The DOI matches its Crossref record; 58 of the 58 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cytoplasmic Dynein, the Dynactin Complex, and Kinesin Are Interdependent and Essential for Fast Axonal Transport
Open accessAbstract
In axons, organelles move away from (anterograde) and toward (retrograde) the cell body along microtubules. Previous studies have provided compelling evidence that conventional kinesin is a major motor for anterograde fast axonal transport. It is reasonable to expect that cytoplasmic dynein is a fast retrograde motor, but relatively few tests of dynein function have been reported with neurons of intact organisms. In extruded axoplasm, antibody disruption of kinesin or the dynactin complex (a dynein activator) inhibits both retrograde and anterograde transport. We have tested the functions of the cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain (cDhc64C) and the p150(Glued) (Glued) component of the dynactin complex with the use of genetic techniques in Drosophila. cDhc64C and Glued mutations disrupt fast organelle transport in both directions. The mutant phenotypes, larval posterior paralysis and axonal swellings filled with retrograde and anterograde cargoes, were similar to those caused by kinesin mutations. Why do specific disruptions of unidirectional motor systems cause bidirectional defects? Direct protein interactions of kinesin with dynein heavy chain and p150(Glued) were not detected. However, strong dominant genetic interactions between kinesin, dynein, and dynactin complex mutations in axonal transport were observed. The genetic interactions between kinesin and either Glued or cDhc64C mutations were stronger than those between Glued and cDhc64C mutations themselves. The shared bidirectional disruption phenotypes and the dominant genetic interactions demonstrate that cytoplasmic dynein, the dynactin complex, and conventional kinesin are interdependent in fast axonal transport.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Thus, our data is consistent with a model for bidirectional coordination in which activities of Kinesin-1 and dynein might be linked via physical contacts (Martin et al., 1999), and points to a role of KLCs in this linkage.”
From Stable kinesin and dynein assemblies drive the axonal transport of mammalian prion protein vesicles (2011) · cites this paper as Martin et al., 1999
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual
Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E., & Maniatis, T. (1989) · UCLA - Biblioteca de Ciencias de la Salud · Cited by 133,589
The Genome of Drosophila Melanogaster
Lindsley, D. L., & Zimm, G. G. (1992) · Cited by 3,098
Kinesin and Dynein Superfamily Proteins and the Mechanism of Organelle Transport
Hirokawa, N. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.279.5350.519 · Cited by 1,689
Baas, P. W., Deitch, J. S., Black, M. M., & Banker, G. A. (1988) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.85.21.8335 · Cited by 742
Kaiser, C. A., & Schekman, R. W. (1990) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(90)90483-u · Cited by 730
Gill, S. R., Schroer, T. A., Szilak, I., Steuer, E. R., Sheetz, M. P., & Cleveland, D. W. (1991) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.115.6.1639 · Cited by 487
The design plan of kinesin motors
Vale, R. D., & Fletterick, R. J. (1997) · Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.13.1.745 · Cited by 474
Vaughan, K. T., & Vallee, R. B. (1995) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.131.6.1507 · Cited by 469
ALLEN, R. D., Weiss, D. G., Hayden, J. H., Brown, D. T., Fujiwake, H., & Simpson, M. (1985) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.100.5.1736 · Cited by 440
Developmental Regulation of Vesicle Transport in Drosophila Embryos: Forces and Kinetics
Welte, M. A., Gross, S. P., Postner, M. A., Block, S. M., & Wieschaus, E. F. (1998) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80947-2 · Cited by 389
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Bowman A.B., 1999, J. Cell. Biol., 146, 165
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–365 of 365
Mizuno, K., Sugahara, M., Kutomi, O., Kato, R., Itoh, T., Fujita, S., & Yamada, M. (2025) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2025.108343 · Cited by 3
Dynein-driven regulation of postsynaptic membrane architecture and synaptic function
Neisch, A. L., Pengo, T., Avery, A. W., Li, M., & Hays, T. S. (2025) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.263844 · Cited by 4
Self-citationInteraction of Molecular Motors
Gyoeva, F. K. (2005) · Molecular Biology · doi:10.1007/s11008-005-0077-x · Cited by 3
Modelling organelle transport after traumatic axonal injury
Kuznetsov, I. A., & Kuznetsov, A. V. (2013) · Computer Methods in Biomechanics & Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1080/10255842.2013.820721 · Cited by 3
Tear, G. (2008) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb1008-1131 · Cited by 3
Mechanics of bidirectional cargo transport
Hancock, W. O. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809470-9.00007-2 · Cited by 3
El Enriquecimiento Ambiental en ratas: efectos diferenciales en función del sexo
Peña‐Oliver, Y. (2007) · Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona) · Cited by 3
Modeling Bidirectional Transport of New and Used Organelles in Fast Axonal Transport in Neurons
Kuznetsov, A. V. (2010) · ASME Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1115/1.4002304 · Cited by 2
A four kinetic state model of fast axonal transport: Model formulation and perturbation solution
Kuznetsov, A. V. (2010) · Open Physics · doi:10.2478/s11534-010-0032-x · Cited by 2
Evaluation of the dynactin 1 gene in Leonbergers and Labrador Retrievers with laryngeal paralysis
Holt, D. E., Brown, D. C., & Henthorn, P. S. (2016) · American Journal of Veterinary Research · doi:10.2460/ajvr.77.10.1114 · Cited by 2
Morimoto, Y., Hashimoto, S., Yamochi, T., Goto, H., Amo, A., Yamanaka, M., & Inoue, M. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-53454-1_4 · Cited by 2
The Kinesin Speed Paradox Revisited: How Can Cargoes Move Faster Than Their Motors?
Iwasaki, K., & Okada, Y. (2026) · Cytoskeleton · doi:10.1002/cm.70192 · Cited by 1
Hydrodynamic modeling of traffic jams in intracellular transport in axons
Hooman, K., Ejlali, A., & Abdel-jawad, M. M. (2009) · International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2008.11.011 · Cited by 1
Neisch, A. L., Avery, A. W., Li, M.-G., & Hays, T. S. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809471-6.00021-8 · Cited by 1
Self-citationMitochondrial dysfunction in kidney diseases
Galvan, D. L., & Perico, L. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819621-2.00005-x · Cited by 1
Shee, A., Sabharwal, V., Koushika, S. P., Nandi, A., & Chaudhuri, D. (2025) · Physical review. E · doi:10.1103/physreve.111.064404 · Cited by 1
Mitochondrial Dynamics and Axonal Transport
Cai, Q., & Sheng, Z. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-1291-1_5 · Cited by 1
Modeling the effect of a microtubule swirl on fast axonal transport
Kuznetsov, A. V., Avramenko, A. A., & Blinov, D. G. (2009) · International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer · doi:10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2009.11.005 · Cited by 1
Microtubule Motor Proteins and the Mechanisms of Synaptic Plasticity
Васильева, Н. А., & Pivovarov, A. S. (2017) · Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology · doi:10.1007/s11055-017-0439-6 · Cited by 1
Chapter 12 Cytoskeletal Abnormalities in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/Motor Neuron Disease
Robertson, J., & Julien, J. (2003) · Blue books of practical neurology · doi:10.1016/s1877-3419(09)70113-8 · Cited by 1
Neisch, A. L., Pengo, T., Avery, A. W., Li, M., & Hays, T. S. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.09.27.462070 · Cited by 1
Self-citationSalvador-Garcia, D., Li, J., Hensley, A. M., Gölcük, M., Gallaud, E., Chaaban, S., Port, F., Vagnoni, A., Planelles-Herrero, V. J., McClintock, M. A., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.08.03.551815 · Cited by 1
Microdevices for Isolating Single Axons for the Study of Axonal Transport in Dopaminergic Neurons
Lu, X. (2013) · Open Scholarship Institutional Repository (Washington University in St. Louis) · doi:10.7936/k7ft8j1n
Axonal Transport and Motor Neuron Disease
Ström, A., Hayward, L. J., Kasarskis, E. J., & Zhu, H. (2010) · Advances in neurobiology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-6787-9_22
Natalin, P. (2009) · heiDOK (Heidelberg University) · doi:10.11588/heidok.00008939
Neuronal Mitochondrial Transport
Knight, A. L., Chen, Y., Sun, T., & Sheng, Z. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119017127.ch7
Measuring molecular motor forces to probe transport regulation in vivo
Leidel, C. (2012) · Texas ScholarWorks (Texas Digital Library)
Nuclear export and cytoplasmic localisation of mRNA in Drosophila melanogaster
Wilkie, G. S. (2001) · ERA
Direktor, Ä., & Gasser, T. (2011)
Regulation of the kinesin-3 motor, KIF1A, in a cellular model of Alzheimer’s disease
Akram, A. (2016) · Summit (Simon Fraser University)
Studies of Microtubule-dependent Organelle Transport in Drosophila S2 cells
Kim, H. (2008) · Arch · doi:10.21985/n24q7n
Functions and Kinetics of Mitochondrial Fusion and Fission in the Axon: a Quantitative Study
Yu, Y. (2015) · KiltHub Repository · doi:10.1184/r1/6717419
Molecular Mechanisms Of Mrna Transport By A Class V Myosin And Cytoplasmic Dynein
Sladewski, T. E. (2017) · ScholarWorks -A service of University of Vermont Libraries (University of Vermont)
ROS regulation of axonal mitochondrial transport
Liao, P. (2016) · Purdue e-Pubs (Purdue University System)
Li, J. (2017) · Deep Blue (University of Michigan)
Dynactin: Coordinating Motors with Opposite Inclinations Dispatch
Gross, S. P. (2003)
Bidirectional cargo transport by microtubule-based molecular motors
Hoffman, M. T. (2012) · Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)
Dynein catch bond as a mediator of codependent bidirectional cellular transportPreprint
Puri, P., Gupta, N., Chandel, S., Naskar, S., Nair, A., Chaudhuri, A., Mitra, M. K., & Muhuri, S. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/250175
Altered mitochondrial dynamics in a novel cellular model of Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON)
Halangoda, K. (2018) · Summit (Simon Fraser University)
Wu, T., Duan, F., Wang, L., Liu, H., & Yang, W. (2019) · Journal of Advances in Health · doi:10.3724/sp.j.2640-8686.2019.0081
Feng, Q., Gicking, A. M., & Hancock, W. O. (2020) · Biophysical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2019.11.1076
Delivery and Removal: Probing cargo sorting and degradation using inducible tools
Janssen, A. F. J. (2019) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) · doi:10.33540/925
Rogers, G. C., Sharp, D. J., Rogers, S. L., & Scholey, J. M. (2002) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/0471203076.emm1145
HSV Tegument Protein pUL51 Interacts with Host Dynactin for Viral SpreadPreprint
White, S., Tran, M., & Roller, R. J. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.03.21.485087
Cytoplasmic dynein function defined by subunit composition
Pfister, K. K. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809471-6.00014-0
Guo, M. (2011) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.7553960.7849058
Akhmanova, A. S. (2006) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.1031329.368707
Multiscale Theoretical Studies for Molecular Motors
Xie, K., & Wang, Q. (2023) · doi:10.1063/9780735425279_002
Axonal transport during injury on a theoretical axon
Chandra, S., Chatterjee, R., Olmsted, Z. T., Mukherjee, A., & Paluh, J. L. (2023) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2023.1215945
Badal, K. K., Zhao, Y., Raveendra, B., Lozano‐Villada, S., Miller, K. E., & Puthanveettil, S. V. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.06.28.601272
Huie, E. L., & Shah, S. H. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15580-2.00012-6
ORP1L, a new Rab7 effector and regulator of late endosome functions
Johansson, M. (2006) · STM:n Hallinnonalan avoin julkaisuarkisto (Julkari)
Evolutionary genomic basis of mimicry diversity of Epicopeiidae moths
Li, H., Zhang, Y., Tian, X., Xu, X., Wang, M., Wang, H., Liang, D., & Zhang, P. (2026) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msag060
Reconstitution du réseau corticostriatal et cible thérapeutique dans la maladie de Huntington
Virlogeux, A. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/92b9e042zfafcz42e8z890bz6c7ca43e2613
Fissi, N. E. (2017) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/c83cba05z877bz4314z9573zbdf64fa8a1cc
Terras, F. (2020) · doi:10.70675/872df6d1ze1b9z4a8dzb02dzad4656ff10f0
Hain, D. (2011) · OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique)
Metadata
- Authors
- Martin, M., Iyadurai, S. J., Gassman, A., Gindhart, J. G., Hays, T. S., & Saxton, W. M.
- Affiliations
- Indiana University Bloomington (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- University of Massachusetts Boston (US)
- Venue
- Molecular Biology of the Cell
- Published
- 1999-11
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 3717-3728
- ISSN
- 1059-1524 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-4586
- PMC
- PMC25669
- OpenAlex
- W2144151547
- Cited by
- 365
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 3.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- American Heart Association
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM-44757, R01GM044757, R56GM044757, R01GM046295, GM-46295)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Microtubule and mitosis dynamics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Hereditary Neurological Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular transport and secretion
- Keywords
- cytoplasmic dynein, dynactin, kinesin, fast axonal transport, anterograde transport, retrograde transport, microtubule motor proteins, dynein heavy chain, p150Glued, axonal swellings, Drosophila neurons
- MeSH terms
- Dynactin Complex, Animals, Axons, Cytoplasm, Drosophila, Dyneins, Microscopy, Electron, Microtubule-Associated Proteins, Mutation, Phenotype, Precipitin Tests, Kinesins, Microscopy, Confocal, Microscopy, Video
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
