The DOI matches its Crossref record; 20 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Role of Zinc in Antiviral Immunity
Open accessAbstract
ABSTRACT Zinc is an essential trace element that is crucial for growth, development, and the maintenance of immune function. Its influence reaches all organs and cell types, representing an integral component of approximately 10% of the human proteome, and encompassing hundreds of key enzymes and transcription factors. Zinc deficiency is strikingly common, affecting up to a quarter of the population in developing countries, but also affecting distinct populations in the developed world as a result of lifestyle, age, and disease-mediated factors. Consequently, zinc status is a critical factor that can influence antiviral immunity, particularly as zinc-deficient populations are often most at risk of acquiring viral infections such as HIV or hepatitis C virus. This review summarizes current basic science and clinical evidence examining zinc as a direct antiviral, as well as a stimulant of antiviral immunity. An abundance of evidence has accumulated over the past 50 y to demonstrate the antiviral activity of zinc against a variety of viruses, and via numerous mechanisms. The therapeutic use of zinc for viral infections such as herpes simplex virus and the common cold has stemmed from these findings; however, there remains much to be learned regarding the antiviral mechanisms and clinical benefit of zinc supplementation as a preventative and therapeutic treatment for viral infections.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Human Transcription Factors
Lambert, S. A., Jolma, A., Campitelli, L. F., Das, P. K., Yin, Y., Albu, M., Chen, X., Taipale, J., Hughes, T. R., & Weirauch, M. T. (2018) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.01.029 · Cited by 3,399
Zinc and immune function: the biological basis of altered resistance to infection
Shankar, A. H., & Prasad, A. S. (1998) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/68.2.447s · Cited by 1,606
SOCS proteins, cytokine signalling and immune regulation
Yoshimura, A., Naka, T., & Kubo, M. (2007) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2093 · Cited by 1,580
Kambe, T., Tsuji, T., Hashimoto, A., & Itsumura, N. (2015) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00035.2014 · Cited by 1,158
Prasad, A. S., Beck, F. W., Bao, B., Fitzgerald, J. T., Snell, D. C., Steinberg, J. D., & Cardozo, L. J. (2007) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/85.3.837 · Cited by 516
Dietary calcium and zinc deficiency risks are decreasing but remain prevalent
Kumssa, D. B., Joy, E. J. M., Ander, E. L., Watts, M. J., Young, S. D., Walker, S., & Broadley, M. R. (2015) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep10974 · Cited by 455 · cited 1×
“The global prevalence of zinc deficiency is estimated to range from ∼17% to 20% (5, 6), with the vast majority occurring in developing countries of Africa and Asia.”
BackgroundMycobacterial P1-Type ATPases Mediate Resistance to Zinc Poisoning in Human Macrophages
Botella, H., Peyron, P., Levillain, F., Poincloux, R., Poquet, Y., Brandli, I., Wang, C., Tailleux, L., Tilleul, S., Charrière, G. M., et al. (2011) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2011.08.006 · Cited by 381
ZIP8 Regulates Host Defense through Zinc-Mediated Inhibition of NF-κB
Liu, M.-J., Bao, S., Gálvez-Peralta, M., Pyle, C. J., Rudawsky, A. C., Pavlovicz, R. E., Killilea, D. W., Li, C., Nebert, D. W., Wewers, M. D., et al. (2013) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2013.01.009 · Cited by 367
You, M., Yu, D.-H., & Feng, G.-S. (1999) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.19.3.2416 · Cited by 364
Maywald, M., Wessels, I., & Rink, L. (2017) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms18102222 · Cited by 309
Cited by
Nutrition, immunity and COVID-19
Calder, P. C. (2020) · BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health · doi:10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000085 · Cited by 426
Chen, B., Yu, P., Chan, W. N., Xie, F., Zhang, Y., Liang, L., Leung, K. T., Lo, K. W., Yu, J., Tse, G. M. K., et al. (2024) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-023-01679-y · Cited by 420
The Role of Nutrition in COVID-19 Susceptibility and Severity of Disease: A Systematic Review
James, P. T., Ali, Z., Armitage, A. E., Bonell, A., Cerami, C., Drakesmith, H., Jobe, M., Jones, K. S., Liew, Z., Moore, S. E., et al. (2021) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/nxab059 · Cited by 147
Dysgeusia in COVID-19: Possible Mechanisms and Implications
Lozada-Nur, F., Chainani-Wu, N., Fortuna, G., & Sroussi, H. (2020) · Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.oooo.2020.06.016 · Cited by 120
Abioye, A. I., Bromage, S., & Fawzi, W. (2021) · BMJ Global Health · doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003176 · Cited by 96
Metadata
- Authors
- Read, S. A., Obeid, S., Ahlenstiel, C., & Ahlenstiel, G.
- Venue
- Advances in Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-07
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 696-710
- ISSN
- 2156-5376 (ISSN-L)
- 2161-8313
- OpenAlex
- W2940991134
- Cited by
- 749
- References
- 20
- FWCI
- 73.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Role of Zinc in Antiviral Immunity. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/advances/nmz013
- The paper
- Read, S. A., Obeid, S., Ahlenstiel, C., & Ahlenstiel, G. (2019). The Role of Zinc in Antiviral Immunity. Advances in Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmz013
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
