals in high-risk groups or individuals already suffering from complicated grief, as…”
BackgroundWittenberg-Lyles, E. M., Washington, K. T., Oliver, D. P., Shaunfield, S. L., Gage, L. A., Mooney, M., & Lewis, A. M. (2014) · Palliative & Supportive Care · doi:10.1017/s1478951513001235 · Cited by 32
“Medicare budget sequestration further complicated provision of hospice bereavement support and tested interventions related to these services, which were already limited (Schut & Stroebe, 2005).”
BackgroundA new conception and subsequent taxonomy of clinical psychological problems
Bakker, G. (2019) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-019-0318-8 · Cited by 30
Who uses bereavement services? An examination of service use by bereaved dementia caregivers
Bergman, E. J., Haley, W. E., & Small, B. J. (2011) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2010.543661 · Cited by 24
“…a theoretical framework to guide the selection of measures and have methodological limitations, including small sample size and a lack of specificity as to the type or timing of bereavement service or services used, which highlight the need for more research in this area (Schut & Stroebe, 2005).”
Challenges in evaluating adult bereavement services
Schut, H. A. W., & Stroebe, M. (2011) · Bereavement Care · doi:10.1080/02682621.2011.555240 · Cited by 25
“For example, research has shown that intensity of grief diminishes as a result of certain kinds of intervention (cf Schut & Stroebe, 2005 ).”
BackgroundSelf-citationGold, K. J., Normandin, M. M., & Boggs, M. E. (2016) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-016-0657-x · Cited by 25
Schoonover, K. L., Prokop, L., & Lapid, M. I. (2022) · Journal of Palliative Care · doi:10.1177/08258597211062762 · Cited by 22
Interventions for Spousal Bereavement in the Older Adult: An Evidence Review
Nseir, S., & Larkey, L. (2013) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2011.649941 · Cited by 23
“…that early grief interventions for uncomplicated grief may have the potential for a more harmful than helpful effect, possibly interfering with progression of the ‘‘normal’’ grieving process (Currier, Neimeyer, & Berman, 2008; Schut & Stroebe, 2005; Tudiver, Hilditch, Permaul, & McKendree, 1992).”
BackgroundHultman, T. D., Keene, E. A., & Dahlin, C. M. (2008) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.2190/om.57.4.a · Cited by 23
“Schut and Stroebe (2005) have categorized preventive bereavement interventions by the population targeted: primary interventions are described as those offered to all the bereaved experiencing uncomplicated grief; secondary interventions are offered to those at risk for complicated grief; and…”
BackgroundInfluentialBereaved Family Cancer Caregivers’ Unmet Needs: Measure Development and Validation
Kim, Y., Carver, C. S., & Cannady, R. (2019) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kaz036 · Cited by 23
Bereavement Assessment Practice in Hospice Settings: Challenges for Palliative Care Social Workers
Agnew, A., Manktelow, R., Haynes, T., & Jones, L. (2010) · The British Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcq055 · Cited by 24
“It has been stated that providing bereavement support to individuals who are resilient may be unhelpful or possibly even harmful (Walshe, 1997; Kristjanson et al., 2005; Schut and Stroebe, 2005; Wimpenny et al., 2008).”
BackgroundTime for change? A national audit on bereavement care in intensive care units
Berry, M. A., Brink, E., & Metaxa, V. (2016) · Journal of the Intensive Care Society · doi:10.1177/1751143716653770 · Cited by 23
“The death of a relative or a friend is a painful, albeit normal, life experience that frequently has a profound effect on the life of the survivors.(1) Following bereavement, family members may experience feelings of anxiety, depression, debilitating physical features (such as tiredness or sleep disturbances) and symp…”
BackgroundBurns, E., Prigerson, H. G., Quinn, S. J., Abernethy, A. P., & Currow, D. C. (2017) · Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1177/0269216317717370 · Cited by 23
Developing a practice-based research agenda for grief and bereavement care
Hay, A., Hall, C., Sealey, M., Lobb, E. A., & Breen, L. J. (2019) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2019.1636897 · Cited by 22
Triple grief cycle of cancelled events: the emotional crisis aftermath
Wong, I. A., Lin, S., Lin, L.-X., & Liao, R. (2021) · International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management · doi:10.1108/ijchm-09-2020-0953 · Cited by 19
Schut, H. A. W. (2010) · Bereavement Care · doi:10.1080/02682620903560817 · Cited by 20
Self-citationReitsma, L., Boelen, P. A., de Keijser, J., & Lenferink, L. I. M. (2021) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2021.1987687 · Cited by 19
“…people with clinically relevant levels of PCBD, PTSD and/or depression at least three months post-bereavement and could therefore be considered a secondary preventive intervention and not a primary preventive intervention (i.e. interventions targeted at all bereaved people; Schut & Stroebe, 2005).”
BackgroundPsychological Distress of the Bereaved Seeking Medical Counseling at a Cancer Center
Ishida, M., Onishi, H., Matsubara, M., Tada, Y., Ito, H., Narabayashi, M., Sasaki, Y., Nomura, S., & Uchitomi, Y. (2012) · Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1093/jjco/hys051 · Cited by 20
Family Members’ Experiences With Bereavement in the Intensive Care Unit
Jones, C., Puntillo, K., Donesky, D., & McAdam, J. L. (2018) · American Journal of Critical Care · doi:10.4037/ajcc2018262 · Cited by 22
Neimeyer, R. A. (2010) · Bereavement Care · doi:10.1080/02682620903560833 · Cited by 19
“Likewise, Schut and Stroebe (2005) summarise their own narrative review of the literature with the conclusion that: ‘Routine intervention for bereavement has not received support from quantitative evaluations of its effectiveness and is therefore not empirically based.”
BackgroundLenferink, L., de Keijser, J., Smid, G., & Boelen, P. (2020) · Traumatology An International Journal · doi:10.1037/trm0000253 · Cited by 19
MacKinnon, C. J., Smith, N. G., Henry, M., Milman, E. J., Chochinov, H. M., Körner, A., Berish, M., Farrace, A. J., Liarikos, N., & Cohen, S. R. (2015) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2014.958628 · Cited by 18
“Limited success was made in attempting to address previous critiques concerning problematic CTRL groups in bereavement intervention design (Schut & Stroebe, 2005).”
BackgroundThe effects of peer support on post‐traumatic stress reactions in bereaved parents
Aho, A. L., Malmisuo, J., & Kaunonen, M. (2017) · Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences · doi:10.1111/scs.12465 · Cited by 17
MacKinnon, C. J., Smith, N. G., Henry, M., Berish, M., Milman, E. J., Körner, A., Copeland, L. S., Chochinov, H. M., & Cohen, S. R. (2013) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2012.738768 · Cited by 17
“Recruitment procedures should emphasize attracting participants who are motivated (Schut & Stroebe, 2005) and assess each individual’s expectations of participating in a bereavement group.”
BackgroundInitial management of bereaved relatives following trauma
Parris, R. J. (2011) · Trauma · doi:10.1177/1460408611420352 · Cited by 17
“Studies have demonstrated that primary intervention is ineffective, that secondary intervention is of extremely limited benefit with probably no significant sustained effects but that tertiary interventions are effective in alleviating psychological symptoms due to bereavement (Parkes, 1998a; Forte et al., 2004; Schut…”
BackgroundBereavement and Bereavement Care in Health and Social Care: Provision and Practice in Scotland
Stephen, A. I., Wimpenny, P., Unwin, R., Work, F., Dempster, P., Macduff, C., Wilcock, S. E., & Brown, A. H. (2009) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481180802671944 · Cited by 16
“The available evidence suggests, however, that intervention for bereavement has benefits for those whose grief is complicated, prolonged, and intense (Currier, Holland, & Neimeyer, 2007; Currier, Neimeyer, & Berman, 2008; Schut & Stroebe, 2005).”
BackgroundZech, E., Ryckebosch-Dayez, A.-S., & Delespaux, E. (2010) · Psychologica Belgica · doi:10.5334/pb-50-1-2-103 · Cited by 16
“…as to why intervention for bereaved individuals is only moderately effective is that many bereaved individuals do not need professional interventions in addition to the help or resources that they already naturally developed after bereavement (e.g., Schut & Stroebe, 2005; Schut et al., 2001).”
BackgroundEmployee-Based HRM: Bereavement Policy in a Changing Work Environment
Barclay, L. A., & Kang, J. H. (2019) · Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal · doi:10.1007/s10672-019-09337-8 · Cited by 16
Bereavement in family context: Coping with the loss of a loved one
Stroebe, M. (2010) · Family Science · doi:10.1080/19424620.2010.576081 · Cited by 15
“For whom is intervention after loss appropriate? Is intervention effective? Review of the literature has shown that intervention which is open to all bereaved persons (the criterion for participation being simply that one has experienced a loss through death) is generally not very effective (Schut & Stroebe, 2005 ; Sc…”
BackgroundSelf-citationVlasto, C. (2009) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/14733140903171220 · Cited by 15
“Analyses of the literature suggest that only those who request help and are already experiencing complications are likely to benefit from therapy (Schut & Stroebe, 2005 ).”
BackgroundPetursdottir, A. B., Rayens, M. K., Sigurðardóttir, V. L., & Svavarsdóttir, E. K. (2021) · Journal of Family Nursing · doi:10.1177/1074840721994332 · Cited by 15
“The importance of evaluating which types of interventions help which populations of bereaved persons has been emphasized by Schut and Stroebe (2005).”
BackgroundDiamond, H., Llewelyn, S. P., Relf, M., & Bruce, C. (2012) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2011.553334 · Cited by 14
“Volunteers are involved in providing support in recognition that bereavement is a normal condition and that therapy is rarely needed (Schut & Stroebe, 2005 ).”
BackgroundWittenberg-Lyles, E. M., & Sanchez-Reilly, S. E. (2008) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2008.02.023 · Cited by 14
“Despite numerous studies on bereavement, there is no scientific based evidence that demonstrates the effectiveness and adequate timing of such interventions [51].”
BackgroundVandersman, P., Chakraborty, A., Rowley, G., & Tieman, J. (2024) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2024.105473 · Cited by 13
Exploring current service provision for Prolonged Grief Disorder and suggestions for future advances
Smith, L., Kalus, C., Russell, P., & Skinner, T. C. (2009) · Mortality · doi:10.1080/13576270802591251 · Cited by 15
“For this population professional grief intervention is often unnecessary and may even interfere with the natural grieving process (Schut & Stroebe, 2005).”
BackgroundSiddaway, A. P., Wood, A., Schulz, J., & Trickey, D. (2015) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2014.913085 · Cited by 11
“…Winders, Tallett, & Feldman, 1994), a small amount of quantitative evidence for universal approaches with bereaved children (Curtis & Newman, 2001), and, more recently, evidence that primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention may all be effective for children (Schut & Stroebe, 2005).”
BackgroundOlsson, M., Lundberg, T., Fürst, C. J., Öhlén, J., & Forinder, U. (2017) · Journal of Social Work in End-of-Life & Palliative Care · doi:10.1080/15524256.2016.1261755 · Cited by 13
“…self-esteem, concentration problems, and self-injuries (Bylund Grenko, Kreicbergs, Valdimarsdottir, Nyberg, Steineck & Furst, 2014; Cerel & Goodney, 2011; Schut & Stroebe, 2005; Visser et al., 2004) as well as psychosocial problems that may persist (Grenklo et al., 2013a; Rostila & Saarela, 2011b).”
BackgroundClients’ Perspectives on Outcomes and Mechanisms of Bereavement Counselling: A Qualitative Study
Klasen, M., Bhar, S. S., Ugalde, A., & Hall, C. (2017) · Australian Psychologist · doi:10.1111/ap.12280 · Cited by 12
“Other researchers have found that BC is not required for most people (Neimeyer, 2000) and is useful only when grief continues to be debilitating (Schut & Stroebe, 2005).”
BackgroundMethodMilberg, A., Appelquist, G., Hagelin, E., Jakobsson, M., Olsson, E.-C., Olsson, M., & Friedrichsen, M. (2009) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-009-0786-0 · Cited by 12
“The respondents also expressed the possibility of bereavement follow-up to all bereaved being a waste of money, and there is support for this since the majority of bereaved persons manage to overcome their grief over the course of time without any interventions [15, 50].”
BackgroundMorris, S. E., & Block, S. D. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119941101.ch20 · Cited by 12
Robertson, G. (2019) · Quality in Ageing and Older Adults · doi:10.1108/qaoa-03-2019-0008 · Cited by 12
Les interventions de deuil centrées sur les processus psychologiques et relationnels
Zech, E., Delespaux, E., & Ryckebosch-Dayez, A.-S. (2013) · Annales Médico-psychologiques revue psychiatrique · doi:10.1016/j.amp.2013.01.024 · Cited by 17
“[18] Schut H, Stroebe MS.”
BackgroundWhat Can We Do to Help and Understand Survivors of Suicide in Hong Kong?
Wong, P. W. C., Chan, W. S. C., & Beh, P. (2007) · Crisis · doi:10.1027/0227-5910.28.4.183 · Cited by 11
Neimeyer, R. A. (2010) · Bereavement Care · doi:10.1080/02682621.2010.484930 · Cited by 11
“Likewise, Schut and Stroebe ( 2005 ) summarise their own narrative review of the literature with the conclusion that:”
BackgroundInfluentialApplication de l’EMDR au deuil traumatique après une collision de train
Tarquinio, C., Houbre, B., Fayard, A., & Tarquinio, P. (2009) · L Évolution Psychiatrique · doi:10.1016/j.evopsy.2009.09.004 · Cited by 10
Tratamiento del duelo en Salud Mental: Una experiencia grupal
Cuenca, I. M. G., & Álvarez, E. C. (2015) · Revista de Psicoterapia · doi:10.33898/rdp.v25i99.22 · Cited by 10
Newsom, C., Schut, H., Stroebe, M., Wilson, S., & Birrell, J. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0164005 · Cited by 9
Self-citationMulligan, J., Sellwood, W., Reid, G. S., Riddell, S., & Andy, N. (2012) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1751-7893.2012.00369.x · Cited by 9
“This is particularly important for FEP relatives with evidence to demonstrate that early interventions for individuals who experience bereavement can be detrimental and impede the ‘natural grieving process’.(68) The present study was a relatively small but hopefully important first step towards facilitating the system…”
BackgroundDavidson, K. M. (2011) · Journal of Gerontological Nursing · doi:10.3928/00989134-20110106-02 · Cited by 9
A Pilot Study of Meaning-Based Group Counseling for Bereavement
MacKinnon, C. J., Smith, N. G., Henry, M., Milman, E. J., Berish, M., Farrace, A. J., Körner, A., Chochinov, H. M., & Cohen, S. R. (2015) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/0030222815575002 · Cited by 9
“Participants self-selected to be in the study (i.e., inreaching recruitment, see Schut & Stroebe, 2005).”
MethodBamniya, J., Bhatia, G. O., Doshi, H., & Ladola, H. (2018) · International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20181020 · Cited by 7
“Intervention is more effective for those with more complicated forms of grief.(11) The amount of time that had passed since the most recent loss was significantly related to the PGS scores.”
BackgroundUchida, T., Satake, N., Takayama, C., Uno, A., Nakaho, T., Inoue, A., & Saito, H. (2022) · Journal of Social Work in End-of-Life & Palliative Care · doi:10.1080/15524256.2022.2093315 · Cited by 7
“…( Aranda & Milne, 2000; Stroebe, Schut, & Stroebe, 2007); however, 5–33% of individuals experience prolonged and severe post-loss psychological distress, which is widely referred to as complicated grief or prolonged grief disorder (Schut & Stroebe, 2005; Tsai, Kuo, Wen, Prigerson, & Tang, 2018).”
BackgroundBereavement support and prolonged grief disorder among carers of people with motor neurone disease
O'Brien, M. R., Kirkcaldy, A., Knighting, K., Roe, B. H., & Jack, B. (2016) · British Journal of Neuroscience Nursing · doi:10.12968/bjnn.2016.12.6.268 · Cited by 9
Ishida, M., Onishi, H., Morita, T., Uchitomi, Y., Shimizu, M., Tsuneto, S., Shima, Y., & Miyashita, M. (2018) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2017.12.493 · Cited by 7
Girault, N., & Fossati, P. (2008) · EMC - Traité de médecine AKOS · doi:10.1016/s1634-6939(08)41310-8 · Cited by 6
Bowden, C. (2017) · Open Access Victoria University of Wellington | Te Herenga Waka (Figshare) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.17064212 · Cited by 5
“At other times they adopt a restoration orientation and use problemfocused coping to make adjustments (for example, coping with a new identity, mastering new skills, taking up new roles, re-evaluating life, developing new assumptions) that eventually lead to restoration (Schut & Stroebe, 2005).”
BackgroundGallio, I., Lorusso, M., Moscato, M., Miranti, C., Pasalic, M., Formaglio, F., Feltrin, A., & Ruggiero, E. (2024) · BMC Palliative Care · doi:10.1186/s12904-024-01620-2 · Cited by 6
The Efficacy of Bereavement Interventions: A Systematic Umbrella Review
Avis, K. A., Missler, M. A., van Deursen, D. S., Lenferink, L. I. M., Stroebe, M., & Schut, H. A. W. (2025) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000426 · Cited by 6
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Schut, H., & Stroebe, M. S.
- Affiliations
- Utrecht University (NL)
- Venue
- Journal of Palliative Medicine
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2005-12
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- supplement 1
- Pages
- s-140-s-147
- ISSN
- 1096-6218 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-7740
- OpenAlex
- W1989735232
- Cited by
- 162
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 6.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- dspace.library.uu.nl
- Locations
- Journal of Palliative Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Death, Funerary Practices, and Mourning
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues
- Keywords
- bereavement, grief, bereavement interventions, complicated grief, intervention efficacy, primary prevention, secondary prevention, tertiary prevention, public health framework, intervention timing, intervention effectiveness evaluation
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adjustment Disorders, Bereavement, Counseling, Family, Humans, Psychotherapy, Terminal Care
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
