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Reassessment of body mass indices
Abstract
The accuracy of body mass indices (BMIs), such as Quetelet's index, for the definition of obesity was investigated in a large sample of healthy humans. Two hundred thirteen women and 150 men with a wide spectrum of weights, heights, and ages underwent densitometric analysis for the determination of percent body fat (%BF). %BF was then contrasted with various well-established BMIs. Although %BF was correlated with all the BMIs (r = 0.60-0.82), applying objective definitions of obesity based on BMIs or %BF by densitometry often produced conflicting results. It was also found that the 95% confidence intervals for predicting %BF by using Quetelet's index were very wide. Because of the wide variation for individuals between densitometrically determined body fat and body fat as estimated by BMIs, we conclude that BMIs should be used with caution as indicators of obesity.
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“In a sample of men with a BMI of 27 kg/m2 (characterized by BMI as overweight), the 95% confidence interval for body fat percentage varied from 10% to 32% [32].”
From Advantages and Limitations of the Body Mass Index (BMI) to Assess Adult Obesity (2024) · cites this paper as [32]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Smalley, K., Knerr, A., Kendrick, Z., Colliver, J., & Owen, O.
- Affiliations
- Temple University (US)
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1990-09
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 405-408
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2102246105
- Cited by
- 306
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 4.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR000349, M01-RR-00349)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- body mass index, obesity definition, body fat percentage, densitometry, body fat estimation, healthy adults, height and weight
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Body Constitution, Body Height, Body Weight, Densitometry, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Sex Factors, Thinness, Body Mass Index
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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