Exercise/Physical Activity in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Consensus Statement from the American College of Sports Medicine

KANALEY, JILL A.; COLBERG, SHERI R.; CORCORAN, MATTHEW H.; MALIN, STEVEN K.; RODRIGUEZ, NANCY R.; CRESPO, CARLOS J.; KIRWAN, JOHN P.; ZIERATH, JULEEN R.

doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002800

Cited by 931Physical Activity and HealthDiabetes Management and ResearchDiabetes Treatment and Management

Exercise/Physical Activity in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Consensus Statement from the American College of Sports Medicine

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KANALEY, JILL A., COLBERG, SHERI R., CORCORAN, MATTHEW H., MALIN, STEVEN K., RODRIGUEZ, NANCY R., CRESPO, CARLOS J., KIRWAN, JOHN P., ZIERATH, JULEEN R.·2022·Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

DOI 10.1249/mss.0000000000002800PMC PMC8802999

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Abstract

This consensus statement is an update of the 2010 American College of Sports Medicine position stand on exercise and type 2 diabetes. Since then, a substantial amount of research on select topics in exercise in individuals of various ages with type 2 diabetes has been published while diabetes prevalence has continued to expand worldwide. This consensus statement provides a brief summary of the current evidence and extends and updates the prior recommendations. The document has been expanded to include physical activity, a broader, more comprehensive definition of human movement than planned exercise, and reducing sedentary time. Various types of physical activity enhance health and glycemic management in people with type 2 diabetes, including flexibility and balance exercise, and the importance of each recommended type or mode are discussed. In general, the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans apply to all individuals with type 2 diabetes, with a few exceptions and modifications. People with type 2 diabetes should engage in physical activity regularly and be encouraged to reduce sedentary time and break up sitting time with frequent activity breaks. Any activities undertaken with acute and chronic health complications related to diabetes may require accommodations to ensure safe and effective participation. Other topics addressed are exercise timing to maximize its glucose-lowering effects and barriers to and inequities in physical activity adoption and maintenance.

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Resistance exercise improves blood glucose levels, flexibility, and balance.
“Resistance exercise (i.e., using your own body weight or working against a resistance) also improves blood glucose levels, fl exibility, and balance (101,110).”
From Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes, 2022. A Consensus Report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) (2022) · cites this paper as [101]
The “Resistance exercise training” section reports improved glucose management and A1C in adults with type 2 diabetes. The “Balance Exercise” section says some resistance exercises double as balance training and that power training can improve balance. The “Flexibility Exercise” section attributes improved flexibility to stretching or flexibility exercises, including when combined with resistance training; it does not establish that resistance exercise alone improves flexibility. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Regular aerobic exercise induces clinically significant benefits in cardiorespiratory fitness.
“and induces clinically signi fi cant bene fi ts in cardiorespiratory fi tness (101,110,119).”
From Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes, 2022. A Consensus Report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) (2022) · cites this paper as [101]
The Aerobic exercise training section says regular training improves fitness levels in adults with type 2 diabetes, and the High-Intensity Interval Exercise section reports significant fitness improvements in that population. The paper does not establish that these gains are clinically significant or extend the finding beyond people with type 2 diabetes; no page numbers are available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
These glycemic effects can be maximized by undertaking activity during the postprandial period and engaging in activities for ≥45 min.
“These glycemic effects can be maximized by undertaking activity during the postprandial period and engaging in activities for $ 45 min (101,120).”
From Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes, 2022. A Consensus Report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) (2022) · cites this paper as [101]
Several obesity and diabetes mellitus associations and position statements already recommend resistance training as an intervention.
“Several obesity and diabetes mellitus associations and position statements already recommend resistance training as an intervention [200–202].”
From Effects of Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy on Fat Mass and Glucose Homeostasis in Humans and Animals: A Narrative Review with Systematic Literature Search (2025) · cites this paper as [200]
Current guidelines from major diabetes and cardiology organizations recommend regular resistance and aerobic exercise and increasing daily steps to avoid sedentary behavior.
“Current guideline recommendations by the American Diabetes Association (ADA), European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), American Association of Clinical Endocrinology (AACE), and the American Heart Association (AHA) advocate regular resistance and aerobic exercise, as well as physical activity such as increasing daily steps to avoid sed”
From The Impact of Physical Activity in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (2025) · cites this paper as [24]

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Effects of yoga in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis
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Disentangling Race, Poverty, and Place in Disparities in Physical Activity
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Physiologic responses to weight lifting in coronary artery disease
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Biochemical evidence of metabolic bone disease in women following Roux-Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity
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Effectiveness of lifestyle-based weight loss interventions for adults with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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Postdinner resistance exercise improves postprandial risk factors more effectively than predinner resistance exercise in patients with type 2 diabetes
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The Effect of Exercise Timing on Glycemic Control: A Randomized Clinical Trial
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Effects of 8 weeks of flexibility and resistance training in older adults with type 2 diabetes
Herriott, M. T., Colberg, S. R., Parson, H. K., Nunnold, T., & Vinik, A. I. (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.12.2988 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
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Targeting specific interstitial glycemic parameters with high-intensity interval exercise and fasted-state exercise in type 2 diabetes
Terada, T., Wilson, B., Myette‐Côté, É., Kuzik, N., Bell, G. J., McCargar, L. J., & Boulé, N. G. (2016) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2016.01.003 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Functional high-intensity training improves pancreatic β-cell function in adults with type 2 diabetes
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Exercise Mitigates Bone Loss in Women With Severe Obesity After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Murai, I. H., Roschel, H., Dantas, W. S., Gil, S. D. S., Merege-Filho, C. A. A., de Cleva, R., de Sá‐Pinto, A. L., Lima, F., Santo, M. A., Benatti, F. B., et al. (2019) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2019-00074 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
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Prior meal enhances the plasma glucose lowering effect of exercise in type 2 diabetes
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The Effects of Tai Chi on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis
Chao, M., Wang, C., Dong, X., & Ding, M. (2018) · Journal of Diabetes Research · doi:10.1155/2018/7350567 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Store More Heat during Exercise
Kenny, G. P., Stapleton, J. M., Yardley, J. E., Boulay, P., & Sigal, R. J. (2013) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3182940836 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Long-term Impact of Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention on Cognitive Function
Espeland, M. A., Rapp, S. R., Bray, G. A., Houston, D. K., Johnson, K., Kitabchi, A. E., Hergenroeder, A. L., Williamson, J. D., Jakicic, J. M., Dorsten, B. V., et al. (2014) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glu031 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Racial/Ethnic Residential Segregation, Obesity, and Diabetes Mellitus
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Randomized trial of three strategies to promote physical activity in general practice
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Exercise Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes
van Dijk, J., Tummers, K., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Hartgens, F., & van Loon, L. J. C. (2012) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc11-2112 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Effects of Aerobic and Resistance Training on Hemoglobin A1c Levels in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
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New research directions on disparities in obesity and type 2 diabetes
Thornton, P. L., Kumanyika, S., Gregg, E. W., Araneta, M. R. G., Baskin, M. L., Chin, M. H., Crespo, C. J., de Groot, M., Garcia, D. O., Haire-Joshu, D. L., et al. (2019) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.14270 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
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Impacts of Supervised Exercise Training in Addition to Interdisciplinary Lifestyle Management in Subjects Awaiting Bariatric Surgery: a Randomized Controlled Study
Baillot, A., Mampuya, W. M., Dionne, I. J., Comeau, É., Méziat-Burdin, A., & Langlois, M. (2016) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-016-2153-9 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
The impact of physical activity on the prevention of type 2 diabetes: Evidence and lessons learned from the Diabetes Prevention Program, a long-standing clinical trial incorporating subjective and objective activity measures
Kriska, A. M., Rockette-Wagner, B., Edelstein, S. L., Bray, G. A., Delahanty, L. M., Hoskin, M. A., Horton, E. S., Venditti, E. M., Knowler, W. C., DPP Research Group, et al. (2021) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc20-1129 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Supervised Physical Training Improves Weight Loss After Roux‐en‐Y Gastric Bypass Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Mundbjerg, L. H., Stolberg, C. R., Cecere, S., Bladbjerg, E., Funch-Jensen, P. M., Gram, B., & Juhl, C. B. (2018) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.22143 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Carbohydrate restriction for diabetes: rediscovering centuries-old wisdom
Lennerz, B. S., Koutnik, A. P., Azova, S., Wolfsdorf, J. I., & Ludwig, D. S. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci142246 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Near‐normalization of glycaemic control with glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist treatment combined with exercise in patients with type 2 diabetes
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Effects of combined training with different intensities on vascular health in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 1-year randomized controlled trial
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Physical Activity Participation May Offset Some of the Negative Impact of Diabetes on Cognitive Function
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Improved brachial artery shear patterns and increased flow‐mediated dilatation after low‐volume high‐intensity interval training in type 2 diabetes
Afousi, A. G., Izadi, M. R., Rakhshan, K., Mafi, F., Biglari, S., & Bagheri, H. G. (2018) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/ep087005 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
The association between physical inactivity and obesity is modified by five domains of environmental quality in U.S. adults: A cross-sectional study
Gray, C. L., Messer, L. C., Rappazzo, K. M., Jagai, J. S., Grabich, S. C., & Lobdell, D. T. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0203301 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
The effects of popular diets on type 2 diabetes management
Chester, B., Babu, J. R., Greene, M. W., & Geetha, T. (2019) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.3188 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Effects of Different Modes of Exercise Training on Glucose Control and Risk Factors for Complications in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: a Meta-Analysis
Snowling, N. J., & Hopkins, W. G. (2007) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc06-2626 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Interaction of sulfonylureas and exercise on glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetic patients
Larsen, J. J., Dela, F., Madsbad, S., Vibe-Petersen, J., & Galbo, H. (1999) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.22.10.1647 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Trends in No Leisure-Time Physical Activity—United States, 1988–2010
Moore, L. V., Harris, C. D., Carlson, S. A., Kruger, J., & Fulton, J. E. (2012) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2012.10599884 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Longitudinal Assessment of Physical Activity in Women Undergoing Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
Berglind, D., Willmer, M., Eriksson, U., Thorell, A., Sundbom, M., Uddén, J., Raoof, M., Hedberg, J., Tynelius, P., Näslund, E. B., et al. (2014) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-014-1331-x · Cited by 59 · see citing works
The benefits of yoga practice compared to physical exercise in the management of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Jayawardena, R., Ranasinghe, P. D., Chathuranga, T., Atapattu, P. M., & Misra, A. (2018) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2018.04.008 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Exercise improves adiposopathy, insulin sensitivity and metabolic syndrome severity independent of intensity
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Supervised Balance Training and Wii Fit–Based Exercises Lower Falls Risk in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Morrison, S., Simmons, R., Colberg, S. R., Parson, H. K., & Vinik, A. I. (2017) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2017.11.004 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
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Increased Brain Glucose Uptake After 12 Weeks of Aerobic High-Intensity Interval Training in Young and Older Adults
Robinson, M. M., Lowe, V. J., & Nair, K. S. (2017) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2017-01571 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Exercise training improves vascular function in adolescents with type 2 diabetes
Naylor, L. H., Davis, E. A., Kalic, R. J., Paramalingam, N., Abraham, M. B., Jones, T. W., & GREEN, D. J. (2016) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.12713 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Exercise-Induced Increases in Insulin Sensitivity After Bariatric Surgery Are Mediated by Muscle Extracellular Matrix Remodeling
Dantas, W. S., Roschel, H., Murai, I. H., Gil, S., Davuluri, G., Axelrod, C. L., Ghosh, S., Newman, S. S., Zhang, H., Shinjo, S. K., et al. (2020) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db19-1180 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
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The Effect of an Exercise Intervention Program on Bone Health After Bariatric Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Diniz‐Sousa, F., Veras, L., Boppre, G., Sá‐Couto, P., Devezas, V., Sousa, H. S., Preto, J. R., Vilas‐Boas, J. P., Machado, L. J., de Oliveira, J. J. F., et al. (2020) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1002/jbmr.4213 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Stair climbing/descending exercise for a short time decreases blood glucose levels after a meal in people with type 2 diabetes
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Exercise Heat Stress in Patients With and Without Type 2 Diabetes
Notley, S. R., Poirier, M. P., Sigal, R. J., D’Souza, A. W., Flouris, A. D., Fujii, N., & Kenny, G. P. (2019) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2019.10943 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Effects of Aerobic Training, Resistance Training, or Both on Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Trial
Sigal, R. J., Kenny, G. P., Boulé, N. G., Wells, G. A., Prud'homme, D., Fortier, M., Reid, R. D., Tulloch, H., Coyle, D., Phillips, P., et al. (2007) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-147-6-200709180-00005 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
The impact of self-efficacy on physical activity maintenance in patients with hip osteoarthritis – a mixed methods study
Hammer, N. M., Bieler, T., Beyer, N., & Midtgaard, J. (2015) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.3109/09638288.2015.1107642 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Pilates Method Training: Functional and Blood Glucose Responses of Older Women With Type 2 Diabetes
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Effect of Tai Chi on Quality of Life, Body Mass Index, and Waist-Hip Ratio in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
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Effects of Post‐absorptive and Postprandial Exercise on Glucoregulation in Metabolic Syndrome
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Effects of exercise, cognitive, and dual-task interventions on cognition in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes, 2022. A Consensus Report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)
Davies, M. J., Aroda, V. R., Collins, B. S., Gabbay, R. A., Green, J., Maruthur, N. M., Rosas, S. E., Del Prato, S., Mathieu, C., Mingrone, G., et al. (2022) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci22-0034 · Cited by 2,104 · see citing works
Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes, 2022. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)
Davies, M. J., Aroda, V. R., Collins, B. S., Gabbay, R. A., Green, J., Maruthur, N. M., Rosas, S. E., Del Prato, S., Mathieu, C., Mingrone, G., et al. (2022) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-022-05787-2 · Cited by 1,048 · see citing works
5. Facilitating Positive Health Behaviors and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes:Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023
ElSayed, N. A., Aleppo, G., Aroda, V. R., Bannuru, R. R., Brown, F. M., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B. S., Hilliard, M. E., Isaacs, D., Johnson, E. L., et al. (2023) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc23-s005 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
5. Facilitating Positive Health Behaviors and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, ElSayed, N. A., McCoy, R. G., Aleppo, G., Balapattabi, K., Beverly, E. A., Briggs Early, K., Bruemmer, D., Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., Eichorst, B., et al. (2025) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc25-s005 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR)
Izquierdo, M., de Souto Barreto, P., Arai, H., Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A., Cadore, E. L., Cesari, M., Chen, L.-K., Coen, P. M., Courneya, K. S., Duque, G., et al. (2025) · The Journal of nutrition, health and aging · doi:10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100401 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Exercise in the Management of Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) in Adults: A Position Statement from Exercise and Sport Science Australia
Keating, S. E., Sabag, A., Hallsworth, K., Hickman, I. J., Macdonald, G. A., Stine, J. G., George, J., & Johnson, N. A. (2023) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-023-01918-w · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Exercise training-induced changes in exerkine concentrations may be relevant to the metabolic control of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
García-Hermoso, A., Ramírez-Vélez, R., Díez, J., González, A., & Izquierdo, M. (2023) · Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2022.11.003 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Resistance exercise minimal dose strategies for increasing muscle strength in the general population: an overview.
Nuzzo, J. L., Pinto, M. D., Kirk, B. J. C., & Nosaka, K. (2024) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-024-02009-0 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Understanding heterogeneity of responses to, and optimizing clinical efficacy of, exercise training in older adults: NIH NIA Workshop summary
Erickson, M. L., Allen, J. M., Beavers, D. P., Collins, L. M., Davidson, K. W., Erickson, K. I., Esser, K. A., Hesselink, M. K. C., Moreau, K. L., Laber, E. B., et al. (2023) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-022-00668-3 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
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Impact of Exercise Training Interventions on Flow-Mediated Dilation in Adults: An Umbrella Review
Shivgulam, M. E., Liu, H., Schwartz, B. D., Langley, J. E., Bray, N. W., Kimmerly, D. S., & O’Brien, M. W. (2023) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-023-01837-w · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Effect of Exercise on Liver Function and Insulin Resistance Markers in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Hejazi, K., & Hackett, D. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12083011 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Leisure-time physical activity and risk of microvascular complications in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A UK Biobank study
Kristensen, F. P. B., Sanchez-Lastra, M. A., Dalene, K. E., del Pozo Cruz, B., Ried-Larsen, M., Thomsen, R. W., Ding, D., Ekelund, U., & Tarp, J. (2023) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc23-0937 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
The Effects of a Lifestyle Intervention Supported by the InterWalk Smartphone App on Increasing Physical Activity Among Persons With Type 2 Diabetes: Parallel-Group, Randomized Trial
Thorsen, I. K., Yang, Y., Valentiner, L. S., Glümer, C., Karstoft, K., Brønd, J. C., Nielsen, R. O., Brøns, C., Christensen, R., Nielsen, J. S., et al. (2022) · JMIR mHealth and uHealth · doi:10.2196/30602 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Economic evaluation of physical activity interventions for type 2 diabetes management: a systematic review
Barbosa, A., Whiting, S., Ding, D., Brito, J., & Mendes, R. (2022) · European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckac074 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Replacing of sedentary behavior with physical activity and the risk of mortality in people with prediabetes and diabetes: a prospective cohort study
Zhu, P., Lao, G., Li, H., Tan, R., Gu, J., & Ran, J. (2023) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-023-01488-0 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Health and racial disparities in diabetes mellitus prevalence, management, policies, and outcomes in the United States
(2024) · Journal of Community Medicine & Public Health · doi:10.29011/2577-2228.100460 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
HIIT Promotes M2 Macrophage Polarization and Sympathetic Nerve Density to Induce Adipose Tissue Browning in T2DM Mice
Guo, Y., Zhang, Q., Yang, D., Chen, P., & Xiao, W. (2024) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom14030246 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Obesity and Exercise: New Insights and Perspectives
James, N. M., & Stanford, K. I. (2025) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/endrev/bnaf017 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Effects of Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy on Fat Mass and Glucose Homeostasis in Humans and Animals: A Narrative Review with Systematic Literature Search
Havers, T., Held, S., Schönfelder, M., Geisler, S., & Wackerhage, H. (2025) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-025-02263-w · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“Several obesity and diabetes mellitus associations and position statements already recommend resistance training as an intervention [200–202].”
The Impact of Physical Activity in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Bassin, S. R., & Srinath, R. (2025) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/15598276231180541 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Molecular Regulators of Exercise-mediated Insulin Sensitivity in Non-obese Individuals
Almuraikhy, S., Doudin, A., Domling, A., Althani, A. A. J. F., & Elrayess, M. A. (2024) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/jcmm.18015 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Effect of exercise training on insulin-stimulated glucose disposal: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Rebello, C. J., Zhang, D., Kirwan, J. P., Lowe, A. C., Emerson, C. J., Kracht, C. L., Steib, L. C., Greenway, F. L., Johnson, W. D., & Brown, J. C. (2023) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-023-01283-8 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“Therefore, exercise training is part of the standard recommendations for treating and preventing obesity, type 2 diabetes, and related diseases that may be linked to insulin resistance [15].”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Using continuous glucose monitoring to prescribe an exercise time: a randomised controlled trial in adults with type 2 diabetes
Chang, C. R., Roach, L. A., Russell, B. M., & Francois, M. E. (2025) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112072 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
A Narrative Literature Review on the Role of Exercise Training in Managing Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Piras, A., & Raffi, M. (2023) · doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0363.v1 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Mobile Health Biometrics to Enhance Exercise and Physical Activity Adherence in Type 2 Diabetes (MOTIVATE-T2D): a decentralised feasibility randomised controlled trial delivered across the UK and Canada
Hesketh, K., Low, J., Andrews, R., Blitz, S., Buckley, B., Falkenhain, K., Job, J., Jones, C. A., Jones, H., Jung, M. E., et al. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-092260 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Effectiveness of wearable technologies in supporting physical activity and metabolic health in adults with type 2 diabetes: a systematic-narrative hybrid review
Laffi, A., Persiani, M., Piras, A., Meoni, A., & Raffi, M. (2025) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare13192422 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
The efficacy and safety of danuglipron and orforglipron in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Zhou, J., Wang, F., & Li, S. (2025) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2025.1646956 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Authors: KANALEY, J. A., COLBERG, S. R., CORCORAN, M. H., MALIN, S. K., RODRIGUEZ, N. R., CRESPO, C. J., KIRWAN, J. P., & ZIERATH, J. R.
Affiliations: University of Missouri (US)
Old Dominion University (US)
Shore Physicians Group, Northfield, NJ
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
University of Connecticut (US)
Portland State University (US)
Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
Karolinska Institutet (SE)
ORCID: CRESPO, CARLOS J.
Venue: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2022-02
Volume: 54
Issue: 2
Pages: 353-368
ISSN: 0195-9131 (ISSN-L)
1530-0315
DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002800
PMC: PMC8802999
OpenAlex: W4205679789
Semantic Scholar: 46043e8bf796c2a3a97334bc1823d692d13e2e3a
Cited by: 931
References: 240
Citations by year: 2026: 207 · 2025: 251 · 2024: 234 · 2023: 184 · 2022: 55
FWCI: 112.09
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
PDXScholar (Portland State University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Civil War Book Review (submittedVersion)
Funders: Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF17OC0030088)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P01HL103453, R01HL130296)
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (UL1GM118964, TL4GM118965, RL5GM118963, T34GM141989, U54GM104940)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U01DK114156, R01DK101513)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD088061)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
Keywords: type 2 diabetes, physical activity, glycemic control, sedentary behavior, exercise timing, barriers to physical activity, health disparities, diabetes complications
MeSH terms: Combined Modality Therapy, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Exercise Therapy, Humans, Mental Health, Patient Compliance, Health Behavior, Exercise

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Exercise/Physical Activity in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Consensus Statement from the American College of Sports Medicine

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