Cited by 141Behavioral Health and InterventionsPhysical Activity and HealthBehavioral and Psychological Studies

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Behavior Change Techniques Associated With Changes in Postintervention and Maintained Changes in Self-Efficacy For Physical Activity: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis

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Tang, Mei Yee, Smith, Debbie M, Mc Sharry, Jennifer, Hann, Mark, French, David P·2019·Annals of Behavioral Medicine

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Abstract

Background: Self-efficacy is an important determinant of physical activity but it is unclear how best to increase self-efficacy for physical activity and to maintain these changes. Purpose: This systematic review aimed to identify which specific behavior change techniques (BCTs), BCT clusters, and number of BCTs were associated with changes in postintervention and maintained changes in self-efficacy for physical activity across all adult populations. Methods: A systematic search yielded 180 randomized trials (204 comparisons) which reported changes in self-efficacy. BCTs were coded using the BCT Taxonomy v1. Hierarchical cluster analysis explored the clustering of BCTs. Meta-analyses and moderator analyses examined whether the presence and absence of individual BCTs in interventions were associated with effect-size changes for self-efficacy. Results: Small intervention effects were found for postintervention self-efficacy for physical activity (d = 0.26; 95% CI: [0.21, 0.31]; I2 = 75.8 per cent). “Information about social, environmental, and emotional consequences” was associated with higher effect sizes, whereas “social support (practical)” was associated with lower effect sizes. Small and nonsignificant effects were found for maintained changes in self-efficacy for physical activity (d = 0.08; CI: [−0.05, 0.21]; I2 = 83.8 per cent). Lack of meaningful clustering of BCTs was found. A significant positive relationship was found between number of BCTs and effect sizes for maintained changes in self-efficacy for physical activity. Conclusions: There does not appear to be a single effective approach to change self-efficacy for physical activity in all adults: different approaches are required for different populations. Interventions with more BCTs seem more effective at maintaining changes in self-efficacy for physical activity.

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“BCTs can be adopted alone or in combination, with more BCTs may be more effective for maintaining changes in physical activity self-efficacy [75].”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Evaluation of Behavior Change Interventions
Matthews, L., & Simpson, S. A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.022 · Cited by 8
Motivational Interviewing Interventions
Berman, A. H., Beckman, M., & Lindqvist, H. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.045 · Cited by 12
Can’t I continue to exercise here? Exploring experiences, barriers, and facilitators for physical therapists and survivors of cancer to promote exercise maintenance
Agasi-Idenburg, C. S., Joosten, M. M. J., Hoedjes, M., Buffart, L. M., Kampshoff, C. S., & Stuiver, M. M. (2025) · Journal of Cancer Survivorship · doi:10.1007/s11764-025-01767-8 · Cited by 6
“Some of our findings were also reported in non-cancer populations [35–39], while others seem relatively cancer-specific [40–42].”
The relationship between teacher care and Chinese college students’ physical education class learning satisfaction: the chain mediation effect of exercise enjoyment and exercise self-efficacy
Chen, H., & Xiang, J. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1691027 · Cited by 6
“Exercise self-efficacy refers to an individual’s confidence and ability to successfully engage in physical exercise and complete related tasks (Tang et al., 2019).”
Economic and Behavioral Economic Approaches to Behavior Change
Brown, P. M., Cameron, L. D., Wilkinson, M., & Taylor, D. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.042 · Cited by 7
Changing Behavior Using Integrative Self-Control Theory
Hofmann, W., Dohle, S., & Diel, K. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.011 · Cited by 7
Affect-Based Interventions
Conner, M. T., Williams, D. M., & Rhodes, R. E. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.034 · Cited by 6
Comparing the Effectiveness of a Web-Based Application With a Digital Live Seminar to Improve Safe Communication for Pregnant Women: 3-Group Partially Randomized Controlled Trial
Kötting, L., Derksen, C., Keller, F. M., & Lippke, S. (2023) · JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting · doi:10.2196/44701 · Cited by 7
“Thus, it is even more important to gain evidence in this area of research, especially regarding behavior change interventions [42,45,46].”
Background
Exploring the feasibility of a 6-week electric-bike intervention with behavioural support in Australia.
McVicar, J., Keske, M. A., O’Riordan, S. F., Parker, L., Betik, A. C., & Maddison, R. (2023) · Journal of Transport & Health · doi:10.1016/j.jth.2023.101706 · Cited by 5
Addressing Underserved Populations and Disparities in Behavior Change
Schüz, B., & Hooper, M. W. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.027 · Cited by 5
“It’s having something that you’ve done it for”: Applying Self-Determination Theory to participants’ motivations in a for-cause physical activity event
Bernhart, J. A., Wilcox, S., Decker, L., Ehlers, D. K., McKeever, B. W., & O’Neill, J. R. (2020) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105320947811 · Cited by 5
Psychosocial moderators of the effect of lifestyle interventions in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a scoping review
Andersson, J., Smidt, M. F. D., Sundström, A. E., Nordin, S., Wennberg, P., & Näslund, U. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-24076-2 · Cited by 7
“Conversely, other psychosocial factors, for example self-efficacy, can facilitate behavior change through a variety of psychological, behavioral, and social mechanisms [16].”
Affective and cognitive predictors of lapse in exercise and dietary behavior: an ecological momentary assessment study amongst Dutch adults trying to lose weight
Roordink, E. M., Joosten, M. M. J., Steenhuis, I. H., Kroeze, W., Hoekstra, T., Jacobs, N., & van Stralen, M. M. (2025) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2025.2509070 · Cited by 4
“It also shows that interventions with more behavior change techniques are more effective at maintaining self-efficacy changes (Tang et al., 2019).”
Changing Behavior in the Digital Age
Kavanagh, D. J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.029 · Cited by 4
The effect of fixed physical usage patterns on the engagement of physical activity apps: a real-world data analysis
Ma, L., Zhao, X., & Zhou, Z. (2022) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2022.2159875 · Cited by 4
Effectiveness and Components of Health Behavior Interventions on Increasing Physical Activity Among Healthy Young and Middle-Aged Adults: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analyses
Wan, J., Kim, J., Tsujimoto, T., Mizushima, R., Shi, Y., Kiyohara, K., & Nakata, Y. (2024) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs14121224 · Cited by 4
Behavior Change Techniques Involved in Physical Activity Interventions for Children With Chronic Conditions: A Systematic Review
Sivaramakrishnan, H., Davis, E. A., Obadimeji, L., Valentine, J. P., Wood, F. M., Shetty, V. B., & Finlay‐jones, A. L. (2024) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kaae033 · Cited by 6
Study protocol: Collaboration Oriented Approach to Controlling High blood pressure (COACH) in adults – a randomised controlled trial
Dorr, D. A., Montgomery, E., Ghumman, A., Michaels, L. C., Rolbiecki, A. J., Canfield, S. M., Shaffer, V. A., Johnson, B., Lockwood, M., Ghosh, P., et al. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-085898 · Cited by 3
Effectiveness of Theory-Based Intervention on Knowledge Level, Psychological Constructs, Metabolic Index and Physical Activity Status in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Application of the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) Model
Zanjanchi, F., Zeidi, I. M., Morshedi, H., Zeidi, B. M., Maleki, M. R., & Hajia, A. P. (2023) · Clinical Diabetology · doi:10.5603/cd.96203 · Cited by 2
Influencing basic behavioral mechanisms of action while targeting daily walking in sedentary adults at risk for cardiovascular disease: randomised factorial design protocol
Goodwin, A. M., Gordon, S., Sahni, R. R., Vicari, F., Accardi, K., Crusco, S., Duer-Hefele, J., Friel, C. P., Suls, J. M., Cheung, Y. K., et al. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080307 · Cited by 2
Minimum effective dose of a multicomponent behaviour change intervention to increase the physical activity of individuals on primary statin therapy: an adaptive study using the time-to-event continual reassessment method (TiTE-CRM)
Goodwin, A. M., Friel, C. P., Miller, D., Vicari, F. A., Duer-Hefele, J., Chandereng, T., Davidson, K. W., Alfano, C. M., Cheung, Y. K., & Butler, M. J. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-090789 · Cited by 2
“Finally, while our sample was from a diverse metropolitan area, our demographics would not be considered ‘representative’, were not balanced by cohort/dose and only included individuals on primary prevention statins, limiting generalisability of our results.”
Identifying behaviour change techniques within precision health interventions that use continuous glucose monitoring: a secondary analysis of a scoping review
Bohlen, L. C., Crawshaw, J., Jospe, M. R., Richardson, K. M., Konnyu, K. J., & Schembre, S. M. (2025) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-025-01833-5 · Cited by 4
Changing Behavior Using Control Theory
Mansell, W. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.009 · Cited by 11
Physical Therapists’ Perception and Educational Opportunities to Improve Exercise Adherence in Older Patients and Clients: A Qualitative Study
Ariie, T., NAKAHARA, M., & MORITA, M. (2021) · Progress in Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.2490/prm.20210005 · Cited by 2
Self-efficacy-based Interventions for Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review
Cho, M.-E., & Hwang, S.-K. (2024) · Asian Nursing Research · doi:10.1016/j.anr.2024.09.002 · Cited by 3

Authors: Tang, M. Y., Smith, D. M., Mc Sharry, J., Hann, M., & French, D. P.
Affiliations: University of Manchester (GB)
Health Behaviour Change Research Group, School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
Corresponding author: Tang, Mei Yee
ORCID: Tang, Mei Yee
Smith, Debbie M
Hann, Mark
French, David P
Venue: Annals of Behavioral Medicine
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2018-12-09
Volume: 53
Issue: 9
Pages: 801-815
ISSN: 0742-5554 (ISSN-L)
0883-6612
1532-4796
DOI: 10.1093/abm/kay090
OpenAlex: W2903751329
Cited by: 141
References: 44
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 2
FWCI: 2.55
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
doi.org
Licence: academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
Locations: Annals of Behavioral Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)
Funders: University of Manchester
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
Keywords: behaviour change techniques, self-efficacy, physical activity, maintenance of behavior change, social support, physical activity interventions, adults
MeSH terms: Behavior Therapy, Humans, Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care, Health Behavior, Exercise, Self Efficacy

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Behavior Change Techniques Associated With Changes in Postintervention and Maintained Changes in Self-Efficacy For Physical Activity: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis

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