The Impact of Leptin and Adiponectin on Incident Type 2 Diabetes Is Modified by Sex and Insulin Resistance
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Adiponectin and leptin and their ratio have been associated with incident type 2 diabetes (T2DM), although the data presented are conflicting and the populations studied have been small. In this large, prospective, nested, case referent study, we hypothesized that these associations are sex specific and may be modified by insulin resistance. METHODS: Men and women aged 30-60 years with incident T2DM (n=640) and a prior health survey within the Västerbotten Intervention Programme (VIP) and matched referents (n=1564) were identified. Using conditional logistic regression analyses, we tested whether baseline plasma adiponectin and leptin levels and their ratio independently predicted incident T2DM, stratified for gender and insulin resistance. RESULTS: Adjusted for traditional risk factors, fourth-quartile levels of adiponectin were associated with a reduced risk of T2DM in men [odds ratio (OR) 0.55 (0.36-0.86)] and women [OR 0.47 (0.27-0.83)]. Quartile four of the leptin/adiponectin ratio predicted T2DM in both men [OR 3.08 (1.68-5.67)] and women [OR 3.31 (1.56-7.03)], whereas quartile-four levels of leptin predicted T2DM only in men [OR 2.30 (1.32-4.02)]. When stratified for insulin sensitivity and adjusted for body mass index (BMI), log(e)-transformed leptin predicted T2DM in insulin-sensitive men [OR 1.56 (1.13-2.17)] but not in insulin-resistant men [OR 1.03 (0.76-1.39)]. The effect of adiponectin and the leptin/adiponectin ratio was not influenced by the insulin sensitivity status. CONCLUSIONS: Leptin in men and adiponectin in both sexes were independent predictors of T2DM. The association was modified by the degree of insulin sensitivity. The leptin/adiponectin ratio may add predictive information beyond the separate hormones.
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Individuals with type 2 diabetes typically have low adiponectin levels, even when adjusted for body weight.
“Individuals with type 2 diabetes typically have low adiponectin levels, even when adjusted for body weight.65”
From Interacting epidemics? Sleep curtailment, insulin resistance, and obesity (2012) · cites this paper as [65]
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- Authors
- Lilja, M., Rolandsson, O., Norberg, M., & Söderberg, S.
- Affiliations
- Umeå University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Lilja, Mikael
- Venue
- Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2012-04
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 143-151
- ISSN
- 1540-4196 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-8518
- OpenAlex
- W1995315967
- Cited by
- 39
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 5.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Hjärt-Lungfonden
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- leptin, adiponectin, leptin/adiponectin ratio, type 2 diabetes, new-onset diabetes, sex differences, insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity, adipokines, diabetes risk prediction, Västerbotten Intervention Programme
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Male, Middle Aged, Registries, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Sweden, Incidence, Case-Control Studies, Leptin, Adiponectin
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