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The Epistemology of Resistance: Gender and Racial Oppression, Epistemic Injustice, and the Social Imagination
Abstract
This book explores the epistemic side of oppression, focusing on racial and sexual oppression and their interconnections. It elucidates how social insensitivities and imposed silences prevent members of different groups from interacting epistemically in fruitful ways—from listening to each other, learning from each other, and mutually enriching each other’s perspectives. Medina’s epistemology of resistance offers a contextualist theory of our complicity with epistemic injustices and a social connection model of shared responsibility for improving epistemic conditions of participation in social practices. Through the articulation of a new interactionism and polyphonic contextualism, the book develops a sustained argument about the role of the imagination in mediating social perceptions and interactions. It concludes that only through the cultivation of practices of resistance can we develop a social imagination that can help us become sensitive to the suffering of excluded and stigmatized subjects. Drawing on Feminist Standpoint Theory and Critical Race Theory, this book makes contributions to social epistemology and to recent discussions of testimonial and hermeneutical injustice, epistemic responsibility, counter-performativity, and solidarity in the fight against racism and sexism.
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In the citing paper
“While marginalized groups are often excluded from shaping the collective understandings that prevail among dominant groups, there is a long history of oppressed communities developing their own conceptual resources (Medina 2013 ;Dotson 2014 ;Goetze 2018 ).”
From Agency and authority: A differentiated model of hermeneutical power (2025) · cites this paper as Medina 2013
In the citing paper
“While marginalized groups are often excluded from shaping the collective understandings that prevail among dominant groups, there is a long history of oppressed communities developing their own conceptual resources (Medina 2013 ;Dotson 2014 ;Goetze 2018 ).”
From Agency and authority: A differentiated model of hermeneutical power (2025) · cites this paper as Medina 2013
In the citing paper
“Yet, because the class was situated within the very epistemic framework it wished to de-link from, the teacher (and the students) encountered epistemic frictions (Medina, 2013) when they encountered a multicultural standardized science content which presented Indigenous knowledges solely as ' culture. '”
From Creating third spaces in K-12 socio-environmental education through indigenous languages: a case study (2024) · cites this paper as Medina, 2013
In the citing paper
“Medina (2013) emphasises epistemic resistance and the importance of friction among differently situated perspectives.”
From Hermeneutic Sovereignty under Generative AI: A Humanities Framework for Protecting Human Meaning-Making from Interpretive Foreclosure (2026) · cites this paper as Medina (2013)
In the citing paper
“Epistemic injustice scholarship shows that power affects who is heard as a knower and what interpretive resources are available for making sense of experience (Dotson, 2011;Fricker, 2007;Medina, 2013;Pohlhaus, 2012).”
From Hermeneutic Sovereignty under Generative AI: A Humanities Framework for Protecting Human Meaning-Making from Interpretive Foreclosure (2026) · cites this paper as Medina, 2013
In the citing paper
“The epistemic injustice literature shows why collective sense-making matters for experiences that are difficult to name within dominant categories (Fricker, 2007;Medina, 2013;Milano & Prunkl, 2025).”
From Hermeneutic Sovereignty under Generative AI: A Humanities Framework for Protecting Human Meaning-Making from Interpretive Foreclosure (2026) · cites this paper as Medina, 2013
Citations
Cites
Epistemic Injustice: Power and the Ethics of Knowing
Fricker, M. (2007) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198237907.001.0001 · Cited by 9,198
Science as Social Knowledge: Values and Objectivity in Scientific Inquiry
Longino, H. E. (1990) · doi:10.1515/9780691209753 · Cited by 3,092
Carnal Knowledge and Imperial Power: Race and the Intimate in Colonial Rule, With a New Preface
Stoler, A. L. (2010) · doi:10.1525/9780520946194 · Cited by 432
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Metadata
- Authors
- Medina, J.
- Affiliations
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Medina, José
- ORCID
- Medina, José
- Publisher
- Oxford University PressNew York
- Published
- 2013-01-24
- OpenAlex
- W4206597645
- Cited by
- 1,761
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 364 · 2025: 300 · 2024: 221 · 2023: 220 · 2022: 162 · 2021: 158 · 2020: 124 · 2019: 82 · 2018: 54 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 5
- FWCI
- 12.49
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Digital Access to Libraries (Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), l'Université de Namur (UNamur) and the Université Saint-Louis (USL-B)) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Feminist Epistemology and Gender Studies
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Feminist Theory and Gender Studies
- Keywords
- epistemic injustice, racial oppression, sexual oppression, intersectionality, social imagination, contextualism, interactionism, feminist standpoint theory, critical race theory, testimonial injustice, hermeneutical injustice, epistemic responsibility, solidarity, complicity, social epistemology
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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